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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary Carboxyglutamic Acid and Serum Osteocalcin in Cooley's Anemia (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 612 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb24361.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body Composition in Obese Males (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 499 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36231.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noninvasive measurements of bone mass and their clinical significance (1978)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 26 (1978), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013225
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anabolic Effect of Prostaglandin E2 in Bone Is not Dependent on Pituitary Hormones in Rats (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoporosis — Bone volume— Prostaglandin E2— Hypophysectomy — Growth factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an anabolic agent of bone in vivo but the mechanism of its action still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effect of PGE2 on skeleton is mediated by pituitary hormones. Forty female, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: baseline control (basal), age-matched intact control (CON), hypophysectomy (HX), and HX + PGE2 (2 mg/kg/day) with 10 animals in each group. The basal group was sacrified at 2 months of age, and the remaining groups after 6 weeks of treatment. Cancellous and cortical bone histomorphometry was performed on double fluorescent-labeled 40 μm-thick sections of the proximal tibia and tibial shaft. Our results show that HX resulted in a cessation of bone growth, a decrease in cancellous bone volume, and cortical bone gain compared with the age-matched, intact CON rats. Compared with the HX group, the HX + PGE2 group had a significantly greater tibial bone density (mean ± SE, HX + PGE2:1.595 ± 0.007 versus HX:1.545 ± 0.013), percent cancellous bone volume (21.4 ± 2.0 versus 8.41 ± 1.70), percent cortical bone area (87.2 ± 0.85 versus 81.7 ± 0.7), and ratio of cortical area to marrow area (7.14 ± 0.56 versus 4.52 ± 0.21). Increased bone masses by PGE2 in the HX animals were accompanied by an increase in the trabecular and endosteal-labeled surface and bone formation rate. The trabecular number and width were increased whereas trabecular separation was decreased in the HX + PGE2 group compared with the HX group (P 〈 0.05). PGE2 treatment also caused a decrease in the tibial endosteal eroded surface and medullar cavity of the HX animals. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates that PGE2 (2 mg/kg/day) in the HX rats increases both cortical and cancellous bones and improves trabecular architecture in the tibia after 6 weeks of treatment. These skeletal alterations are due to a stimulation of bone formation and a suppression of bone resorption activity. These findings suggest that the anabolic effect of PGE2 in bone is independent of pituitary hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900520
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discordance Between Ultrasound of the Calcaneus and Bone Mineral Density in Black and White Women (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound — Bone density — Ethnic — Osteoporosis — Fracture.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Black women have 40% of the incidence rate for hip fracture and have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) than white women. The possibility was raised that bone quality may be disproportionately greater than the advantage in bone density in protection against osteoporotic fractures in black versus white women. Ultrasound (US) of the calcaneus is believed to measure properties of bone in addition to its density. We performed bone density measurements and US of the calcaneus in 108 black and 177 healthy white women, aged 20–70 years. The highest correlation was seen between total body bone density and speed of sound (r = 0.75). The interracial differences in BMD were all statistically significant and varied from 3.4 to 7.6%. The US measurements had lesser interracial differences than the bone density measurements, with velocity barely different between races. These findings suggest that US of the calcaneus measures properties of bone different from density. Fracture prediction data using US from prospective data in white women should not be extrapolated to black women because of the discordance between bone density and US measurements. Prospective studies are needed comparing US measurements in black women to the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900465
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cancellous Bone of the Spine is Greater in Black Women (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Ethic — Cancellous bone — Cortical bone — Aging.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine was measured in the posteroanterior (PA) and lateral projections as well as the total body BMD in 447 black and white women. The lateral projection is comprised predominantly of cancellous bone whereas the total body BMD is predominantly cortical bone, and the PA spine is intermediate in composition. Black women had a higher BMD than white women for each measurement, but the difference was greatest in the lateral spine. Similarly, black women showed less decline in cancellous bone density with aging. The development of a high peak cancellous bone mass with reduced involutional loss may provide a major contribution towards protection against osteoporotic fractures in black women. Metabolic and pharmacologic studies in black and white women should consider the possibility of the influence of a larger cancellous bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900653
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined treatment of primary osteoporosis with oral sodium fluoride, estrogens and calcium (1976)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1976), S. 563-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02064161
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone administration potentiates the effect of treadmill exercise on long bone formation but not on the vertebrae in middle-aged rats (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 38-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Bone remodeling ; Physical activity ; Aging ; Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether growth hormone administration would potentiate bone response to the stimulation of exercise, 80 female rats aged 14 months were divided into control (CON), ovine growth hormone administration (0.5 mg/kg daily) (GH), treadmill exercise (17 m/minute, 60 minutes daily) (EX), and GH+EX groups for 9 and 16 weeks. Static and dynamic histomorphometry were measured on the tibial shaft and (L-5) vertebral cortical bone. The periosteal and endocortical bone formation rate of the tibial shaft were higher in both EX and GH+EX than in the CON group in the 9-week study. There is a synergistic interaction between the two interventions in both cortical surfaces. After 16 weeks of study, the cortical bone area and periosteal bone formation rate were higher only in the EX than in the CON group. In the L-5 vertebra, the labeled surface on the periosteum was higher in the EX and the bone formation rate on the endocortical surface was higher in the GH than in the CON group. However, there was a negative interaction when the two interventions were combined. We conclude that a low-dose of growth hormone administration could initially potentiate long bone response to exercise. However, from the present study, long-term treatment with low-dose growth hormone administration does not enhance the increase in bone mass from exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316288
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk for Osteoporosis in Black Women (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoporosis — Bone density — Race — Ethnicity — Fracture.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Models of involutional bone loss and strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis have been developed for white women. Black women have higher bone densities than white women, but as the black population ages there will be an increasingly higher population of black women with osteoporosis. Strategies should be developed to reduce the risk of black women for fragility fractures. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of the total body, femur, spine, and radius were performed on 503 healthy black and white women aged 20–80 years. Indices of bone turnover, the calcitrophic hormones, and radioisotope calcium absorption efficiency were also measured to compare the mechanisms of bone loss. The black women had higher BMD values at every site tested than the white women throughout the adult life cycle. Black women have a higher peak bone mass and a slightly slower rate of adult bone loss from the femur and spine, which are skeletal sites comprised predominantly of trabecular bone. Indices of bone turnover are lower in black women as are serum calcidiol levels and urinary calcium excretion. Serum calcitriol and parathyroid hormone levels are higher in black women and calcium absorption efficiency is the same in black and white women, but dietary calcium intake is lower in black women. Black and white women have a similar pattern of bone loss, with substantial bone loss from the femur and spine prior to menopause and an accelerated bone loss from the total skeleton and radius after menopause. The higher values for bone density in black women as compared with white women are caused by a higher peak bone mass and a slower rate of loss from skeletal sites comprised predominantly of trabecular bone. Low-risk strategies to enhance peak bone mass and to lower bone loss, such as calcium and vitamin D augmentation of the diet, should be examined for black women. The risk vs. benefits of hormonal replacement therapy should be determined, especially in older women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk for osteoporosis in black women (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Bone density ; Race ; Ethnicity ; Fracture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Models of involutional bone loss and strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis have been developed for white women. Black women have higher bone densities than white women, but as the black population ages there will be an increasingly higher population of black women with osteoporosis. Strategies should be developed to reduce the risk of black women for fragility fractures. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of the total body, femur, spine, and radius were performed on 503 healthy black and white women aged 20–80 years. Indices of bone turnover, the calcitrophic hormones, and radioisotope calcium absorption efficiency were also measured to compare the mechanisms of bone loss. The black women had higher BMD values at every site tested than the white women throughout the adult life cycle. Black women have a higher peak bone mass and a slightly slower rate of adult bone loss from the femur and spine, which are skeletal sites comprised predominantly of trabecular bone. Indices of bone turnover are lower in black women as are serum calcidiol levels and urinary calcium excretion. Serum calcitriol and parathyroid hormone levels are higher in black women and calcium absorption efficiency is the same in black and white women, but dietary calcium intake is lower in black women. Black and white women have a similar pattern of bone loss, with substantial bone loss from the femur and spine prior to menopause and an accelerated bone loss from the total skeleton and radius after menopause. The higher values for bone density in black women as compared with white women are caused by a higher peak bone mass and a slower rate of loss from skeletal sites comprised predominantly of trabecular bone. Low-risk strategies to enhance peak bone mass and to lower bone loss, such as calcium and vitamin D augmentation of the diet, should be examined for black women. The risk vs. benefits of hormonal replacement therapy should be determined, especially in older women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369203
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