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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elemental imaging of cartilage by scanning x-ray microscopy : Proceedings of the 4th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 588-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Elemental imaging via scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) and scanning fluorescence x-ray microscopy (SFXM) has been used to image calcium deposits in cartilage. In the case of STXM, 0.1 μm thick sections were imaged to investigate the proximity of calcium deposits in relation to chondrocyte cells. The resolution available was 0.5 μm, and field widths of up to 25 μm were used at this resolution. The resolution available in SFXM was 10 μm, and field widths of up to 2 mm were used at this resolution on 5-μm thick specimens. Together these techniques were used to map calcium deposits at the cellular level, and at the full tissue size level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143804
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of Plasmin on Cartilage Matrix in vivo (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 1402-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Lack and Rogers7 reported the liberation of chondroitin sulphate from cartilage in vitro by the blood protease, plasmin. They suggested that the rapid chondrolysis which occurs in joint infections by streptococci and staphylococci might be due to kinases produced by these organisms activating ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1911402a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric Analysis of Type I Collagen Fibrils in the Osteoid of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 390-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteogenesis imperfecta — Morphometry — Type I collagen — Collagen diameter.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Electron microscopy and morphometric measurements of bone osteoid collagen diameter from 42 osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients and 25 age- and site-matched controls were carried out. Although the mean diameter did not correlate well with the severity of the disease, it related well with the clinical types and revealed collagen fibrils of reduced diameter in the osteoid of all OI types. Thus, OI type II (the severest type) demonstrated the smallest diameter (45 nm), followed by OI type I (the mildest form) with a mean diameter of 57 nm. The diameter obtained for type III (67 nm) and type IV (64 nm) was lower than the normal control mean diameter (73 nm) but did not show a statistical difference. The thinner fibrils observed in OI bone may be unable to provide nucleating and scaffolding sites for mineral propagation and may play a role in the fragility of bone in this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900719
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycoprotein Excretion following the Injection of Papain into Rabbits (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 707-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In view, however, of the broad substrate specificity of papain2, it would be surprising if papain attack in vivo was restricted to chondromucoprotein. Several glyco-proteins (which contain sialic acid) act as papain substrates, while papain has been found to liberate glyco-proteins from reticulum ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/197707a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal Mineral Composition of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Bone as Determined by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis on Conventional and Cryosections (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteogenesis imperfecta — Abnormal mineral composition — Cryosections — Electron probe X-ray microanalysis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue characterized by frequent bone fractures. The cause of bone fragility is still unknown even though substantial work on collagen has been done. We measured the calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) of bone mineral from 35 OI bone samples and 25 age- and site-matched control specimens, using electron probe X-ray microanalysis in the transmission electron microscope. Ultra-thin cryosections and conventionally prepared resin sections were used. Cryo-ultramicrotomy avoids any possible artifactual demineralization that may occur in conventional aqueous media. The Ca/P ratio obtained by these two methods was compared and there was no statistical difference between them. The results were differentiated according to the clinical types of OI for the first time. The Ca/P ratio of OI bone mineral was lower than normal in both resin and cryosections, and mirrored the severity of the disease. OI type II had the lowest ratio (Ca/P = 1.49) compared with normal age- and site-matched controls (Ca/P = 1.69). This abnormal mineral composition in OI type II could be a contributory factor to bone fragility in OI bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005829
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural demonstration of glucose 6-phosphatase in cerebral cortex (1981)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 72 (1981), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A two-stage fixation technique has been developed to obtain morphological preservation and retention of glucose 6-phosphatase (G6-Pase) activity for its demonstration in rat cerebral cortex. The technique was then employed to localize the enzyme in the cortex where it produced a dense reaction over the well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in nerve cells and oligodendrocytes which contrasted with a thin reaction in astrocytes. Other membranous organelles showed no reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496785
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of rabbit epiphyseal chondrocytes in various stages of differentiation (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 393-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epiphyseal chondrocytes ; Differentiation ; Cell separation ; Cell culture ; Matrix synthesis ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Separation of fractions enriched in hypertrophic cells and proliferative cells has been achieved by density gradient centrifugation of cells from collagenase digests of rabbit epiphyseal cartilage. Concentrated suspensions of cells are centrifuged on a continuous Percoll density gradient. Hypertrophic cells remain in the upper part of the gradient and proliferative zone cells move to the lower regions. The resultant fractions show differences in mean cell diameter, alkaline phosphatase activity, morphology and synthetic activity in culture. Fractions rich in hypertrophic cells contain larger cells and more alkaline phosphatase activity than those enriched in proliferative cells. In culture the hypertrophic cells flatten as large irregular polygonal cells, whereas proliferative fractions form smaller spindle-shaped cells. In micromass culture hypertrophic fractions incorporate less 35S-sulphate and 14C-proline, and less tritiated thymidine than do proliferative fractions. These results suggest a general reduction in matrix and DNA synthesis with the attainment of the fully differentiated hypertrophic state, coincident with the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralisation of the cartilage matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225811
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of enzymes in reactive astrocytes: Clarification of astrocytic activity (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 14 (1982), S. 311-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enzymes in reactive astrocytes of the corebral cortex were examined at the ultrastructural level in an attempt to resolve some conflicting aspects of astrocytic activity. Correlations between morphological and enzyme changes after injury established that the apparent increase in oxidative enzyme activity was exclusively mitochondrial and not an artefactual reaction product resulting from anoxic cellular damage. Pronounced glucose-6-phosphatase activity within cisternae of an increased amount of the granular endoplasnie reticulum was related to increased glycogen. Further evidence from acid phosphatase activity indieated that astrocytes played a minimal role in phagocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01041223
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal and oligodendrocytic response to cortical injury: Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 16 (1984), S. 165-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A needle wound was made in the adult rat cerebral cortex. Responses of neurons and oligodendrocytes at the site of injury were followed over a period of 450 days and correlations made between morphological and enzyme cytochemical changes to clarify some phenomena previously unresolved. Evidence from acid phosphatase activity in degenerating neurons showed no increase in the number of cytochemically stained lysosomal profiles nor changes in the subcellular localization of the acid phosphatase reaction product. Our observations indicated that the majority of dying neurons were not digested by their own acid phosphatase ‘autodigestion’ but by the process of heterodigestion. The time-course study revealed that not all the traumatized neurons were eliminated but some persisted permanently in an attenuated ‘atrophic’ state. The atrophic neurons were small in size with low cytoplasmic-nuclear ratios and exhibited low levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase activities. The acid phosphatase activity was slightly increased as evidenced by cytochemically stained hypertrophic Golgi cisternae and a slight increase in the number of lysosomes. The low level of enzyme activities, concerned with carbohydrate metabolism reflected the low metabolic activity in atrophic neurons whilst an increase in Golgi-lysosomal enzyme activity suggested some anabolic process necessary for their survival. Oligodendrocytes displayed only minor changes in morphology, and their glucose-6-phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase activities were normal, suggesting that these cells have little or no involvement in the repair of a cerebral wound. The absence of significant changes in lysosomal acid phosphatase activity indicated a minimal role, if any, of oligodendrocytes in the process of phagocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01003547
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  • 10
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    Isolation and Characterization of Calcifying Matrix Vesicles from Epiphyseal Cartilage (1970)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1970-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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