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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Algorithms and computational complexity (1977)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 33 (1977), S. 5-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Computer programming was and, in many cases, still is an art rather than a science. Programs are often written without the benefit of any design theory, analysis techniques, or awareness of what others in the field have done. Recently, however, a systematic body of knowledge concerning the design, analysis, and implementation of computer algorithms has begun to emerge. This paper highlights some current developments in this field and shows how proper design techniques can lead to order-of-magnitude improvements in program performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739477000035
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the ultrastructure of intercellular space in pathologic and physiologic bone destruction (1968)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 2 (1968), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02065248
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual performance of the toad (Bufo bufo) at low light levels: retinal ganglion cell responses and prey-catching accuracy (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 671-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Visual sensitivity ; Visual latency ; Toad ; Bufo bufo ; Prey-catching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The accuracy of toad snapping towards moving worm dummies under various levels of dim illumination (from absolute threshold to “moonlight”) was videorecorded and related to spike responses of retinal ganglion cells exposed to equivalent stimuli. Some toads (at ca. 16 °C) successfully snapped at dummies that produced only one photoisomerization per 50 rods per second in the retina, in good agreement with thresholds of sensitive retinal ganglion cells. One factor underlying such high sensitivity is extensive temporal summation by the ganglion cells. This, however, is inevitably accompanied by very long response latencies (around 3 s near threshold), whereby the information reaching the brain shows the dummy in a position where it was several seconds earlier. Indeed, as the light was dimmed, snaps were displaced successively further to the rear of the dummy, finally missing it. The results in weak but clearly supra-threshold illumination indicate that snaps were aimed at the advancing head as seen by the brain, but landed further backwards in proportion to the retinal latency. Near absolute threshold, however, accuracy was “too good”, suggesting that the animal had recourse to a neural representation of the regularly moving dummies to correct for the slowness of vision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195393
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Visual Acuity of the Frog (Rana pipiens ) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 180 (1996), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Visual acuity  ;  Grating resolution  ;   Retinal ganglion cell density  ;  Frog Rana pipiens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The frog's visual acuity for gratings was tested with a two-choice prey-dummy setup. The two dummies had a constant position in the visual field, but in one of them a striped pattern was constantly drifting, while the other was a potentially less attention arousing dummy with non-moving stripes. The acuity was tested in bright white light and with different brightness levels of green light (500 nm). The highest acuity 2.8 cycles per degree was achieved with the maximum level of green light. When the brightness was lowered by six orders of magnitude the acuity fell to 0.7 cycles per degree. These behavioural acuities are compared with a theoretically calculated resolving power of the retinal ganglion cell array.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050023
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error detection in precedence parsers (1973)
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 7 (1973), S. 97-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We consider methods by which a precedence matrix may be modified without severely degrading the error-detecting capability of a parser utilizing the matrix. Two different definitions of “the same” error detection capability are considered. The first, called “exact equivalence”, permits only useless parts of the precedence matrix to be modified. The second, called simply “equivalence”, allows the modified matrix to perform some reductions, but never to shift an input symbol, after the original has detected an error. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a modified precedence parser to be equivalent or exactly equivalent to the canonical parser. We then consider the interesting case where the modification is caused by replacing the precedence matrix by linear precedence functions. A simple algorithm to find (if they exist) exactly equivalent linear precedence functions for a given precedence matrix is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01762230
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A general theory of translation (1969)
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 3 (1969), S. 193-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The concept of a translation is fundamental to any theory of compiling. Formally, atranslation is any set of pairs of words. Classes of finitely describable translations are considered in general, from the point of view of balloon automata [17, 18, 19]. A translation can be defined by atransducer, a device with an input tape and an output terminal. If, with inputx, the stringy appears at the output terminal, then (x, y) is in the translation defined by the transducer. One can also define a translation by a two input taperecognizer. Ifx andy are placed on the two tapes, the recognizer tells if (x, y) is in the defined translation. One can define closed classes of transducers and recognizers by: (1) restricting the way in which infinite storage may be used (pushdown structure, stack structure, etc.), (2) allowing the finite control to be nondeterministic or deterministic, (3) allowing one way or two way motion on the input tapes. We have some results on classes of translations which can be categorized roughly into three types. (a) Translations defined by certain classes of transducers and recognizers are equivalent. (b) Translations of a given class are sometimes closed under composition and decomposition with a finite memory translation (gsm mapping). (c) A nondeterministically defined translation can be expressed as the composition of a finitely defined translation and a related deterministically defined translation in many cases. In addition, ifC is a class of translations, then one can write a compiler-compiler to render any translationT inC and only if the following question is solvable: For any translationT inC and stringx, does there exist ay such that (x, y) is inT? We shall show that, in general, the decidability of this question is equivalent to the decidability of one or more questions from automata theory, depending upon the type of devices defining the classC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01703920
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizations and extensions of pushdown translations (1971)
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 5 (1971), S. 172-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A device called a pushdown assembler has been recently introduced and has been shown capable of defining exactly the syntax directed translations (SDT's). The output operation of the pushdown assembler can be extended in a natural way to obtain a more powerful device called a type B pushdown assembler (or B-machine). A B-machine can define SDT's more simply and directly than the original pushdown assembler. B-machines can also define many interesting translations which are not SDT's. In this paper the B-machine is defined and compared with the original pushdown assembler. The properties of B-machine translations are investigated and it is shown that, as with SDT's, there exists a natural infinite hierarchy of B-machine translations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01702875
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low retinal noise in animals with low body temperature allows high visual sensitivity (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 334 (1988), S. 348-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For the study of factors limiting the absolute sensitivity of vision, the toad Bufo bufo offers decisive advantages. First, it is a close relative of Bufo marinus, which has provided the best understanding of 'dark' rod events of any species5. Second, it is known to manage visually guided ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/334348a0
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  • 9
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    Enhanced H2 production in the aqueous-phase reforming of maltose by feedstock pre-hydrogenation (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0926-3373
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3883
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
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    High power GaInNAs superluminescent diodes emitting over 400 mW in the 1.2 μm wavelength range (2019)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-19
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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