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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 75 (1986), S. 81-95 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The climatic gradient in NW Africa is reflected in the vegetation by a series of distinct vegetation zones. Pollen and spores from this area are transported to the Atlantic mainly by the trades and the African Easterly Jet (Saharan Air Layer). Seven pollen assemblages have been defined in recent surface sediments from the eastern Atlantic offshore NW Africa, and their distribution in the marine sediments can be explained by their provenance, the timing of pollen release and pollen transport, and the major transport systems (winds) effective at that moment of the year. In this way the distribution of selected assemblages and taxa trace the positioning of the major wind belts.
    Abstract: Résumé Le gradient climatique dans le NW de l'Afrique se traduit par une succession de zones de végétation distinctes. Les pollens et les spores de cette région sont transportés jusque dans l'Atlantique par les alizés et l'«〉African easterly jet»〈 (Saharan Air Layer). Sept associations polliniques ont été définies dans des sédiments récents prélevés dans l'Atlantique au large de la côte NW de l'Afrique. Leur distribution est une conséquence de leur lieu de provenance, de la saison où le pollen est libéré et transporté et de la distribution des vents à cette période de l'année. De la sorte, la répartition des assemblages polliniques et des taxa fournit des indications sur l'organisation des courants aériens dominants.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Klimagradient NW Afrikas spiegelt sich in einer Reihe von Vegetationszonen wider. Pollenkörner und Sporen werden aus diesem Gebiet vor allem von dem Passat und dem «〉African Easterly Jet»〈 (Saharan Air Layer) zum Atlantik transportiert. Es werden sieben Gruppen von Pollentypen aus rezenten Oberflächensedimenten aus dem Atlantik vor der nordwestafrikanischen Küste unterschieden. Ihre Verbreitung im Meer kann durch ihre Herkunft, die Zeit der Pollenausschüttung und des Pollentransports, sowie durch das zur jeweiligen Zeit gerade wirksame Transportsystem (Winde) erklärt werden. Auf diese Weise gibt die Verbreitung ausgewählter Pollengruppen und Pollentaxa Hinweise für die Lage und Stärke der Hauptwindsysteme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 80 (1991), S. 567-589 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The areas of marine pollen deposition are related to the pollen source areas by aeolian and fluvial transport regimes, whereas wind transport is much more important than river transport. Pollen distribution patterns ofPinus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, and Asteraceae Tubuliflorae trace atmospheric transport by the northeast trades. Pollen transport by the African Easterly Jet is reflected in the pollen distribution patterns of Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae Tubuliflorae, andMitracarpus. Grass pollen distribution registers the latitudinal extension of Sahel, savannas and dry open forests. Marine pollen distribution patterns of Combretaceae-Melastomataceae,Alchornea, andElaeis reflect the extension of wooded grasslands and transitional forests. Pollen from the Guinean-Congolian/Zambezian forest and from the Sudanian/Guinean vegetation zones mark the northernmost extension of the tropical rain forest.Rhizophora pollen in marine sediments traces the distribution of mangrove swamps. Only near the continent, pollen ofRhizophora, Mitracarpus, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, and pollen from the Sudanian and Guinean vegetation zones are transported by the Upwelling Under Current and the Equatorial Under Current, where those currents act as bottom currents. The distribution of pollen in marine sediments, reflecting the position of major climatic zones (desert, dry tropics, humid tropics), can be used in tracing climatic changes in the past.
    Abstract: Résumé Les aires marines dans lesquelles se déposent les pollens sont en relation avec les aires continentales nourricières par l'intermédiaire des régimes de transport fluviatile et éolien, ce dernier jouant le rôle prépondérant. La distribution pollinique dePinus, Artenisia, des Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae et Asteraceae-Tuliliflorae reflète un transport aérien du nord-est. Le transport pollinique par l'African Easterly Jet se traduit dans la distribution pollinique des Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, des Asteraceae-Tubuliflorae et deMitrocarpus. La distribution des pollens de graminées enregistre l'extension en latitude du Sahel, de la savane et de la forêt claire. La distribution dans la mer des pollens de Combretaceae-Melastomatoceae, d'Alchornea et d'Elaeis traduit l'extension des savanes boisées et des forêts de transition. Les pollens provenant de la forêt guinéennecongolaise-zambésienne et des zones végétales du Soudan et de Guinée marquent la limite septentrionale de la forêt humide tropicale. Les pollens deRhizophora dans les sédiments marins dessinent la distribution des mangroves. Ce n'est qu'à proximité du continent que les pollen deRizophora, deMitracarpus, des Chenopodiceae-Amaranthaceae ainsi que les pollens originaires des zones végétales du Soudan et de Guinée sont transportés par l'«Upwelling Under Current» et l'«Equatorial Under Current», qui se comportent là comme courants de fond. La distribution des pollens dans les sédiments marins, reflétant la position des zones climatiques principales (désertique, tropicale sèche, tropicale humide) peut être utilisée dans les reconstitutions paléoclimatiques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vor der afrikanischen Küste zwischen Marokko und Kamerun gelangen Pollenkörner in die marinen Sedimente, die durch Wind oder mit dem Wasser von Flüssen herantransportiert worden sind. Dabei hat Windtransport eine größere Bedeutung als Flußtransport. Durch die Häufigkeit und Verbreitung der Pollenkörner (Isopollenkarten) vonPinus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae und den Asteraceae Tubuliflorae in den marinen Sedimenten wird gezeigt, daß der Transport in diesen Fällen durch den Nordost-Passat erfolgt und daß seine Transportleistung sehr groß ist. Die Transportwirkung des African Easterly Jet wird aus den Isopollenkarten für Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae Tubuliflorae undMitracarpus abgeleitet. Die Häufigkeit des Pollens von Gräsern hält sich eng an die Grenzen der Sahel-Zone, der Savannen sowie der offenen Trockenwälder und kann deswegen als Zeiger für die Lage dieser Vegetations- und Klimazonen verwendet werden. Die Lage der baumreichen Savannen und der Wälder im Übergang zum tropischen Regenwald spiegelt sich in der Häufigkeit der Pollenanteile von Combretaceae/Melastomataceae,Alchornea undElaeis wider. Die Nordgrenze tropischer Regenwälder kommt in den Isopollenkarten für die Häufigkeit der Arten guineisch-kongolesischer Baumarten sowie der Pflanzen der sudanischen und guineischen Vegetationszonen zum Ausdruck. Für die Verbreitung von Mangroven werden die Pollenanteile vonRhizophora herangezogen. Nahe der Küste kann der Pollen vonRhizophora, Mitracarpus, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae und von Arten der sudanischen und guineischen Vegetationszonen auch mit dem »Upwelling Under Current« und dem »Equatorial Under Current« transportiert werden, sofern diese als Bodenströme auftreten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Verteilung der Pollenkörner in marinen Sedimenten die Lage der wichtigsten Klimazonen (Wüsten, trockene und feuchte Tropen) widergibt und deswegen für paläoklimatische Untersuchungen angewendet werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1986-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1991-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: The areas of marine pollen deposition are related to the pollen source areas by aeolian and fluvial transport regimes, whereas wind transport is much more important than river transport. Pollen distribution patterns ofPinus, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, and Asteraceae Tubuliflorae trace atmospheric transport by the northeast trades. Pollen transport by the African Easterly Jet is reflected in the pollen distribution patterns of Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae Tubuliflorae, andMitracarpus. Grass pollen distribution registers the latitudinal extension of Sahel, savannas and dry open forests. Marine pollen distribution patterns of Combretaceae-Melastomataceae,Alchornea, andElaeis reflect the extension of wooded grasslands and transitional forests. Pollen from the Guinean-Congolian/Zambezian forest and from the Sudanian/Guinean vegetation zones mark the northernmost extension of the tropical rain forest.Rhizophora pollen in marine sediments traces the distribution of mangrove swamps. Only near the continent, pollen ofRhizophora, Mitracarpus, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, and pollen from the Sudanian and Guinean vegetation zones are transported by the Upwelling Under Current and the Equatorial Under Current, where those currents act as bottom currents. The distribution of pollen in marine sediments, reflecting the position of major climatic zones (desert, dry tropics, humid tropics), can be used in tracing climatic changes in the past.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-08-01
    Description: Over 100 samples of recent surface sediments from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean offshore of NW Africa between 34° and 6° N have been analysed palynologically. The objective of this study was to reveal the relation between source areas, transport systems, and resulting distribution patterns of pollen and spores in marine sediments off NW Africa, in order to lay a sound foundation for the interpretation of pollen records of marine cores from this area. The clear zonation of the NW-African vegetation (due to the distinct climatic gradient) is helpful in determining main source areas, and the presence of some major wind belts facilitates the registration of the average course of wind trajectories. The present circulation pattern is driven by the intertropical front (ITCZ) which shifts over the continent between c. 22° N (summer position) and c. 4° N (winter position) in the course of the year. Determination of the period of main pollen release and the average atmospheric circulation pattern effective at that time of the year is of prime importance. The distribution patterns in recent marine sediments of pollen of a series of genera and families appear to record climatological/ecological variables, such as the trajectory of the NE trade, January trades, African Easterly Jet (Saharan Air Layer), the northernmost and southernmost positions of the intertropical convergence zone, and the extent and latitudinal situation of the NW-African vegetation belts. Pollen analysis of a series of dated deep-sea cores taken between c. 35° N and the equator off NW Africa enable the construction of palaeo-distribution maps for time slices of the past, forming a register of palaeoclimatological/palaeoecological information.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Age, comment; Age model; Age model, SPECMAP chronology, Imbrie et al. (1984); Atlantic Ocean; DEPTH, sediment/rock; GEOTROPEX 83, NOAMP I; GIK16416-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65; Meteor (1964); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; GEOTROPEX 83, NOAMP I; GIK16415-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65; Meteor (1964); Pollen, total; SL; Volume
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 210 data points
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hooghiemstra, Henry; Agwu, Chiori O C (1988): Changes in the vegetation and trade winds in equatorial Northwest Africa 140,000-70,000 yr BP, as deduced from two marine pollen records. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 66(3-4), 173-213, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(88)90199-X
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: The deep-sea cores M 16415-2 and M 16416-2 at about 9°N off Sierra Leone were analysed palynologically for the time interval 140,000-70,000 yr B.P. Results were presented in absolute (pollen concentration and pollen influx) and relative diagrams (pollen percentage). In a previous study it was evidenced that in northwest Africa pollen is mainly transported to the Atlantic by wind, so that the efficiency of aeolian pollen transport (pollen flux) could be used to evaluate changes in the intensity of the northeast trade winds. The glacial episodes (represented by the oxygen isotope stages 6 and 4) are characterized by strong northeast trade winds, whereas the last interglacial (stage 5) is characterized by weak trade winds. The pollen influx diagram shows that the intensity of the trade winds increased slightly during the relatively cool intervals of stage 5 (viz. 5.4 and 5.2). Tropical forest had maximally expanded around 124,000 yr B.P. (stage 5.5), around 98,000 yr B.P. (transition of stage 5.3 to 5.2), and around 70,000 yr B.P. (first part of stage 4): an increasing delay of the response of tropical forest to global intervals with maximum temperature is apparent during the last interglacial. As tropical forests need continuous humidity, the record of tropical forest monitors changes in climatic humidity south of the Sahara. During the last interglacial, the southern boundary of the Sahara shifted only little: expansions and contractions of the tropical forest area are correlated with contra-oscillations of the grass-dominated savanna zone. Great latitudinal shifts of the desert savanna boundary, on the contrary, occurred during the penultimate glacial interglacial transition (around 128,000 yr B.P.) to the north, and during the last interglacial-glacial transition (around 65,000 yr B.P.) to the south.
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; GEOTROPEX 83, NOAMP I; GIK16415-2; GIK16416-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65; Meteor (1964); SL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 7 datasets
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; GEOTROPEX 83, NOAMP I; GIK16416-2; Gravity corer (Kiel type); M65; Meteor (1964); Pollen, total; SL; Volume
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 145 data points
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