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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of incorporation of crop straw residues on the yield of mustard and wheat (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of incorporating straw of Vigna radiata L. (moong) into the soil at 3.2 t ha-1 on the grain yields of mustard and wheat was investigated with and without 0, 50 and 100% of optimum levels of fertilizers (100 kg N + 50 kg P2O3 ha-1 for mustard and 125 kg N + 62.5 kg P2O3+ 30 kg k2O ha-1 for wheat). In the two-year field experiment, the incorporation of moong residue reduced the grain yield of mustard by 24 to 31% and wheat by 13 to 17%. This adverse effect was, however, diminished with the application of fertilizers. It was concluded that management of crop residues is possible without any adverse effect on the subsequent crop yield when incorporated with adequate levels of N and P fertilizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1986.tb00670.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization and denitrification in upland, nearly saturated and flooded subtropical soil I. Effect of nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 162-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Denitrification ; N mineralization ; Semiarid subtropical soils ; Flooded rice systems ; Nearly saturated rice systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of fertilizer N applied through nitrate and ammoniacal sources on the availability of nitrate, supply of C, and gaseous N losses via denitrification (using acetylene inhibition technique) in a semiarid subtropical soil (Typic Ustochrepts) was investigated in a growth chamber simulating upland [60% water-filled pore space (WFPS)], nearly saturated (90% WFPS), and flooded (120% WFPS) conditions. The rate of denitrification was very low in the upland soil conditions, irrespective of fertilizer N treatments. Increasing water content to nearly saturated and flooded conditions resulted in four- to sixfold higher rates of denitrification within 2 days, suggesting that the denitrifying activity commences quickly. Results of this study reveal that (1) under restricted aeration, these soils could support high rates of denitrification (∼6 mg N kg–1 day–1) for short periods when nitrate is present; (2) application of fertilizer N as nitrate enhances N losses via denitrification (∼10 mg N kg–1 day–1) – however, the supply of available C determines the intensity and duration of denitrification; (3) when fertilizer N is applied as an ammoniacal form, nitrification proceeds slowly and nitrate availability limits denitrification in flooded soil; (4) the nearly saturated soil, being partially aerobic, supported greater nitrification of applied ammoniacal fertilizer N than flooded soil resulting in higher relative rates of denitrification; and (5) under aerobic soil conditions, 26 mg mineral N kg–1 accumulated in control soil over a 16-day period, demonstrating a modest capacity of such semiarid subtropical soils, low in organic matter, to supply N to growing plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050640
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization and denitrification in upland, nearly saturated and flooded subtropical soil II. Effect of organic manures varying in N content and C:N ratio (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Denitrification ; N mineralization ; Semiarid subtropical soils ; Flooded rice systems ; Water regime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Nitrogen and carbon mineralization of cattle manure (N=6 g kg–1; C:N=35), pressmud (N=17.4 g kg–1; C:N=22), green manure (N=26.8 g kg–1; C:N=14) and poultry manure (N=19.5 g kg–1; C:N=12) and their influence on gaseous N losses via denitrification (using the acetylene inhibition technique) in a semiarid subtropical soil (Typic Ustochrepts) were investigated in a growth chamber simulating upland, nearly saturated, and flooded conditions. Mineralization of N started quickly in all manures, except pressmud where immobilization of soil mineral N was observed for an initial 4 days. Accumulation of mineral N in upland soil plus denitrified N revealed that mineralization of cattle manure-, pressmud-, poultry manure- and green manure-N over 16 days was 12, 20, 29 and 44%, respectively, and was inversely related to C:N ratio (R 2=0.703, P=0.05) and directly to N content of organic manure (R 2=0.964, P=0.01). Manure-C mineralized over 16 days ranged from 6% to 50% in different manures added to soil under different moisture regimes and was, in general, inversely related to initial C:N ratio of manure (R 2=0.690, P=0.05). Cumulative denitrification losses over 16 days in control soils (without manure) under upland, nearly saturated, and flooded conditions were 5, 23, and 24 mg N kg–1, respectively. Incorporation of manures enhanced denitrification losses by 60-82% in upland, 52–163% in nearly saturated, and 26–107% in flooded soil conditions over a 16-day period, demonstrating that mineralized N and C from added manures could result in 2- to 3-fold higher rate of denitrification. Cumulative denitrification losses were maximal with green manure, followed by poultry manure, pressmud and cattle manure showing an increase in denitrification with increasing N content and decreasing C:N ratio of manure. Manure-amended nearly saturated soils supported 14–35% greater denitrification than flooded soils due to greater mineralization and supply of C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050641
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of rice plants in regulating mechanisms of methane missions (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 20-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Methane production ; Methane oxidation ; Methane emission ; Rice fields ; Plant-mediated gas transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Rice plants play a pivotal role in different levels of the methane (CH4) budget of rice fields. CH4 production in rice fields largely depends on plant-borne material that can be either decaying tissue or root exudates. The quantity and quality of root exudates is affected by mechanical impedance, presence of toxic elements, nutrient deficiencies, water status of growing medium, and nitrogenase activity in the rhizosphere. CH4 oxidation in rice fields is localized in the rhizosphere where the concentration gradients of CH4 and oxygen overlap. CH4 oxidation capacity is a function of the downward transport of oxygen through the aerenchyma, which, in turn, also acts as a conduit for CH4 from the soil to the atmosphere. The decisive step in the passage of CH4 through rice plant is the transition from root to stem. However, rice plants show an enormous variety of morphological and physiological properties, including differences in root exudation and gas transfer capacity. Comparative studies on different cultivars are deemed crucial for accomplishing a better understanding of the mechanisms of CH4 consumption in the rhizosphere and CH4 transport through the rice plant as well as the interaction of these processes. The results of such studies are considered tools for devising mitigation options.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050619
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformations of residual fertilizer P in a semi-arid tropical soil under eight-year peanut-wheat rotation (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Long term experiment ; transformations of residual phosphorus ; labile and stable P ; microbial P ; organic P
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Long-term transformations of residual phosphorus (P) governs the availability of phosphorus to crops. Very limited information is available on the transformations of residual fertilizer P in semi-arid tropical soils under long-term crop rotations. Therefore, using sequential phosphorus fractionation procedure, we studied changes in labile and stable forms of inorganic and organic P in a semi-arid alluvial soil (Typic Ustisamments) after eight years of annual fertilizer P application either to one crop (alternate) or to both crops (cumulative) in a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) — wheat (Triticum aestivum) rotation. Total residual fertilizer P in soil (P recovered from P-fertilized minus control plots) ranged from 62 to 176 mg P kg−1. In the alternate P treatments (P applied to peanut or wheat only), on an average of 3 rates of applied P (13, 26 and 39 kg P ha−1), in surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (15 to 30 cm) soil, respectively, residual fertilizer P consisted of 14.8 and 2.2% resin-P, 8.6 and 2.8% NaHCO3-P, 6.3 and 0% microbial-P, 31.4 and 4.2% NaOH-P, 7.8 and 3.0% aggregate protected-P, 12.5 and 3.0% HCl-P, 3.4 and 0% H2SO4-P. The corresponding values for surface and subsurface soils of cumulative P treatments (P applied to both peanut and wheat) were: 12.8 and 1.6% resin-P, 6.9 and 2.3% NaHCO3-P, 4.7 and 0% microbial-P, 32.5 and 4.2% NaOH-P, 5.6 and 2.0% aggregate protected-P, 14.8 and 3.8% HCl-P, 6.7 and 2.1% H2SO4-P. Considerable lower values for the 15–30 cm depth indicate only a very small movement of residual P to the subsoil. Significantly lower amount of fertilizer P (28% and 44%) found in labile (resin, NaHCO3 and microbial P) and semi-labile (NaOH and sonicated NaOH P) fractions for the cumulative P treatment than alternate P treatment (35 and 46%, respectively) suggests that increased rates and frequency of applied P tend to enhance the conversion of residual P to stable forms which are less available to plants. About 12 to 19% of residual fertilizer P found as organic P in labile and semi-labile forms confirmed that organic P increased with long-term fertilizer management. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that the alternate application of fertilizer P to a crop, as is shown for wheat, helps reduce the transformations of residual P to stable P forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048953
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of sulphur fertilization on the nitrogen-sulphur relationships in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Pers.) (1976)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 45 (1976), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Distribution of different nitrogen and sulphur fractions and N:S ratios in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Pers.) without and with S fertilization has been studied with a green house experiment. With increasing rates of applied S, the concentrations of total N, protein N, total S, protein S and total soluble S in the plant increased but those of non-protein N fractions (total soluble N, amino acid N, amide N, nitrate N) decreased. Thus the adequate supply of S in alfalfa increases the protein synthesis by accelerating protein metabolism. Sulphur application narrowed total N:total S ratios and widened protein N:protein S ratios. The data indicate that one part sulphur was required for every 11 to 12 parts of nitrogen to insure maximum production of protein. re]19750305
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011130
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction effect of calcium and sulphur on the growth and nutrient composition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. pers.), using35S (1978)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 50 (1978), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a pot culture experiment, application of S or Ca alone increased dry matter production, S content and total S removal per pot. With graded levels of applied S, the S in plant derived from the fertilizer as well as from the native soil source increased. Ca content in alfalfa increased with successive levels of applied Ca. A positive significant interaction was found between Ca and S; with increase in level of Ca from 0 to 25 ppm in presence of various S levels, the total S content and its removal, N content and utilization of fertilizer S continued to increase and at 50 ppm Ca, this effect was lost. A combination of 25 ppm Ca and 20 ppm S produced maximum efficiency of applied S with a constant N ∶ S ratio of 11 ∶ 1 in the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02107162
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction effect of calcium and sulphur on the growth and nutrient composition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. pers.), using35S (1978)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 50 (1978), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a pot culture experiment, application of S or Ca alone increased dry matter production, S content and total S removal per pot. With graded levels of applied S, the S in plant derived from the fertilizer as well as from the native soil source increased. Ca content in alfalfa increased with successive levels of applied Ca. A positive significant interaction was found between Ca and S; with increase in level of Ca from 0 to 25 ppm in presence of various S levels, the total S content and its removal, N content and utilization of fertilizer S continued to increase and at 50 ppm Ca, this effect was lost. A combination of 25 ppm Ca and 20 ppm S produced maximum efficiency of applied S with a constant N ∶ S ratio of 11 ∶ 1 in the plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02107162
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field studies on gaseous nitrogen losses from soils under continuous wheat versus a wheat-fallow rotation (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene inhibition technique ; Denitrifier counts ; Dinitrogen ; Nitrous oxide ; Potential denitrification rates ; 15N balance sheet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field studies were conducted over a period of two years (April to November inclusive) to assess gaseous losses of nitrogen (N2O+N2) using the acetylene inhibition technique from two Black Chernozemic soils (Hoey cl and Hamlin cl) under continuous wheat (W-W) and wheat-summerfallow (W-F) rotations. Gaseous N losses from cropped fields were very low in both years ranging from 2 to 3 kg N.ha−1.yr−1; up to 60% of this nitrogen was generally lost during the early spring period (April to May). Losses of N from the W-F rotation were two to five times higher than from the continuous wheat rotation. The contribution of lower soil horizons towards gaseous N losses was negligible; the marked decrease in N2O flux with soil depth followed similar decreasing patterns of organic carbon, denitrifier counts and potential denitrification rates. 15N-labelled balance studies were carried out on microplots established on the same two sites during the 1981 growing season. Cumulative nitrogen losses measured during the period May 26 to August 31 using the acetylene technique were 1.8±0.7 and 1.2±0.3 kg N.ha−1 at the Hoey and Hamlin sites, respectively. These results agree closely with the amount of nitrogen which could not be accounted for in the N balance studies (2.3±3.1 and 1.2±2.1 kg N.ha−1, respectively). While the acetylene technique is highly labour intensive, these studies indicate it has an advantage over the15N balance approach, namely, the capability to assess short-term response of denitrification to rainfall events in particular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02178610
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction effect of sulphur and phosphorus on growth and nutrient content of moong (Phaseolus aureus L.) (1977)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 47 (1977), S. 341-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Sulphur-phosphorus interaction has been studied in a greenhouse experiment on a soil, deficient both in S and P with moong (Phaseolus aureus) as the test crop. The treatments were in the factorial combination of five levels of S and P (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 ppm) applied as CaSO4. 2H2O and Ca(H2PO4)2. H2O respectively. A uniform treatment of N and K was made. The yield of vegetative tissues and grains increased with the application of S and P individually but decreased when S and P were applied in different combinations. Sulphur application increased S content but decreased P content in straw as well as in grains. Total P content increased with applied P and decreased with S application. Applied sulphur increased and phosphorus decreased the protein content in moong grains. Changes in N:S ratio in interaction was found to exist between S and P on the yield, grain quality, concentration and total removal of sulphur and phosphorus by Moong crop The antagonistic effect of sulphur and phosphorus fertilizer on the uptake and utilization of each other was more conspicuous when they were applied together. re]19760106
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011493
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