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  • 1
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    When kin correlations are not squared (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouchard, T J -- Lykken, D T -- McGue, M -- Segal, N -- Tellegen, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 14;250(4987):1498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2274774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Twins, Monozygotic/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Sources of human psychological differences: the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-12
    Description: Since 1979, a continuing study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, separated in infancy and reared apart, has subjected more than 100 sets of reared-apart twins or triplets to a week of intensive psychological and physiological assessment. Like the prior, smaller studies of monozygotic twins reared apart, about 70% of the variance in IQ was found to be associated with genetic variation. On multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupational and leisure-time interests, and social attitudes, monozygotic twins reared apart are about as similar as are monozygotic twins reared together. These findings extend and support those from numerous other twin, family, and adoption studies. It is a plausible hypothesis that genetic differences affect psychological differences largely indirectly, by influencing the effective environment of the developing child. This evidence for the strong heritability of most psychological traits, sensibly construed, does not detract from the value or importance of parenting, education, and other propaedeutic interventions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouchard, T J Jr -- Lykken, D T -- McGue, M -- Segal, N L -- Tellegen, A -- AG06886/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH37860/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):223-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Anthropometry ; Child ; *Child Rearing ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Minnesota ; Personality ; Phenotype ; Twins/*psychology ; Twins, Dizygotic/psychology ; Twins, Monozygotic/psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does contact lead to similarity or similarity to contact? (1990)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 20 (1990), S. 547-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: monozygotic (MZ) twins ; shared experience ; personality ; twin closeness ; recruitment bias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence from the Finnish Twin Registry (e.g., Rose et al., 1988) shows that adult monozygotic (MZ) twins are more similar, within pairs, in personality if the cotwins are presently cohabiting or in frequent contact than if they are seldom in contact. Results of a follow-up study led Kaprio et al. (1990) to conclude that “changes in social contact between monozygotic cotwins precede (and causally contribute to) changes in their intrapair similarity” (p. 9). If true, this conclusion has important theoretical implications, e.g., many heritability estimates would have to be revised downward. We adduce evidence suggesting that similarity leads to contact, rather than the other way around. Low correlations between twins' frequency of contact and their absolute within-pair difference on all traits thus far studied indicates that, whichever the direction of causality, the relationship between MZ within-pair similarity and their frequency of contact is very weak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065871
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recruitment bias in twin research: The rule of two-thirds reconsidered (1987)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 17 (1987), S. 343-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: recruitment bias ; twin studies ; twin similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A review of recent studies of adult volunteer twins confirms an earlier report that, in such studies, male and dizygotic twin pairs are underre-presented. The Martin and Wilson [(1982). Behav. Genet.12:467–472] model of recruitment bias assumes that individuals who are twins respond to recruitment in the same way that singletons do. It is argued that twins recruited for twin studies may be influenced by additional factors, and evidence in support of this view is presented. The consequences of the augmented model. illustrated by Monte Carlo methods, suggests the following conclusions: (1) recruitment bias can have unpredictable and sometimes large effects in the form of under- or, more likely, overestimation of the true twin correlations; (2) these effects will tend to be larger among dizygotic, than among monozygotic, twins; and (3) differential recruitment bias is likely to be accompanied by monozygotic (MZ): dizygotic (DZ) differences in the total variance of the traits measured. Showing that the dependent variable has as large a variance in the twin sample as in the reference population, or that the means and variances of the MZ and DZ samples are similar, provides considerable reassurance that the sample statistics may be representative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01068136
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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