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  • 1
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    Evolution of late Cenozoic magmatism and the crust-mantle structure in the NE Japan Arc (2013)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-26
    Description: We review the evolution of late Cenozoic magmatism in the NE Japan arc, and examine the relationship between the magmatism and the crust–mantle structure. Recent studies reveal secular changes in the mode of magmatic activity, the magma plumbing system, erupted volumes and magmatic composition associated with the evolution of crust–mantle structures related to the tectonic evolution of the arc. The evolution of Cenozoic magmatism in the arc can be divided into three periods: the continental margin (66–21 Ma), the back-arc basin (21–13.5 Ma) and the island-arc period (13.5–0 Ma). Magmatic evolution in the back-arc basin and the island-arc periods appears to be related to the 2D to 3D change in the convection pattern of the mantle wedge related to the asthenosphere upwelling and subsequent cooling of the mantle. Geodynamic changes in the mantle caused back-arc basin basalt eruptions during the back-arc basin opening (basalt phase) followed by crustal heating and re-melting, which generated many felsic plutons and calderas (rhyolite/granite phase) in the early stage of the island-arc period. This was followed by crustal cooling and strong compression, which ensured vent connections and mixing between deeper mafic and shallower felsic magmas, erupting large volumes of Quaternary andesites (andesite phase).
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 2
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    Evaluation of molten area in micro-welding of monocrystalline silicon and glass (2016)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-03
    Description: Characteristics of the molten area in micro-welding of monocrystalline silicon and glass are described. In this study, 4 types of laser beam, which are nanosecond pulsed laser and picosecond pulsed laser of 532 nm and 1064 nm in wavelength were used for joining monocrystalline silicon and glass. Influence of wavelength and pulse duration on microwelding of monocrystalline silicon and glass was experimentally investigated under the same spot diameter, and the molten area of monocrystalline silicon and glass was characterized. A splash area of molten silicon with 532 nm wavelength was wider than that with 1064 nm in a nanosecond pulse laser. However, its splash area of molten silicon with 1064 nm changed drastically at certain pulse energy of 11 μJ in a nanosecond pulse laser. On the other hand, 12.5 ps pulsed laser still kept a stable molten area appearance even at pulse energy of 11 μJ. A splash area of molten silicon around the weld bead line was obvious in the nanosecond pulse...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Spatially heterogeneous stress field in the source area of the 2011 Mw 6.6 Fukushima-Hamadori earthquake, NE Japan, probably caused by static stress change (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-26
    Description: In order to know whether principal stress orientations in the source area rotated after the 2011 April 11 M w 6.6 Fukushima-Hamadori earthquake in NE Japan, we investigated detailed spatial distributions of stress orientations for both the pre- and post-main shock periods using a large amount of focal mechanism data. We applied stress tensor inversions to focal mechanism data from Japan's National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention's F-net broadband seismic network and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The 3 -axes estimated for the pre-main shock period are predominantly oriented WSW–ENE, and are relatively homogeneously in space. In contrast, the orientations of the 3 -axes show a significantly heterogeneous distribution in space for the post-main shock period. In the northern subarea of the focal region, the 3 -axes are oriented NW–SE. In the east and west portions of the central subarea, they are oriented NNW–SSE and WNW–ESE, respectively, almost perpendicular to each other. In the southern subarea, the 3 -axes are oriented WSW–ENE. On the whole, the 3 -axis orientations show concentric circle-like distribution surrounding the large slip area of the M w M w 6.6 main shock rupture. The change of principal stress axis orientations after the earthquake is not significant because of the sparse data set for the pre-main shock period. We calculated static stress changes from the M w 6.6 main shock and three M w 〉 5.5 earthquakes to compare with the observed stress axis orientations in the post-main shock period. The 3 -axis orientations of the calculated total static stress change show a concentric circle-like distribution surrounding the large slip area of the main shock, similar to that noted above. This observation strongly suggests that the spatially heterogeneous stress orientations in the post-main shock period were caused by the static stress change from the M w 6.6 main shock and other large earthquakes. In order to estimate the differential stress magnitude in the focal area, we calculated deviatoric stress tensors in the post-main shock period by assuming that they are the sum of the deviatoric stress tensors in the pre-main shock period and the static stress changes. Comparison of the calculated and observed stress tensors revealed differential stress magnitudes of 2–30 MPa that explain the observed stress orientations, considering the probable range of estimated stress ratios in the pre-main shock period.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 4
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    Spatially heterogeneous stress field in the source area of the 2011 Mw 6.6 Fukushima-Hamadori earthquake, NE Japan, probably caused by static stress change (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-29
    Description: In order to know whether principal stress orientations in the source area rotated after the 2011 April 11 M w 6.6 Fukushima-Hamadori earthquake in NE Japan, we investigated detailed spatial distributions of stress orientations for both the pre- and post-main shock periods using a large amount of focal mechanism data. We applied stress tensor inversions to focal mechanism data from Japan's National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention's F-net broadband seismic network and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The 3 -axes estimated for the pre-main shock period are predominantly oriented WSW–ENE, and are relatively homogeneously in space. In contrast, the orientations of the 3 -axes show a significantly heterogeneous distribution in space for the post-main shock period. In the northern subarea of the focal region, the 3 -axes are oriented NW–SE. In the east and west portions of the central subarea, they are oriented NNW–SSE and WNW–ESE, respectively, almost perpendicular to each other. In the southern subarea, the 3 -axes are oriented WSW–ENE. On the whole, the 3 -axis orientations show concentric circle-like distribution surrounding the large slip area of the M w M w 6.6 main shock rupture. The change of principal stress axis orientations after the earthquake is not significant because of the sparse data set for the pre-main shock period. We calculated static stress changes from the M w 6.6 main shock and three M w 〉 5.5 earthquakes to compare with the observed stress axis orientations in the post-main shock period. The 3 -axis orientations of the calculated total static stress change show a concentric circle-like distribution surrounding the large slip area of the main shock, similar to that noted above. This observation strongly suggests that the spatially heterogeneous stress orientations in the post-main shock period were caused by the static stress change from the M w 6.6 main shock and other large earthquakes. In order to estimate the differential stress magnitude in the focal area, we calculated deviatoric stress tensors in the post-main shock period by assuming that they are the sum of the deviatoric stress tensors in the pre-main shock period and the static stress changes. Comparison of the calculated and observed stress tensors revealed differential stress magnitudes of 2–30 MPa that explain the observed stress orientations, considering the probable range of estimated stress ratios in the pre-main shock period.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 5
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    Electric-field effects on magnetic anisotropy and damping constant in Ta/CoFeB/MgO investigated by ferromagnetic resonance (2014)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-09
    Description: We investigate electric-field effects on the effective magnetic anisotropy energy density K eff and the Gilbert damping constant α in Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures with CoFeB thickness t ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 nm by ferromagnetic resonance. The electric field-induced modulation ratio of the areal energy density K eff t does not depend on the CoFeB thickness, indicating that the electric-field effect on the magnetic anisotropy originates from the modulation of CoFeB/MgO-interfacial magnetic anisotropy. A clear electric-field modulation of α is observed for the structure with t  = 1.4 nm, and almost no modulation for the structures with t  ≥ 1.5 nm.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 6
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    Heterogeneous stress field in the source area of the 2003 M6.4 Northern Miyagi Prefecture, NE Japan, earthquake (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-22
    Description: We investigated a detailed spatial distribution of principal stress axis orientations in the source area of the 2003 M6.4 Northern Miyagi Prefecture earthquake that occurred in the forearc of northeastern Japan. Aftershock hypocentres were precisely relocated by applying the double difference method to arrival time data obtained at temporary stations as well as at surrounding routine stations. We picked many P -wave polarity data from seismograms at these stations, which enabled us to obtain 312 well-determined focal mechanism solutions. Stress tensor inversions were performed by using these focal mechanism data. The results show that quite a lot of focal mechanisms are difficult to explain by the uniform stress field, especially near the large slip area of the main-shock rupture. Stress tensor inversions at the location of individual earthquakes show that 1 axes are orientated mainly to WSW–ENE in the northern part of the source area, while they are oriented to NW–SE in the southern part. This spatial pattern is roughly similar to those of the static stress change by the main shock, which suggests that the observed spatially heterogeneous stress field was formed by the static stress change. If this is the case, the deviatoric stress magnitude before the main shock was very small. Another possibility is the heterogeneous stress field observed after the main shock had existed even before the main shock, although we do not know why it was formed. Unfavourable orientation of the main shock fault with respect to this stress field suggests that the fault is not strong in this case too.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
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    Lack of N regions in antigen receptor variable region genes of TdT-deficient lymphocytes (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: During the assembly of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor variable region genes from variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) segments, the germline-encoded repertoire is further diversified by processes that include the template-independent addition of nucleotides (N regions) at gene segment junctions. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-deficient lymphocytes had no N regions in their variable region genes, which shows that TdT is responsible for N region addition. In addition, certain variable region genes appeared at increased frequency in TdT-deficient thymocytes, which indicates that N region addition also influences repertoire development by alleviating sequence-specific constraints imposed on the joining of particular V, D, and J segments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Komori, T -- Okada, A -- Stewart, V -- Alt, F W -- AI20047/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1171-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/*metabolism ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/enzymology/*immunology ; VDJ Recombinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    IFN/ATf6-signaling pathway [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-27
    Description: The IFN family of cytokines operates a frontline defense against pathogens and neoplastic cells in vivo by controlling the expression of several genes. The death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), an IFN-γ–induced enzyme, controls cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and tumor metastasis, and its expression is frequently down-regulated in a number of human tumors. Although the biochemical action of DAPK1 is well understood, mechanisms that regulate its expression are unclear. Previously, we have shown that transcription factor C/EBP-β is required for the basal and IFN-γ–induced expression of DAPK1. Here, we show that ATF6, an ER stress-induced transcription factor, interacts with C/EBP-β in an IFN-stimulated manner and is obligatory for Dapk1 expression. IFN-stimulated proteolytic processing of ATF6 and ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of C/EBP-β are necessary for these interactions. More importantly, IFN-γ failed to activate autophagic response in cells lacking either ATF6 or C/EBP-β. Consistent with these observations, the Atf6−/− mice were highly susceptible to lethal bacterial infections compared with the wild-type mice. These studies not only unravel an IFN signaling pathway that controls cell growth and antibacterial defense, but also expand the role of ATF6 beyond ER stress.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Genome-wide association analysis of red blood cell traits in African Americans: the COGENT Network (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Laboratory red blood cell (RBC) measurements are clinically important, heritable and differ among ethnic groups. To identify genetic variants that contribute to RBC phenotypes in African Americans (AAs), we conducted a genome-wide association study in up to ~16 500 AAs. The alpha-globin locus on chromosome 16pter [lead SNP rs13335629 in ITFG3 gene; P 〈 1E–13 for hemoglobin (Hgb), RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MCH and MCHC] and the G6PD locus on Xq28 [lead SNP rs1050828; P 〈 1E – 13 for Hgb, hematocrit (Hct), MCV, RBC count and red cell distribution width (RDW)] were each associated with multiple RBC traits. At the alpha-globin region, both the common African 3.7 kb deletion and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) appear to contribute independently to RBC phenotypes among AAs. In the 2p21 region, we identified a novel variant of PRKCE distinctly associated with Hct in AAs. In a genome-wide admixture mapping scan, local European ancestry at the 6p22 region containing HFE and LRRC16A was associated with higher Hgb. LRRC16A has been previously associated with the platelet count and mean platelet volume in AAs, but not with Hgb. Finally, we extended to AAs the findings of association of erythrocyte traits with several loci previously reported in Europeans and/or Asians, including CD164 and HBS1L-MYB . In summary, this large-scale genome-wide analysis in AAs has extended the importance of several RBC-associated genetic loci to AAs and identified allelic heterogeneity and pleiotropy at several previously known genetic loci associated with blood cell traits in AAs.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Angular distribution of $γ$ rays from neutron-induced compound states of $^{140}\mathrm{La}$ (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-28
    Description: Author(s): T. Okudaira, S. Takada, K. Hirota, A. Kimura, M. Kitaguchi, J. Koga, K. Nagamoto, T. Nakao, A. Okada, K. Sakai, H. M. Shimizu, T. Yamamoto, and T. Yoshioka The angular distribution of individual γ rays, emitted from a neutron-induced compound-nuclear state via radiative capture reaction of La 139 ( n , γ ) has been studied as a function of incident neutron energy in the epithermal region by using germanium detectors. An asymmetry A LH was defined as ( N L − N H ) / ( ... [Phys. Rev. C 97, 034622] Published Tue Mar 27, 2018
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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