Publication Date:
2015-03-15
Description:
Research suggesting that political conservatives are happier than political liberals has relied exclusively on self-report measures of subjective well-being. We show that this finding is fully mediated by conservatives' self-enhancing style of self-report (study 1; N = 1433) and then describe three studies drawing from "big data" sources to assess liberal-conservative differences in happiness-related behavior (studies 2 to 4; N = 4936). Relative to conservatives, liberals more frequently used positive emotional language in their speech and smiled more intensely and genuinely in photographs. Our results were consistent across large samples of online survey takers, U.S. politicians, Twitter users, and LinkedIn users. Our findings illustrate the nuanced relationship between political ideology, self-enhancement, and happiness and illuminate the contradictory ways that happiness differences can manifest across behavior and self-reports.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wojcik, Sean P -- Hovasapian, Arpine -- Graham, Jesse -- Motyl, Matt -- Ditto, Peter H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1243-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1260817.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. swojcik@uci.edu phditto@uci.edu. ; Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. ; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, CA 90089, USA. ; University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25766233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Adult
;
Emotions
;
Facial Expression
;
Female
;
*Happiness
;
Humans
;
Language
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
*Politics
;
Self Report
;
*Self-Assessment
;
United States
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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