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  • 1
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    Isotopically enhanced triple-quantum-dot qubit (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: Like modern microprocessors today, future processors of quantum information may be implemented using all-electrical control of silicon-based devices. A semiconductor spin qubit may be controlled without the use of magnetic fields by using three electrons in three tunnel-coupled quantum dots. Triple dots have previously been implemented in GaAs, but this material suffers from intrinsic nuclear magnetic noise. Reduction of this noise is possible by fabricating devices using isotopically purified silicon. We demonstrate universal coherent control of a triple-quantum-dot qubit implemented in an isotopically enhanced Si/SiGe heterostructure. Composite pulses are used to implement spin-echo type sequences, and differential charge sensing enables single-shot state readout. These experiments demonstrate sufficient control with sufficiently low noise to enable the long pulse sequences required for exchange-only two-qubit logic and randomized benchmarking.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Sediment transport dynamics near a river inflow in a large alpine lake (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-23
    Description: Sediment dynamics were investigated in Lake Maggiore, Italy, with field observations from October to mid-December 2012. Three moorings were deployed in Pallanza Bay, a small embayment on the western side of the lake near the Toce River inflow, to measure temperature and currents throughout the water column and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was estimated with acoustic instrumentation. River intrusions are shown to dominate observed SSC, although a small amount of sediment resuspension was observed at the site of the shallowest mooring during a large wind event that produced strong upwelling of the thermocline followed by downwelling. Although vertical turbulent sediment flux is typically assumed to indicate resuspension and the upward transport of sediment ( ), downward turbulent sediment flux was observed ( ) near the bed during the largest observed intrusion event. The downward turbulent sediment flux significantly contributes to net deposition rates, which are one order of magnitude larger than rates of erosion measured during the two major events observed. Horizontal transport of sediment occurs in vertically confined layers due to buoyancy-driven intrusions. Beneath the intrusions, sediment settles out of the water column at settling rates that appear to be constant with depth based on acoustic Doppler current profiler backscatter measurements. The effective settling velocities needed to produce the observed vertical transport of SSC during an inflow intrusion are one order of magnitude larger than those due to the Stokes settling velocity ( ) alone. Particle flocculation and possible convective instabilities may play a role in generating the large observed effective settling rates.
    Print ISSN: 0024-3590
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5590
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO).
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  • 3
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    Chylomicronemia mutations yield new insights into interactions between lipoprotein lipase and GPIHBP1 (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-13
    Description: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a 448-amino-acid head-to-tail dimeric enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides within capillaries. LPL is secreted by parenchymal cells into the interstitial spaces; it then binds to GPIHBP1 (glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1) on the basolateral face of endothelial cells and is transported to the capillary lumen. A pair of amino acid substitutions, C418Y and E421K, abolish LPL binding to GPIHBP1, suggesting that the C-terminal portion of LPL is important for GPIHBP1 binding. However, a role for LPL's N terminus has not been excluded, and published evidence has suggested that only full-length homodimers are capable of binding GPIHBP1. Here, we show that LPL's C-terminal domain is sufficient for GPIHBP1 binding. We found, serendipitously, that two LPL missense mutations, G409R and E410V, render LPL susceptible to cleavage at residue 297 (a known furin cleavage site). The C terminus of these mutants (residues 298–448), bound to GPIHBP1 avidly, independent of the N-terminal fragment. We also generated an LPL construct with an in-frame deletion of the N-terminal catalytic domain (residues 50–289); this mutant was secreted but also was cleaved at residue 297. Once again, the C-terminal domain (residues 298–448) bound GPIHBP1 avidly. The binding of the C-terminal fragment to GPIHBP1 was eliminated by C418Y or E421K mutations. After exposure to denaturing conditions, the C-terminal fragment of LPL refolds and binds GPIHBP1 avidly. Thus, the binding of LPL to GPIHBP1 requires only the C-terminal portion of LPL and does not depend on full-length LPL homodimers.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Does eddy-eddy interaction control surface phytoplankton distribution and carbon export in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre? (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-15
    Description: In the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), the regular occurrence of summer phytoplankton blooms contributes to marine ecosystem productivity and the annual carbon export. The mechanisms underlying the formation, maintenance, and decay of these blooms remain largely unknown; nitrogen fixation, episodic vertical mixing of nutrients, and meso- (
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Modeling and understanding turbulent mixing in a macrotidal salt wedge estuary (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-25
    Description: A high-resolution three-dimensional numerical simulation is performed with the parallel, unstructured grid SUNTANS model to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of turbulent mixing in a shallow, macrotidal salt wedge estuary that experiences periodic mixing and strong stratification. Unresolved vertical mixing is parameterized with the k − kl closure scheme with the Canuto-A stability functions based on a careful comparison of multiple two-equation closure schemes and stability functions via the generic length scale approach. The predictions of velocity, salinity, Richardson number, and Reynolds stress are in good agreement with field observations, and the top and bottom salinity predictions achieve skill scores of 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. The model shows that the salt wedge starts to strengthen upstream at the beginning of weak ebb and gradually expands downstream during the weak tide. Mixing is most active along a density interface during the weak ebb, while it is most active in a bottom mixed layer during weak flood, consistent with the findings inferred from the observations. Stratification decays during the strong ebb in a mixing event along the horizontal extent of the salt wedge while it is also being advected offshore. Local mixing is shown to account for roughly half of the decay rate of the stratification in this process. Numerical experiments are performed to investigate the response of stratification and mixing to changes in the magnitude of the buoyancy. High sensitivity is shown under intermediate levels of stratification that occur in the real system, which becomes considerably weaker under more extreme conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Role of straining and advection in the intratidal evolution of stratification, vertical mixing, and longitudinal dispersion of a shallow, macrotidal, salt wedge estuary (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-03
    Description: A month of flow observations in the Snohomish River Estuary reveals the complex intratidal and fortnightly stratification, mixing, and dispersion dynamics in this macrotidal, shallow, salt wedge estuary system. Both salt wedge propagation and concomitant straining of the density field dominate temporal and spatial variations in stratification leading to intratidal variability of shear and mixing that differs in important ways from observations in partially mixed estuaries. Bottom-generated turbulent kinetic energy production is enhanced during spring tides and acts in concert with straining to counteract advection and minimize vertical stratification during the spring flood tides. This bottom-generated mixing contributes to a buoyancy flux near the top of a well-mixed layer during strong flood tides. During strong ebb tides, interfacial shear production and buoyancy flux occur along the sharp straining-enhanced interface just before the system becomes well mixed. Longitudinal dispersion is less sensitive to the spring/neap cycle yet exhibits strong intratidal variability. Reduced longitudinal dispersion is observed during the large floods relative to the rest of the tidal cycle, behavior we attribute to a lack of vertical shear. Overall, ebb tide advection and straining enhance stratification and longitudinal dispersion and allow for interfacial mixing. Intratidal variability, which varies on the spring/neap scale, is a dominant feature of this estuary, suggesting the importance of intratidal processes and tidally varying mixing coefficients in similar strongly stratified, strongly forced estuaries.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    ROS scavenging by CSB DNA repair protein [Medical Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a human DNA repair-deficient disease that involves transcription coupled repair (TCR), in which three gene products, Cockayne syndrome A (CSA), Cockayne syndrome B (CSB), and ultraviolet stimulated scaffold protein A (UVSSA) cooperate in relieving RNA polymerase II arrest at damaged sites to permit repair of the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Activation by IKKalpha of a second, evolutionary conserved, NF-kappa B signaling pathway (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: In mammals, the canonical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway activated in response to infections is based on degradation of IkappaB inhibitors. This pathway depends on the IkappaB kinase (IKK), which contains two catalytic subunits, IKKalpha and IKKbeta. IKKbeta is essential for inducible IkappaB phosphorylation and degradation, whereas IKKalpha is not. Here we show that IKKalpha is required for B cell maturation, formation of secondary lymphoid organs, increased expression of certain NF-kappaB target genes, and processing of the NF-kappaB2 (p100) precursor. IKKalpha preferentially phosphorylates NF-kappaB2, and this activity requires its phosphorylation by upstream kinases, one of which may be NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). IKKalpha is therefore a pivotal component of a second NF-kappaB activation pathway based on regulated NF-kappaB2 processing rather than IkappaB degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Senftleben, U -- Cao, Y -- Xiao, G -- Greten, F R -- Krahn, G -- Bonizzi, G -- Chen, Y -- Hu, Y -- Fong, A -- Sun, S C -- Karin, M -- AI434477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45045/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- ESO4151/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1495-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Germinal Center ; I-kappa B Kinase ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin D/analysis ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Lymph Nodes/cytology/immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B p52 Subunit ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Radiation Chimera ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Scientific publications. Coercive citation in academic publishing (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilhite, Allen W -- Fong, Eric A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 3;335(6068):542-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1212540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Business Administration, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA. wilhitea@uah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Authorship ; *Bibliometrics ; Data Collection ; *Editorial Policies ; *Journal Impact Factor ; Publishing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Water and heat budgets of a shallow tropical reservoir (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-26
    Description: This study is one of the few attempts to close water and heat budgets in tropical lakes and reservoirs on both daily and monthly time scales. A water budget of Kranji Reservoir is constructed for the year of 2007 using data for water level, reservoir gate operation records, and inflow predicted by a catchment rainfall-runoff model. A heat budget of Kranji Reservoir is also constructed for a field deployment period in 2007 using data for surface radiation fluxes measured by a meteorological station, heat fluxes associated with inflows and outflows, and heat content of the water column measured by thermistors. All the components of the water and heat budgets are accounted for on the basis of a complete data set obtained from field measurements and reliable model predictions, including those that were often neglected in the earlier studies, e.g., advective heat. The water budget of Kranji Reservoir is dominated by the discharge and catchment inflow, which are very sensitive to the variations in precipitation. Analysis of the gate operation records in 2007 shows an appreciable amount of the outflow of Kranji Reservoir was released, especially during storm events. The heat budget reveals that net heat flux of this shallow tropical reservoir is dominated by the net surface radiation fluxes and is also highly responsive to variations in stormflow conditions. It is noted that two critical components in the heat budget are latent heat and inflow advective heat, which equal 83% and 71% of net radiation, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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