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  • 1
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    Coherent control of Rydberg states in silicon (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: Laser cooling and electromagnetic traps have led to a revolution in atomic physics, yielding dramatic discoveries ranging from Bose-Einstein condensation to the quantum control of single atoms. Of particular interest, because they can be used in the quantum control of one atom by another, are excited Rydberg states, where wavefunctions are expanded from their ground-state extents of less than 0.1 nm to several nanometres and even beyond; this allows atoms far enough apart to be non-interacting in their ground states to strongly interact in their excited states. For eventual application of such states, a solid-state implementation is very desirable. Here we demonstrate the coherent control of impurity wavefunctions in the most ubiquitous donor in a semiconductor, namely phosphorus-doped silicon. In our experiments, we use a free-electron laser to stimulate and observe photon echoes, the orbital analogue of the Hahn spin echo, and Rabi oscillations familiar from magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As well as extending atomic physicists' explorations of quantum phenomena to the solid state, our work adds coherent terahertz radiation, as a particularly precise regulator of orbitals in solids, to the list of controls, such as pressure and chemical composition, already familiar to materials scientists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenland, P T -- Lynch, S A -- van der Meer, A F G -- Murdin, B N -- Pidgeon, C R -- Redlich, B -- Vinh, N Q -- Aeppli, G -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):1057-61. doi: 10.1038/nature09112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK. ptg@globalnet.co.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Structures of neutral Au7, Au19, and Au20 clusters in the gas phase (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: The catalytic properties of gold nanoparticles are determined by their electronic and geometric structures. We revealed the geometries of several small neutral gold clusters in the gas phase by using vibrational spectroscopy between 47 and 220 wavenumbers. A two-dimensional structure for neutral Au7 and a pyramidal structure for neutral Au20 can be unambiguously assigned. The reduction of the symmetry when a corner atom is cut from the tetrahedral Au20 cluster is directly reflected in the vibrational spectrum of Au19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruene, Philipp -- Rayner, David M -- Redlich, Britta -- van der Meer, Alexander F G -- Lyon, Jonathan T -- Meijer, Gerard -- Fielicke, Andre -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):674-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1161166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Time-resolved holography with photoelectrons (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: Ionization is the dominant response of atoms and molecules to intense laser fields and is at the basis of several important techniques, such as the generation of attosecond pulses that allow the measurement of electron motion in real time. We present experiments in which metastable xenon atoms were ionized with intense 7-micrometer laser pulses from a free-electron laser. Holographic structures were observed that record underlying electron dynamics on a sublaser-cycle time scale, enabling photoelectron spectroscopy with a time resolution of almost two orders of magnitude higher than the duration of the ionizing pulse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huismans, Y -- Rouzee, A -- Gijsbertsen, A -- Jungmann, J H -- Smolkowska, A S -- Logman, P S W M -- Lepine, F -- Cauchy, C -- Zamith, S -- Marchenko, T -- Bakker, J M -- Berden, G -- Redlich, B -- van der Meer, A F G -- Muller, H G -- Vermin, W -- Schafer, K J -- Spanner, M -- Ivanov, M Yu -- Smirnova, O -- Bauer, D -- Popruzhenko, S V -- Vrakking, M J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 7;331(6013):61-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1198450. Epub 2010 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 113, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. huismans@amolf.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21163963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Broadband tunability of a far-infrared free-electron laser (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1501-1509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A unique property of the free-electron laser (FEL) is its capability to be tuned continuously over a wide spectral range. This is a major difference with all other high-power lasers. However, the tunability of first-generation FELs used to be quite poor (typically 10% or less), due to constraints imposed by the accelerator and the undulator. The free electron laser for infrared experiments (FELIX) uses an undulator with an adjustable gap, which permits wavelength scans over an octave in typically 2 min without the need for any readjustment of the electron beam. Results obtained in operation of the long-wavelength FEL of the FELIX facility are presented. These involve measurements of the spectral range covered (16–110 μm), the output power, and the influence of the cavity desynchronism. The results are compared with numerical simulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354849
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the length of intense electron bunches using a capacitive probe and a 20-GHz sampling oscilloscope (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 2904-2909 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Measurements of the longitudinal profile of intense electron bunches with an energy of 100 keV, using a button monitor and a 20-GHz sampling oscilloscope, are presented in this paper. At this energy, which is intermediate between nonrelativistic and relativistic, the button response is quite different from the response in either of the two extreme cases. An analytical model of the response is presented. The resolution derived from this model is 80 ps at 100-keV beam energy. For more relativistic beams, a resolution of about 40 ps appears to be feasible. Great care has to be taken in avoiding resonances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142179
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of a short-pulse, far-infrared free electron laser with a highly overmoded waveguide (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4342-4347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We report the design of a long wavelength extension to the free electron laser for infrared experiments. A parallel plate is inserted in the resonator to reduce diffraction losses. It will be shown that with a 10 mm gap waveguide, single transverse mode operation can be expected over a wavelength range from 300 down to 40 μm, allowing pulses as short as a few optical cycles to be produced. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148393
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved electron spectrum diagnostics for a free-electron laser (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 641-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Time-resolved electron-beam diagnostics have been developed for use with free-electron lasers (FELs) and associated electron sources, based on the techniques of secondary electron emission and optical transition radiation (OTR). The 32-channel OTR detector forms part of a high-resolution (0.18%) electron spectrometer with a time resolution of 50 ns. Variable-magnification optics allow the spectrometer to view single-macropulse spectra with widths in the range of 0.2%–7%; wider spectra are taken with several momentum settings. Design criteria for the spectrometer are presented, and experience of operating with the diagnostics over a range of FEL physics experiments is summarized. The spectrometer is used, in conjunction with optical diagnostics, in studies at FELIX of efficiency enhancement, pulse chirping, and stepped-undulator operation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146835
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast heterodyne interferometer with electronically stabilized initial phase (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 2263-2266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A heterodyne interferometer setup with initial-phase stabilization is described, which allows the full range of "half a fringe'' to be used without ambiguity, using only one phase comparator. This phase stabilization is achieved by the insertion of a voltage-controlled delay line in the reference path of the phase comparator. The system is used to measure the electron line density of pulsed plasmas (with pulse lengths of 1 ms) in the range 5×1019–2×1021 m−2 with a time resolution of 200 ns. The resolution of the electronic system is approximately (half a fringe)/200.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138361
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of the output power of a 20-MW klystron to within 0.1% (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2306-2311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For operation of a free electron laser, requirements on electron energy stability are extremely tight. When a radio frequency field is used to accelerate the electrons, this leads to stringent requirements on the stability of the klystron output power. We present results obtained with a 20-MW klystron which is energized by a pulse-forming network. The achieved stability of the klystron power is better than 0.1% during 20 μs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143926
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete bleaching of the intersubband absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells using a far-infrared free-electron laser (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 3315-3317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The intensity-dependent intersubband absorption in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells with a subband separation smaller than the optical phonon energy has been measured with a pulsed far-infrared free-electron laser. Complete bleaching of the absorption is observed at I=200 kW/cm2. Fitting the data with a two-level system yields a characteristic time constant of 1–2 ps. Possible interpretations, considering the finite pulse width of the laser, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110185
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