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  • 1
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    Evolution and immunology. The economics of immunity (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Our vigilant immune systems are ready to mount an attack as soon as an invading pathogen is spotted. But what is the cost of keeping this sophisticated defense system on red alert? In a provocative Perspective, Read and Allen discuss new findings showing that the cost of immune defense in animals is very high (Moret and Schmid-Hempel), and the claim that, in some circumstances, the cost may be worth the benefit gained (Nunn et al.).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, A F -- Allen, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1104-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. a.read@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11185007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*immunology ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Immunity ; Immunity, Active ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Innate ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Primate Diseases/immunology ; Primates/*immunology ; Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/immunology/veterinary ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    The ecology of genetically diverse infections (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-05-16
    Description: Microparasite infections often consist of genetically distinct clonal lineages. Ecological interactions between these lineages within hosts can influence disease severity, epidemiology, and evolution. Many medical and veterinary interventions have an impact on genetic diversity within infections, but there is little understanding of the long-term consequences of such interventions for public and animal health. Indeed, much of the theory in this area is based on assumptions contradicted by the available data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, A F -- Taylor, L H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 May 11;292(5519):1099-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. a.read@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11352063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/genetics/pathogenicity ; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology/therapy/transmission ; *Biological Evolution ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Ecology ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Humans ; Malaria/parasitology ; Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Plasmodium/genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Microbiology. Mosquitoes cut short (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Andrew F -- Thomas, Matthew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):51-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1168659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. a.read@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/genetics/*microbiology/physiology/virology ; Animals ; Dengue/prevention & control/transmission ; Dengue Virus/*growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/genetics/*microbiology/physiology/virology ; Longevity ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; Virulence ; Wolbachia/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Partitioning regulatory mechanisms of within-host malaria dynamics using the effective propagation number (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: Immune clearance and resource limitation (via red blood cell depletion) shape the peaks and troughs of malaria parasitemia, which in turn affect disease severity and transmission. Quantitatively partitioning the relative roles of these effects through time is challenging. Using data from rodent malaria, we estimated the effective propagation number, which reflects the relative importance of contrasting within-host control mechanisms through time and is sensitive to the inoculating parasite dose. Our analysis showed that the capacity of innate responses to restrict initial parasite growth saturates with parasite dose and that experimentally enhanced innate immunity can affect parasite density indirectly via resource depletion. Such a statistical approach offers a tool to improve targeting of drugs or vaccines for human therapy by revealing the dynamics and interactions of within-host regulatory mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3891600/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3891600/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Metcalf, C J E -- Graham, A L -- Huijben, S -- Barclay, V C -- Long, G H -- Grenfell, B T -- Read, A F -- Bjornstad, O N -- R01 GM089932/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM089932/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 HD047879/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):984-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1204588.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. charlotte.metcalf@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Erythrocyte Aging ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes/*parasitology/physiology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-10/immunology/metabolism ; Malaria/blood/*immunology/*parasitology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; *Parasitemia/blood/immunology/parasitology ; Plasmodium chabaudi/immunology/*physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-10/immunology ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Fungal pathogen reduces potential for malaria transmission (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Using a rodent malaria model, we found that exposure to surfaces treated with fungal entomopathogens following an infectious blood meal reduced the number of mosquitoes able to transmit malaria by a factor of about 80. Fungal infection, achieved through contact with both solid surfaces and netting for durations well within the typical post-feed resting periods, was sufficient to cause 〉90% mortality. Daily mortality rates escalated dramatically around the time of sporozoite maturation, and infected mosquitoes showed reduced propensity to blood feed. Residual sprays of fungal biopesticides might replace or supplement chemical insecticides for malaria control, particularly in areas of high insecticide resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blanford, Simon -- Chan, Brian H K -- Jenkins, Nina -- Sim, Derek -- Turner, Ruth J -- Read, Andrew F -- Thomas, Matt B -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1638-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institutes of Evolution, Immunology, and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*microbiology/*parasitology/physiology ; Blood ; Feeding Behavior ; *Hypocreales/pathogenicity/physiology ; Insect Vectors/microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria/parasitology/prevention & control/*transmission ; Mice ; *Mitosporic Fungi/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plasmodium chabaudi/*growth & development/physiology ; Spores, Fungal ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Malaria: The vector as protector (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Andrew F -- Mideo, Nicole -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):177-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12252. Epub 2013 May 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23719376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/*parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions/*immunology ; Insect Vectors/*parasitology ; Plasmodium chabaudi/*immunology/*pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Evolving in a dynamic world (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, A F -- Harvey, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 18;260(5115):1760-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Disentangling genetic variation for resistance and tolerance to infectious diseases in animals (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: Hosts can in principle employ two different strategies to defend themselves against parasites: resistance and tolerance. Animals typically exhibit considerable genetic variation for resistance (the ability to limit parasite burden). However, little is known about whether animals can evolve tolerance (the ability to limit the damage caused by a given parasite burden). Using rodent malaria in laboratory mice as a model system and the statistical framework developed by plant-pathogen biologists, we demonstrated genetic variation for tolerance, as measured by the extent to which anemia and weight loss increased with increasing parasite burden. Moreover, resistance and tolerance were negatively genetically correlated. These results mean that animals, like plants, can evolve two conceptually different types of defense, a finding that has important implications for the understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of infectious diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raberg, Lars -- Sim, Derek -- Read, Andrew F -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):812-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. lars.raberg@zooekol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia/genetics/physiopathology ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Count ; *Genetic Variation ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Malaria/*genetics/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; *Plasmodium chabaudi ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Competitive release and facilitation of drug-resistant parasites after therapeutic chemotherapy in a rodent malaria model (2007)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-03
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Understanding the link between malaria risk and climate (2009)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-03
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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