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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-08-25
    Description: We cross-correlate the largest available mid-infrared ( Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer – WISE ), X-ray (3XMM) and radio (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimetres+NRAO VLA Sky Survey) catalogues to define the MIXR sample of AGN and star-forming galaxies. We pre-classify the sources based on their positions on the WISE colour/colour plot, showing that the MIXR triple selection is extremely effective to diagnose the star formation and AGN activity of individual populations, even on a flux/magnitude basis, extending the diagnostics to objects with luminosities and redshifts from SDSS DR12. We recover the radio/mid-IR star formation correlation with great accuracy, and use it to classify our sources, based on their activity, as radio-loud and radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGN), low excitation radio galaxies/low ionization nuclear emission line regions, and non-AGN galaxies. These diagnostics can prove extremely useful for large AGN and galaxy samples, and help develop ways to efficiently triage sources when data from the next generation of instruments becomes available. We study bias in detail, and show that while the widely used WISE colour selections for AGN are very successful at cleanly selecting samples of luminous AGN, they miss or misclassify a substantial fraction of AGN at lower luminosities and/or higher redshifts. MIXR also allows us to test the relation between radiative and kinetic (jet) power in radio-loud AGN, for which a tight correlation is expected due to a mutual dependence on accretion. Our results highlight that long-term AGN variability, jet regulation, and other factors affecting the Q / L bol relation, are introducing a vast amount of scatter in this relation, with dramatic potential consequences on our current understanding of AGN feedback and its effect on star formation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-03-02
    Description: Regulatory T cells (Treg) play critical roles in the modulation of immune responses to infectious agents. Further understanding of the factors that control Treg activation and expansion in response to pathogens is needed to manipulate Treg function in acute and chronic infections. Here we show that chronic, but not acute, infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus results in a marked expansion of Foxp3+ Treg that is dependent on retroviral superantigen (sag) genes encoded in the mouse genome. Sag-dependent Treg expansion was MHC class II dependent, CD4 independent, and required dendritic cells. Thus, one unique mechanism by which certain infectious agents evade host immune responses may be mediated by endogenous Sag-dependent activation and expansion of Treg.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blain, Andrew -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):745-6. doi: 10.1038/463745a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20148027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-02-18
    Description: The extragalactic background light at far-infrared wavelengths comes from optically faint, dusty, star-forming galaxies in the Universe with star formation rates of a few hundred solar masses per year. These faint, submillimetre galaxies are challenging to study individually because of the relatively poor spatial resolution of far-infrared telescopes. Instead, their average properties can be studied using statistics such as the angular power spectrum of the background intensity variations. A previous attempt at measuring this power spectrum resulted in the suggestion that the clustering amplitude is below the level computed with a simple ansatz based on a halo model. Here we report excess clustering over the linear prediction at arcminute angular scales in the power spectrum of brightness fluctuations at 250, 350 and 500 mum. From this excess, we find that submillimetre galaxies are located in dark matter haloes with a minimum mass, M(min), such that log(10)[M(min)/M(middle dot in circle)] = 11.5(+0.7)(-0.2) at 350 mum, where M(middle dot in circle) is the solar mass. This minimum dark matter halo mass corresponds to the most efficient mass scale for star formation in the Universe, and is lower than that predicted by semi-analytical models for galaxy formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amblard, Alexandre -- Cooray, Asantha -- Serra, Paolo -- Altieri, B -- Arumugam, V -- Aussel, H -- Blain, A -- Bock, J -- Boselli, A -- Buat, V -- Castro-Rodriguez, N -- Cava, A -- Chanial, P -- Chapin, E -- Clements, D L -- Conley, A -- Conversi, L -- Dowell, C D -- Dwek, E -- Eales, S -- Elbaz, D -- Farrah, D -- Franceschini, A -- Gear, W -- Glenn, J -- Griffin, M -- Halpern, M -- Hatziminaoglou, E -- Ibar, E -- Isaak, K -- Ivison, R J -- Khostovan, A A -- Lagache, G -- Levenson, L -- Lu, N -- Madden, S -- Maffei, B -- Mainetti, G -- Marchetti, L -- Marsden, G -- Mitchell-Wynne, K -- Nguyen, H T -- O'Halloran, B -- Oliver, S J -- Omont, A -- Page, M J -- Panuzzo, P -- Papageorgiou, A -- Pearson, C P -- Perez-Fournon, I -- Pohlen, M -- Rangwala, N -- Roseboom, I G -- Rowan-Robinson, M -- Portal, M Sanchez -- Schulz, B -- Scott, Douglas -- Seymour, N -- Shupe, D L -- Smith, A J -- Stevens, J A -- Symeonidis, M -- Trichas, M -- Tugwell, K -- Vaccari, M -- Valiante, E -- Valtchanov, I -- Vieira, J D -- Vigroux, L -- Wang, L -- Ward, R -- Wright, G -- Xu, C K -- Zemcov, M -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 24;470(7335):510-2. doi: 10.1038/nature09771. Epub 2011 Feb 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21326201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-05-12
    Description: The old, red stars that constitute the bulges of galaxies, and the massive black holes at their centres, are the relics of a period in cosmic history when galaxies formed stars at remarkable rates and active galactic nuclei (AGN) shone brightly as a result of accretion onto black holes. It is widely suspected, but unproved, that the tight correlation between the mass of the black hole and the mass of the stellar bulge results from the AGN quenching the surrounding star formation as it approaches its peak luminosity. X-rays trace emission from AGN unambiguously, whereas powerful star-forming galaxies are usually dust-obscured and are brightest at infrared and submillimetre wavelengths. Here we report submillimetre and X-ray observations that show that rapid star formation was common in the host galaxies of AGN when the Universe was 2-6 billion years old, but that the most vigorous star formation is not observed around black holes above an X-ray luminosity of 10(44) ergs per second. This suppression of star formation in the host galaxy of a powerful AGN is a key prediction of models in which the AGN drives an outflow, expelling the interstellar medium of its host and transforming the galaxy's properties in a brief period of cosmic time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Page, M J -- Symeonidis, M -- Vieira, J D -- Altieri, B -- Amblard, A -- Arumugam, V -- Aussel, H -- Babbedge, T -- Blain, A -- Bock, J -- Boselli, A -- Buat, V -- Castro-Rodriguez, N -- Cava, A -- Chanial, P -- Clements, D L -- Conley, A -- Conversi, L -- Cooray, A -- Dowell, C D -- Dubois, E N -- Dunlop, J S -- Dwek, E -- Dye, S -- Eales, S -- Elbaz, D -- Farrah, D -- Fox, M -- Franceschini, A -- Gear, W -- Glenn, J -- Griffin, M -- Halpern, M -- Hatziminaoglou, E -- Ibar, E -- Isaak, K -- Ivison, R J -- Lagache, G -- Levenson, L -- Lu, N -- Madden, S -- Maffei, B -- Mainetti, G -- Marchetti, L -- Nguyen, H T -- O'Halloran, B -- Oliver, S J -- Omont, A -- Panuzzo, P -- Papageorgiou, A -- Pearson, C P -- Perez-Fournon, I -- Pohlen, M -- Rawlings, J I -- Rigopoulou, D -- Riguccini, L -- Rizzo, D -- Rodighiero, G -- Roseboom, I G -- Rowan-Robinson, M -- Sanchez Portal, M -- Schulz, B -- Scott, D -- Seymour, N -- Shupe, D L -- Smith, A J -- Stevens, J A -- Trichas, M -- Tugwell, K E -- Vaccari, M -- Valtchanov, I -- Viero, M -- Vigroux, L -- Wang, L -- Ward, R -- Wright, G -- Xu, C K -- Zemcov, M -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 9;485(7397):213-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11096.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK. mjp@mssl.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22575961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-11-06
    Description: Gravitational lensing is a powerful astrophysical and cosmological probe and is particularly valuable at submillimeter wavelengths for the study of the statistical and individual properties of dusty star-forming galaxies. However, the identification of gravitational lenses is often time-intensive, involving the sifting of large volumes of imaging or spectroscopic data to find few candidates. We used early data from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey to demonstrate that wide-area submillimeter surveys can simply and easily detect strong gravitational lensing events, with close to 100% efficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Negrello, Mattia -- Hopwood, R -- De Zotti, G -- Cooray, A -- Verma, A -- Bock, J -- Frayer, D T -- Gurwell, M A -- Omont, A -- Neri, R -- Dannerbauer, H -- Leeuw, L L -- Barton, E -- Cooke, J -- Kim, S -- da Cunha, E -- Rodighiero, G -- Cox, P -- Bonfield, D G -- Jarvis, M J -- Serjeant, S -- Ivison, R J -- Dye, S -- Aretxaga, I -- Hughes, D H -- Ibar, E -- Bertoldi, F -- Valtchanov, I -- Eales, S -- Dunne, L -- Driver, S P -- Auld, R -- Buttiglione, S -- Cava, A -- Grady, C A -- Clements, D L -- Dariush, A -- Fritz, J -- Hill, D -- Hornbeck, J B -- Kelvin, L -- Lagache, G -- Lopez-Caniego, M -- Gonzalez-Nuevo, J -- Maddox, S -- Pascale, E -- Pohlen, M -- Rigby, E E -- Robotham, A -- Simpson, C -- Smith, D J B -- Temi, P -- Thompson, M A -- Woodgate, B E -- York, D G -- Aguirre, J E -- Beelen, A -- Blain, A -- Baker, A J -- Birkinshaw, M -- Blundell, R -- Bradford, C M -- Burgarella, D -- Danese, L -- Dunlop, J S -- Fleuren, S -- Glenn, J -- Harris, A I -- Kamenetzky, J -- Lupu, R E -- Maddalena, R J -- Madore, B F -- Maloney, P R -- Matsuhara, H -- Michaowski, M J -- Murphy, E J -- Naylor, B J -- Nguyen, H -- Popescu, C -- Rawlings, S -- Rigopoulou, D -- Scott, D -- Scott, K S -- Seibert, M -- Smail, I -- Tuffs, R J -- Vieira, J D -- van der Werf, P P -- Zmuidzinas, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 5;330(6005):800-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1193420.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK. m.negrello@open.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 434 (2005), S. 738-740 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The tight relationship between the masses of black holes and galaxy spheroids in nearby galaxies implies a causal connection between the growth of these two components. Optically luminous quasars host the most prodigious accreting black holes in the Universe, and can account for s30 ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 422 (2003), S. 695-698 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A significant fraction of the energy emitted in the early Universe came from very luminous galaxies that are largely hidden at optical wavelengths (because of interstellar dust grains); this energy now forms part of the cosmic background radiation at wavelengths near 1 mm (ref. ...
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Past studies of cosmological γ-ray bursts (GRBs) have been hampered by their extreme distances, resulting in faint afterglows. A nearby GRB could potentially shed much light on the origin of these events, but GRBs with a redshift z ≤ 0.2 have been estimated to occur only rarely, about ...
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-08-24
    Description: We report the redshift of an unlensed, highly obscured submillimetre galaxy (SMG), HS1700.850.1, the brightest SMG ( S 850 μm  = 19.1 mJy) detected in the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope/Submillimetre Common-user Bolometer Array-2 (JCMT/SCUBA-2) Baryonic Structure Survey, based on the detection of its 12 CO line emission. Using the Institute Radio Astronomie Millimetrique Plateau de Bure Interferometer with 3.6 GHz band width, we serendipitously detect an emission line at 150.6 GHz. From a search over 14.5 GHz in the 3- and 2-mm atmospheric windows, we confirm the identification of this line as 12 CO(5–4) at z  = 2.816, meaning that it does not reside in the z  ~ 2.30 proto-cluster in this field. Measurement of the 870 μm source size (〈0.85 arcsec) from the Sub-Millimetre Array (SMA) confirms a compact emission in a S 870 μm = 14.5 mJy, L IR  ~ 10 13  L component, suggesting an Eddington-limited starburst. We use the double-peaked 12 CO line profile measurements along with the SMA size constraints to study the gas dynamics of a HyLIRG, estimating the gas and dynamical masses of HS1700.850.1. While HS1700.850.1 is one of the most extreme galaxies known in the Universe, we find that it occupies a relative void in the Lyman-Break Galaxy distribution in this field. Comparison with other extreme objects at similar epochs (HyLIRG Quasars), and cosmological simulations, suggests such an anti-bias of bright SMGs could be relatively common, with the brightest SMGs rarely occupying the most overdense regions at z = 2–4.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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