ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

The isotopic composition of soil organic carbon on a north–south transect in western Canada (2002)

Bird, M. ; Santrùcková, H. ; Lloyd, J. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2389

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The minor isotopes of carbon (13C and 14C) are widely used as tracers in studies of the global carbon cycle. We present carbon-isotope data for the 0–5 cm layer of soil on a transect from 49.6°N to 68°N, from mature forest and tundra ecosystems in the boreal-arctic zone of interior western Canada. Soil organic carbon in the 〈 2000 μm fraction of the soil decreases from 3.14 kg m−2 in the south to 1.31 kg m−2 in the north. The 14C activity of the organic carbon decreases as latitude increases from 118.9 to 100.7 per cent modern carbon (pMC). In addition, the 14C activities of organic carbon in the particle-size fractions of each sample decrease as particle size decreases. These results suggest that organic carbon in the 0–5 cm layer of these soils transfers from standing biomass into the coarsest size fractions of the soil and is then degraded over time, with the residue progressively transferred into the more resistant finer particle sizes. We calculate residence times for the coarsest size fractions of 21 years in the south to 71 years in the north. Residence times for the fine size fractions (〈 63 μm) are considerably longer, ranging from 90 years in the south to 960 years in the north. The δ13C of the organic carbon decreases from −26.8 ± 0.3‰ in soil under forest in the south to −26.2 ± 0.1‰ for tundra sites in the north. At all sites there is an increase in δ13C with decreasing particle size of 0.7–1.6‰. These changes in δ13C are due to the presence of ‘old’ carbon in equilibrium with an atmosphere richer in 13C, and to the effects of microbial degradation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2002.00444.x

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2

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Effect of soil CO2 concentration on microbial biomass (1997)

Šantrůčková, H. ; Šimek, M.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 269-273

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Carbon dioxide ; Microbial biomass ; Microbial growth ; Soil respiration ; Glucose ; mineralization rate ; Chloroform fumigation extraction method

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The effect of increasing soil CO2 concentration was studied in six different soils. The soils were incubated in ambient air (0.05 vol.% CO2) or in air enriched with CO2 (up to 5.0 vol.% CO2). Carbon dioxide evolution, microbial biomass, growth or death rate quotients and glucose decay rate were measured at 6, 12 and 24 h of CO2 exposure. The decrease in soil respiration ranged from 7% to 78% and was followed by a decrease in microbial biomass by 10–60% in most cases. High CO2 treatments did not affect glucose decay rate but the portion of Cgluc mineralized to CO2 was lowered and a larger portion of Cgluc remained in soils. This carbon was not utilized by soil microorganisms.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050313

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3

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Biological and chemical properties of arable soils affected by long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer applications (1999)

Šimek, M. ; Hopkins, D. W. ; Kalčík, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 300-308

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Long-term fertilization ; Microbial biomass ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Denitrification potential ; Denitrifying enzyme activity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Using soils from field plots in four different arable crop experiments that have received combinations of manure, lime and inorganic N, P and K for up to 20 years, the effects of these fertilizers on soil chemical properties and estimates of soil microbial community size and activity were studied. The soil pH was increased or unaffected by the addition of organic manure plus inorganic fertilizers applied in conjunction with lime, but decreased in the absence of liming. The soil C and N contents were greater for all fertilized treatments compared to the control, yet in all cases the soil samples from fertilized plots had smaller C:N ratios than soil from the unfertilized plots. The soil concentrations of all the other inorganic nutrients measured were greater following fertilizer applications compared with the unfertilized plots, and this effect was most marked for P and K in soils from plots that had received the largest amounts of these nutrients as fertilizers. Both biomass C determined by chloroform fumigation and glucose-induced respiration tended to increase as a result of manure and inorganic fertilizer applications, although soils which received the largest additions of inorganic fertilizers in the absence of lime contained less biomass C than those to which lime had been added. Dehydrogenase activity was lower in soils that had received the largest amounts of fertilizers, and was further decreased in the absence of lime. This suggests that dehydrogenase activity was highly sensitive to the inhibitory effects associated with large fertilizer additions. Potential denitrification and anaerobic respiration determined in one soil were increased by fertilizer application but, as with both the microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity, there were significant reductions in both N2O and CO2 production in soils which received the largest additions of inorganic fertilizers in the absence of lime. In contrast, the size of the denitrifying component of the soil microbial community, as indicated by denitrifying enzyme activity, was unaffected by the absence of lime at the largest rate of inorganic fertilizer applications. The results indicated differences in the composition or function of microbial communities in the soils in response to long-term organic and inorganic fertilization, especially when the soils were not limited.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050556

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4

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Microbial responses to fluctuation of soil aeration status and redox conditions (2000)

Picek, T. ; Šimek, M. ; Šantrůčková, H.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 315-322

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Aeration status ; Glucose ; Microbial biomass ; Redox potential ; Anoxic conditions

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The response of the microbial community to changes in aeration status, from oxic to anoxic and from anoxic to oxic, was determined in arable soil incubated in a continuous flow incubation apparatus. Soil incubated in permanently oxic (air) and/or anoxic (O2-free N2) conditions was used as the control. Before experiments soil was preincubated for 6 days, then aeration status was changed and glucose added. Glucose concentration, extractable C, CO2 production, microbial biomass, pH and redox potential were determined 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h after change of aeration status. If oxic conditions were changed to anoxic, the amount of glucose consumed was reduced by about 60%, and CO2 production was 10 times lower at the end of incubation compared to the control (permanently oxic conditions). Microbial biomass increased by 114% in glucose-amended soil but did not change in unamended soil. C immobilization prevailed over C mineralization. Redox potential decreased from +627 mV to –306 mV. If anoxic conditions were changed to oxic, consumption of glucose and CO2 evolution significantly increased, compared to permanently anoxic conditions. Microbial biomass did not change in glucose-amended soil, but decreased by 78% in unamended soil. C mineralization was accelerated. Redox potential increased from +238 to +541 mV. The rate of glucose consumption was low in anoxic conditions if soil was incubated in pure N2 but increased significantly when incubation was carried out in a CO2/N2 mixture.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050662

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5

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Analysis of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in environmental samples by GC-MS/MS (2000)

Elhottová, D. ; Tříska, J. ; Petersen, S. O. ; [et al.]

Springer

Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 367 (2000), S. 157-164

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ISSN: 1432-1130

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can significantly improve trace analyses of compounds in complex matrices from natural environments compared to gas chromatography only. A GC-MS/MS technique for determination of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a bacterial storage compound, has been developed and used for analysis of two soils stored for up to 319 d, fresh samples of sewage sludge, as well as a pure culture of Bacillus megaterium. Specific derivatization ¶of β-hydroxybutyrate (3-OH C4 : 0) PHB monomer units by N-tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoracetamide (MTBSTFA) improved chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties of the analyte. The diagnostic fragmentation scheme of the derivates tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester and ether of β-hydroxybutyric acid (MTBSTFA-HB) essential for the PHB identification was shown. The ion trap MS was used, therefore the scan gave the best sensitivity and with MS/MS the noise decreased, so the S/N was better and also with second fragmentation the amount of ions increased compared to SIM. The detection limit for MTBSTFA-HB by GC-MS/MS was about 10–13 g μL–1 of injected volume, while by GC (FID) and GC-MS (scan) it was around 10–10 g μL–1 of injected volume. Sensitivity of GC-MS/MS measurements of PHB in arable soil and activated sludge samples was down to 10 pg of PHB g–1 dry matter. Comparison of MTBSTFA-HB detection in natural soil sample by GC (FID), GC-MS (scan) and by GC-MS/MS demonstrated potentials and limitations of the individual measurement techniques.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051617

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Heterogeneity of carbon loss and its temperature sensitivity in East-European subarctic tundra soils (2016)

Diakova, K., Capek, P., Kohoutova, I., Mpamah, P. A., Barta, J., Biasi, C., Martikainen, P. J., Santruckova, H.

Oxford University Press

In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Publication Date: 2016-07-07

Description: Arctic peatlands store large stocks of organic carbon which are vulnerable to the climate change but their fate is uncertain. There is increasing evidence that a part of it will be lost as a result of faster microbial mineralization. We studied the vulnerability of 3500–5900 years old bare peat uplifted from permafrost layers by cryogenic processes to the surface of an arctic peat plateau. We aimed to find biotic and abiotic drivers of C LOSS from old peat and compare them with those of adjacent, young vegetated soils of the peat plateau and mineral tundra. The soils were incubated in laboratory at three temperatures (4°C, 12°C and 20°C) and two oxygen levels (aerobic, anaerobic). C LOSS was monitored and soil parameters (organic carbon quality, nutrient availability, microbial activity, biomass and stoichiometry, and extracellular oxidative and hydrolytic enzyme pools) were determined. We found that C LOSS from the old peat was constrained by low microbial biomass representing only 0.22% of organic carbon. C LOSS was only slightly reduced by the absence of oxygen and exponentially increased with temperature, showing the same temperature sensitivity under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We conclude that carbon in the old bare peat is stabilized by a combination of physical, chemical and biological controls including soil compaction, organic carbon quality, low microbial biomass and the absence of plants.

Print ISSN: 0168-6496

Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941

Topics: Biology

Published by Oxford University Press

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Small-scale spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem properties, microbial community composition and microbial activities in a temperate mountain forest soil (2016)

Stursova, M., Barta, J., Santruckova, H., Baldrian, P.

Oxford University Press

In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Publication Date: 2016-10-08

Description: Forests are recognised as spatially heterogeneous ecosystems. However, knowledge of the small-scale spatial variation in microbial abundance, community composition and activity is limited. Here, we aimed to describe the heterogeneity of environmental properties, namely vegetation, soil chemical composition, fungal and bacterial abundance and community composition, and enzymatic activity, in the topsoil in a small area (36 m 2 ) of a highly heterogeneous regenerating temperate natural forest, and to explore the relationships among these variables. The results demonstrated a high level of spatial heterogeneity in all properties and revealed differences between litter and soil. Fungal communities had substantially higher beta-diversity than bacterial communities, which were more uniform and less spatially autocorrelated. In litter, fungal communities were affected by vegetation and appeared to be more involved in decomposition. In the soil, chemical composition affected both microbial abundance and the rates of decomposition, whereas the effect of vegetation was small. Importantly, decomposition appeared to be concentrated in hotspots with increased activity of multiple enzymes. Overall, forest topsoil should be considered a spatially heterogeneous environment in which the mean estimates of ecosystem-level processes and microbial community composition may confound the existence of highly specific microenvironments.

Print ISSN: 0168-6496

Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941

Topics: Biology