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    Publication Date: 1999-07-01
    Description: Three sediment cores on a transect across the continental slope off Namibia at about 23°S were investigated for alkenone-derived past sea-surface temperature (SST) and total organic carbon (TOC) content. These records are used to reconstruct variations of surface circulation, coastal upwelling, and paleoproductivity in the northern Benguela Current System for the last 150,000 yr. The SST record most distant from the coast resembles a SST pattern typical of the pelagic ocean, with the lowest SST at full-glacial periods and the highest SST during the Eemian and the Holocene. In contrast to the modern conditions where annual mean SST decreases toward the coast, the shelf-edge SST record has the most prominent warm anomalies of about 2°C during isotope stages 2 and 6 compared with the open ocean. The glacial SST minimum in the record close to the shelf is observed between 50,000 and 35,000 yr B.P., while the record midway along the transect shows intermediate temperature conditions between the offshore and nearshore records. The causal process for the warm anomalies under full ice-age conditions close to the coast may be similar to that of recent “Benguela Niño events” that originate from perturbations in the tradewind system over the western tropical Atlantic. During these events the Angola–Benguela Front, located at about 16°S, weakens and intensive southward protrusions of tropical water masses extend into the nearshore upwelling area as far as 25°S. Thus, the two nearshore records primarily responded to variations in the time-integrated balance between upwelling intensity and southward protrusions of anomalously warm and nutrient-poor Angolan surface waters, as indicated by the good anticorrelation of SST and TOC content. Accordingly, surface water cooling off Namibia over the last 150,000 yr was most intense during stage 3 due to strong winds that worked in favor of upwelling and a decrease of Angolan warm water influence.
    Print ISSN: 0033-5894
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-0287
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 3
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Müller, Peter J; Kirst, Georg; Ruhland, Götz; Von Storch, Isabel; Rosell-Melé, Antoni (1998): Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index UK'37 based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global ocean (60°N-60°S). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(10), 1757-1772, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00097-0
    Publication Date: 2024-02-02
    Description: We have analysed alkenones in 149 surface sediments from the eastern South Atlantic in order to establish a sediment-based calibration of the U37K' paleotemperature index. Our study covers the major tropical to subpolar production systems and sea-surface temperatures (SST's) between 0° and 27°C. In order to define the most suitable calibration for this region, the U37K' values were correlated to seasonal, annual, and production-weighted annual mean atlas temperatures and compared to previously published culture and core-top calibrations. The best linear correlation between U37K' and SST was obtained using annual mean SST from 0 to 10 m water depth (U37K' = 0.033 T + 0.069, r**2 = 0.981). Data scattering increased significantly using temperatures of waters deeper than 20 m, suggesting that U37K' reflects mixed-layer SST and that alkenone production at thermocline depths was not high enough to significantly bias the mixed-layer signal. Regressions based on both production-weighted and on actual annual mean atlas SST were virtually identical, indicating that regional variations in the seasonality of primary production have no discernible effect on the U37K' vs. SST relationship. Comparison with published core-top calibrations from other oceanic regions revealed a high degree of accordance. We, therefore, established a global core-top calibration using U37K' data from 370 sites between 60°S and 60°N in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and annual mean atlas SST (0-29°C) from 0 m water depth. The resulting relationship (U37K' = 0.033 T + 0.044, r**2 = 958) is identical within error limits to the widely used E. huxleyi calibrations of and attesting their general applicability. The observation that core-top calibrations extending over various biogeographical coccolithophorid zones are strongly linear and in better accordance than culture calibrations suggests that U37K' is less species-dependent than is indicated by culture experiments. The results also suggest that variations in growth rate of algae and nutrient availability do not significantly affect the sedimentary record of U37K' in open ocean environments.
    Keywords: Agulhas Basin; Agulhas Ridge; Alkenone, unsaturation index UK'37; Angola Benguela Front; Angola Diapir Field; ANT-VIII/3; ANT-XI/2; Atlantic Ridge; Brazil Basin; Calculated from C37 alkenones (Brassell et al., 1986); Cape Basin; Congo Fan; DEPTH, sediment/rock; East Brazil Basin; Elevation of event; Equatorial Atlantic; Event label; GeoB; GeoB1005-2; GeoB1006-2; GeoB1007-2; GeoB1008-6; GeoB1010-3; GeoB1015-2; GeoB1016-2; GeoB1017-3; GeoB1020-1; GeoB1023-2; GeoB1024-3; GeoB1025-2; GeoB1026-3; GeoB1027-2; GeoB1028-2; GeoB1028-4; GeoB1029-1; GeoB1031-1; GeoB1032-2; GeoB1035-3; GeoB1037-1; GeoB1039-1; GeoB1040-3; GeoB1041-1; GeoB1101-4; GeoB1102-3; GeoB1103-3; GeoB1104-5; GeoB1105-3; GeoB1106-5; GeoB1108-6; GeoB1109-4; GeoB1110-3; GeoB1111-5; GeoB1112-3; GeoB1114-3; GeoB1115-4; GeoB1116-1; GeoB1117-3; GeoB1118-2; GeoB1120-3; GeoB1203-2; GeoB1204-3; GeoB1207-2; GeoB1208-1; GeoB1209-1; GeoB1210-3; GeoB1211-1; GeoB1212-2; GeoB1214-2; GeoB1215-1; GeoB1216-2; GeoB1217-1; GeoB1218-1; GeoB1401-1; GeoB1403-2; GeoB1405-7; GeoB1407-7; GeoB1413-2; GeoB1414-2; GeoB1417-2; GeoB1418-1; GeoB1420-1; GeoB1607-8; GeoB1608-9; GeoB1609-9; GeoB1612-9; GeoB1613-10; GeoB1702-6; GeoB1703-5; GeoB1704-1; GeoB1705-2; GeoB1706-1; GeoB1707-2; GeoB1709-3; GeoB1710-2; GeoB1711-5; GeoB1712-2; GeoB1713-6; GeoB1714-1; GeoB1715-1; GeoB1716-2; GeoB1717-2; GeoB1718-1; GeoB1719-5; GeoB1720-4; GeoB1721-4; GeoB1722-3; GeoB1724-4; GeoB1726-2; GeoB1901-1; GeoB1902-3; GeoB1903-1; GeoB1904-1; GeoB1905-1; GeoB1906-1; GeoB1907-1; GeoB1908-1; GeoB2001-1; GeoB2007-1; GeoB2008-1; GeoB2009-1; GeoB2010-1; GeoB2011-1; GeoB2016-3; GeoB2019-2; GeoB2021-4; GeoB2301-1; GeoB2302-1; GeoB2303-1; GeoB2304-1; GeoB2305-1; GeoB2306-1; GeoB2307-1; GeoB2308-1; GeoB2309-1; GeoB2310-1; GeoB3602-2; GeoB3603-1; GeoB3604-4; GeoB3605-1; GeoB3606-2; GeoB3607-1; GeoB3608-1; Geosciences, University of Bremen; Giant box corer; GIK17836-1; GIK17843-1; GIK17851-1; GIK17862-1; GIK17866-1; GIK17884-1; GIK17912-1; GKG; Guinea Basin; Indian-Antarctic Ridge; Kongo delta; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M12/1; M16/1; M20/1; M20/2; M23/1; M34/1; M6/6; M9/4; Meteor (1986); Meteor Rise; MIC; Mid Atlantic Ridge; MiniCorer; MUC; MultiCorer; Namibia Continental Margin; Northern Cape Basin; Northern Guinea Basin; off Kunene; Polarstern; PROBOSWA; PS16; PS16/262; PS16/267; PS16/271; PS16/284; PS16/294; PS16/303; PS16/311; PS16/316; PS16/321; PS16/334; PS16/337; PS16/342; PS16/345; PS16/351; PS16/362; PS1750-7; PS1751-2; PS1752-5; PS1756-6; PS1759-1; PS1764-2; PS1768-1; PS1771-4; PS1772-6; PS1775-5; PS1776-6; PS1777-7; PS1778-1; PS1779-3; PS1782-6; PS2489-4; PS2491-5; PS2492-1; PS2493-3; PS2494-1; PS2495-1; PS2496-2; PS2498-2; PS2499-1; PS2500-7; PS28; PS28/256; PS28/264; PS28/277; PS28/280; PS28/289; PS28/293; PS28/298; PS28/304; PS28/314; PS28/316; Romanche fracture zone; Sea surface temperature, annual mean; Sea surface temperature, production weighted; SFB261; Shona Ridge; SO84; SO86; Sonne; South African margin; South Atlantic; South Atlantic in Late Quaternary: Reconstruction of Budget and Currents; Southern Cape Basin; South Sandwich Basin; Southwest Guinea Basin; ST. HELENA HOTSPOT; Van Heesen Ridge; Walvis Ridge; West Angola Basin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 447 data points
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