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  • 1
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    Soil Atlas of Latin America and the Caribbean (2015)
    Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union
    Details
    Keywords: soil ; pedology ; Latin America ; Caribbean ; South America
    Description / Table of Contents: The European Commission's in-house science service today publishes the first ever comprehensive overview of the soils of Latin America and the Caribbean. Through colourful maps and illustrations the atlas explains in a simple and clear manner the diversity of soil across Central and South America and the Caribbean. It highlights the vital importance of a natural non-renewable resource which provides food, fodder and fuel for 580 million people. The atlas shows the delicate relationships between soils and the functions that they provide. It raises awareness of the inter-relationships with climate and land use while illustrating the role of soil in food security, particularly in relation to climate change. Latin America's soils also support some of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems. In Latin America and the Caribbean, soils have to meet the needs of a population that is in continuous and rapid growth. More than half of the 576 million hectares of arable land of Latin America are estimated to be affected by degradation processes, notably in South America and Mesoamerica. The main causes are change in land use (especially deforestation), over-exploitation, climate change and social inequality. The atlas presents a number of strategies for soil preservation and conservation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789279465130
    URL: http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/maps/LatinAmerica_Atlas/
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Unknown
    Insituthickness measurements of ultra-thin multilayer polymer films by atomic force microscopy (1999)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0957-4484
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6528
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of Co-Re superlattices (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 7370-7373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co-Re superlattices were prepared with nominal periodicities of 65–67 A(ring) and varying bilayer composition. The structural characterization was made by x-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). First, second, and third order satellites are observed in the x-ray diffractogram at 2θ values and with intensities close to those predicted by simulation. This confirms the coherence of the superlattice. RBS measurements combined with RUMP simulations give information on interface sharpness and the absolute thicknesses of the Co and Re layers. Discrepancies between the experimental and simulated diffractograms are found for Co thicknesses below 18 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349731
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new technique for grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation: Application in a hard-disk system (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 6328-6336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a new Monte Carlo approach which is capable to reduce significantly the two-phase coexistence region by constraining the system to remain fairly homogeneous in the transition region. This is achieved by introducing the chemical potential as an extra intensive thermodynamic variable in the canonical average. The technique developed was applied in a system containing 224 hard disks. The approach can, on the other hand, be applied in a general way to other systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457400
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple Lagrangian for integrable systems (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 31 (1990), S. 798-800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A simple Lagrangian for integrable models that can describe the entire hierachy of equations associated with the system is proposed. In addition, the Lax equation, the recursion relation between the conserved quantities, as well as the vanishing of the Nijenhuis torsion tensor can also be derived from the system of equations following from this Lagrangian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.528813
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of magnetoresistance and magnetization in nano-oxide specular and nonspecular MnIr/CoFe/Cu/CoFe spin valves from 10 to 300 K (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 5321-5324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature and magnetic field dependences of the magnetoresistance (MR), superconducting quantum interference device magnetization M, its electrical resistance R and temperature derivative dR/dT (10–300 K) are reported for nonspecular CoFe/Cu/CoFe spin valves and specular spin valves formed by nano-oxidation of the pinned and free CoFe layers. The MR(T) increases linearly with decreasing temperature on both spin valves, and data extrapolation converges to zero MR practically at the same Curie temperature. At temperatures below ∼175 K the specular spin valve MR(H) curves present two anomalous bumps not seen in the nonspecular curves. Also, for the nonspecular spin valve a clear relation is visible between M and MR curves, which is not the case for the specular spin-valve curves. In the specular spin valve, dR/dT presents an anomalous enhancement after T∼150 K, which is discussed in terms of electron scattering in the nano-oxide layers. The application of a saturating magnetic field suppresses most of the anomaly, indicating its magnetic origin. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1459617
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zero-field birefringence in magnetic fluids: Temperature, particle size, and concentration dependence (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 2497-2502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature, particle size, and particle concentration dependence of the zero-field birefringence were investigated using γ-Fe2O3 and MnFe2O4 ionic magnetic fluids in the range of 290–350 K. Upon heating a sample from below its characteristic temperature Tc, which depends upon the particle size and particle concentration, the zero-field birefringence goes critically down to zero. The experimental data are successfully explained when the following two points are considered in the model describing magnetic birefringence in magnetic fluids. First, dimers rather than monomers are responsible for the zero-field birefringence. Second, thermal disruption of the dimer structure follows a critical behavior. A theory for the zero-field birefringence is developed using classical statistics to evaluate the orientational order tensor component Szz. Finally, the zero birefringence signal at zero field, as found in magnetic fluids containing surfactant on the particle surface, is discussed within the dimer model. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of the thermal wave resonator cavity sensor for monitoring hydrocarbon vapors (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 2928-2932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A gas sensing device based on a thermal wave resonator cavity is outlined. It is experimentally tested by monitoring the presence of several hydrocarbon vapors in air via the measurement of the thermal diffusivity. It is also shown that its time-dependent response may be used to follow the vapor diffusion. It is shown that its characteristic response time is linearly correlated to the thermal diffusivity value of the mixture. The steps toward the development of a practical sensing device are further discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150712
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bi12(GaxBi1−x)O19.5 optical waveguides grown by pulsed laser deposition (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8210-8215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bi12(GaxBi1−x)O19.5 (BGaO) films with thickness in the range 100–1000 nm have been deposited on (100) Y-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and (100) Bi12GeO20 (BGO) substrates using a KrF excimer pulsed laser and polycrystalline targets with composition x=0.63–0.72. The laser power density threshold for ablation of the targets has been determined to be J0=4.8 J/cm2. A deposition rate of 0.03 A(ring)/pulse was found for the substrate-target distance (6 cm) and laser fluence (J=7 J/cm2) used. Transparent and crystalline films were obtained heating the substrate in the 450–550 °C range under 1.5×10−1 mbar of oxygen pressure. Films deposited on hot substrates have a Ga stoichiometry x=0.5 but a Bi content slightly lower than that corresponding to sillenite. Films deposited on YSZ show preferential orientation. From the x-ray diffraction results and the comparison of the ionic distributions, it has been concluded that the most likely orientation between both lattices is 〈310〉{130}BGaO(parallel)〈011〉{100}YSZ. A {100}BGaO(parallel){100}BGO epitaxy has been inferred from Rutherford backscattering analysis. On both substrates the films behave as step waveguides with refractive index close to the value determined in bulk BGaO. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362461
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoconductivity and n- to p-type transition in silicon planar-doped GaAs structures with a doped cap layer (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2659-2665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoconductivity, photo-Hall free carrier concentrations and mobilities were measured on molecular beam epitaxy-grown silicon planar-doped GaAs samples, with silicon concentrations between 1.4×1012 and 8.8×1013 cm−2, as functions of temperature. In all samples, the planar-doped region is placed 0.2 μm below a n+-doped cap layer at the surface. We perform a systematic investigation of the persistent as well as nonpersistent photoconductivity effects which are present in all samples. A phenomenological analysis shows the presence of two distinct conduction channels, one with n characteristics and the other with p characteristics. These channels can present either bulk or two-dimensional characteristics, depending on the light intensity and on the temperature. A model based on spatial separation between electrons and holes is proposed to account for the persistence of the photoconductivity effect. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360127
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