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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 21 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A combined oxygen-isotope and fluid-inclusion study has been carried out on high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (HP/UHPM) eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite from the Dabie-Sulu terranes in eastern China. Coesite-bearing eclogites/garnet clinopyroxenite and quartz eclogites have a wide range in whole-rock δ18OVSMOW, from 0 to 11‰. The high-T oxygen-isotope fractionations preserved between quartz and garnet preclude significant retrograde isotope exchange during exhumation, and the wide range in whole-rock oxygen-isotope composition is thought to be a presubduction signature of the precursors. Aqueous fluids with variable salinities and gas species (N2-, CO2-, or CH4-rich), are trapped as primary inclusions in garnet, omphacite and epidote, and in quartz blebs enclosed within eclogitic minerals. In high-δ18O HP/UHPM rocks from Hujialin and Shima, high-salinity brine and/or N2 inclusions occur in garnet porphyroblasts, which also contain inclusions of coesite, Cl-rich blue amphibole and dolomite. In contrast, in low-δ18O eclogites from Qinglongshan and Huangzhen, the Cl concentrations in amphibole are very low, 〈 0.2 wt.%, and low-salinity aqueous inclusions occur in quartz inclusions in epidote porphyroblasts and in epidote cores. These low-salinity fluid inclusions are believed to be remnants of meteoric water, although the fluid composition was modified during pre- and syn-peak HP/UHPM. Eclogites at Houshuichegou and Hetang contain CH4-rich fluid inclusions, coexisting with high-salinity brine inclusions. Methane was probably formed under the influence of CO2-rich aqueous fluids during serpentinisation of mantle-derived peridotites prior to or during plate subduction. Remnants of premetamorphic low- to high-salinity aqueous fluid with minor N2 and/or other gas species preserved in the Dabie-Sulu HP/UHPM eclogites and garnet clinopyroxenite indicate a great diversity of initial fluid composition in the precursors, implying very limited fluid–rock interaction during syn- and post-peak HP/UHPM.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 19 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Fluid inclusions in coesite-bearing eclogites and jadeite quartzite at Shuanghe in Dabie Shan, East-central China, have preserved remnants of early, prograde and/or peak metamorphic fluids, reset during post-UHP (ultrahigh-pressure) metamorphic uplift. Inclusions occur in several minerals (e.g. omphacite & epidote), notably as isolated, primary inclusions in quartz included in various host minerals. Two major fluid types have been identified: non-polar fluid species (N2 or CO2) and aqueous, the latter is by far the most predominant. Aqueous fluids cover a wide range of salinity, from halite-bearing brines to low salinity fluids. For non-polar fluids, few N2 inclusions occur in undeformed eclogite, whereas a number of CO2-rich inclusions have been found in microshear zones of eclogite or jadeite quartzite in close proximity to marble occurrences.The primary character of N2 and high-salinity aqueous inclusions indicates that they are remnants from UHP metamorphic fluids and for some there is the distinct possibility that they are ultimately derived from pre-metamorphic fluids. This conclusion is supported by the preservation, in some samples, of microdomains containing synchronous inclusions of variable salinities, which tend to relate to the chemical composition of the host crystal. Carbonic fluids may be derived from neighbouring rocks, notably marble and carbonate-bearing metasediments, during post-metamorphic uplift. During post-UHP exhumation, a limited decrease of the fluid density has occurred, with formation of new sets of fluid inclusions. Fluid movements, however, remained exceedingly limited, at the scale of the enclosing crystal.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2831-2833 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mass-selected carbon ion beam deposition (MSIBD) was used to demonstrate that the diameter of a carbon nanotube could be as small as 0.4 nm, the theoretical limit predicted but never experimentally reached so far. The deposition was performed at an elevated temperature much lower than the high temperatures (800–1000 °C) needed for deposition of carbon nanotubes by conventional methods. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that the combination of the stress induced by the ion impact and the C migration at the temperature applied formed graphitic sheets with their normal (c axis) parallel to the surface of the silicon substrate. Some sheets closed to form multiwall nanotubes. The smallest diameter of the innermost tube was found to be 0.4 nm. The novel use of MSIBD (a pure method, catalyst free, low deposition temperature, easily applied to large surfaces without surface pretreatment capable of pattern-writing) may significantly advance the carbon nanostructure technology. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3304-3306 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter reports the synthesis and optical characterization of GaAs nanowires obtained by oxide-assisted laser ablation of a mixture of GaAs and Ga2O3. The GaAs nanowires have lengths up to tens of micrometers and diameters in the range of 10–120 nm, with an average of 60 nm. The nanowires have a thin oxide layer covering a crystalline GaAs core with a [1¯11] growth direction. Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL) characterizations of GaAs nanowires reveal that the spectral peaks significantly shifted and broadened from those of bulk GaAs material. The changes in these spectra are mainly attributed to impurities, defects, and residual stress in the GaAs nanowires. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Terra nova 2 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The effect of Rayleigh distillation by outgassing of SO2 and H2O on the isotopic composition of sulphur remaining in silicate melts is quantitatively modelled. A threshold mole fraction of sulphur in the sulphide component of the melts is reckoned as being critically important in shifting the δ34S value of degassed melts with respect to the original magmas. During the outgassing, melts above the threshold are depleted in 34S, whereas melts below the threshold are enriched in 34S. In particular, the outgassing of SO2 above the sulphide threshold can produce large negative δ34S values in the degassed melts, whereas the outgassing of H2S below the threshold will strongly drive the δ34S value of the melts in the positive direction. The correlation between δ34S value and sulphur content of total sulphur in the solidified rocks is indicative of the Rayleigh-type degassing.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 1070-1072 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 120 (1993), S. 247-263 
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 79 (1992), S. 511-512 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 79 (1990), S. 789-796 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Pitchblende and uraniferous ore samples from the Taoshan uranium deposits were investigated by the U-Pb method. All data yielded discordant U-Pb ages which indicate a complex U-Pb evolution. Age calculations for the isochron method, the Tera-Wasserburg concordia model and the Pb-Pb isochron plane model gave identical results. The uranium mineralization took place about 70 Ma ago, equivalent to the thermal event at the end of Cretaceous. A further age of about 512 Ma is explained to indicate an episodic U-Pb differentiation at the end of Cambrian by the tectonometamorphism of uranium source in this region.
    Abstract: Résumé La méthode U/Pb a été appliquée à la pechblende et au minerai uranifère du gisement de Taoshan. Toutes les mesures ont fourni des âges U/Pb discordants, ce qui indique une évolution complexe de l'association U-Pb. Les calculs de l'âge, effectués par la méthode de l'isochrone, par le modèle Concordia de Tera-Wasserburg et par le modèle de la surface isochrone Pb-Pb ont donné des résultats sensiblement identiques. La minéralisation en uranium s'est effectuée il y a 70 Ma environ et correspond à un événement thermique de la fin du Crétacé. Un âge supplémentaire de 512 Ma est expliqué par une différenciation épisodique U-Pb à la fin du Cambrien, en relation avec l'histoire tectono-métamorphique des roches qui sont la source de l'uranium dans cette région.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Pechblenden und uranhaltige Erze aus den Uranlagerstätten von Taoshan wurden mit der U/Pb-Methode untersucht. Alle Daten ergaben diskordante U/Pb-Alter und zeigen damit eine complexe U/Pb-Entwicklung. Altersberechnung mit der Isochronenmethode, dem Tera-Wasserburg Konkordia-Modell und dem Pb/Pb-Isochronenflächen-Modell ergaben nahezu übereinstimmende Ergebnisse. Die Uranmineralisation fand vor ungefähr 70 Ma statt und korrespondiert mit einem thermischen Ereignis am Ende der Kreide. Ein weiteres Alter von etwa 512 Ma läßt sich mit einer episodischen U/Pb-Differenzierung am Ende des Kambriums verursacht durch eine Tektonometamorphisierung der Uranlieferanten in diesem Gebiet interpretieren.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 118 (1994), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Oxygen isotope partitioning between calcite and tremolite was experimentally calibrated in the presence of small amounts of a supercritical CO2−H2O fluid at temperatures from 520 to 680° C and pressures from 3 to 10 kbar. The experiments were carried out within the stability field of the calcite-tremolite assemblage based on phase equilibrium relationships in the system CaO−MgO−SiO2−CO2−H2O, so that decomposition of calcite and tremolite was avoided under the experimental conditions. Appropriate proportions of carbon dioxide to water were used to meet this requirement. Large weight ratios of mineral to fluid were employed in order to make the isotopic exchange between calcite and tremolite in the presence of a fluid close to that without fluid. The data processing method for isotopic exchange in a three-phase system has been applied to extrapolate partial equilibrium data to equilibrium values. The determined fractionation factors between calcite (Cc) and tremolite (Tr) are expressed as:1031n αCc-Tr=3.80 × 106/T 2-1.67 By combining the present data with the experimental calibrations of Clayton et al. (1989) on the calcite-quartz system, we obtain the fractionation for the quartztremolite system: 1031n αQz-Tr=4.18 × 106/T 2-1.67 Our experimental calibrations are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations of Hoffbauer et al. (1994) and the empirical estimates of Bottinga and Javoy (1975) based on isotopic data from naturall assemblages. At 700▿ C good agreement also exists between our experimental data and theoretical values calculated by Zheng (1993b). With decreasing temperature, however, an increasing difference between these data appears. Retrograde isotopic reequilibration by oxygen diffusion may be common for amphibole relative to diopside in metamorphic rocks. However, isotopic equilibrium in amphibole can be preserved in cases of rapid cooling.
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