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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure in rapidly solidified Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys has been reexamined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the weakening intermetallic phases, e.g. hexagonal, Z, face centred cubic (f.c.c), T, and tetragonal, H, (new phase) phases, exist in alloys with relatively high contents of Mg besides the strengthening phases. The sizes of these weakening intermetallic phases are on the scale of micrometres. The newly found tetragonal H phase, having parameters of a = 2.8 nm and c = 2.4 nm, was observed to coexist with the Z phase, and has a defined orientation relationship with the Z phase. High resolution images reveal that there are planar defects and 90 ° domains in the Z phase, multiple twins in the T phase, and two well defined crystallographic orientation relationships between the Z and T phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 5999-6004 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Particle effects on friction and wear of 6061 aluminium (6061 Al) reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al2O3) particles were investigated by means of Vickers microhardness measurements and scratch tests. Unreinforced 6061 Al matrix alloy was also studied for comparison. To explore the effect of heat treatment, materials subjected to three different heat treatment conditions, i.e. under-aged, over-aged and T6, were used. Multiplescratch tests using a diamond and a steel indentor were also carried out to simulate real abrasive wear processes. Vickers microhardness measurements indicated that T6 heattreated composites had the highest hardness. Single-scratch tests showed that the variation of friction coefficient was similar to that of Vickers hardness and the peak-aged composites exhibited the best wear resistance. The wear rate of fine particle-reinforced composites was mainly affected by hardness. However, the wear rate of large particle-reinforced composites was influenced by both the hardness and fracture of the particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 1639-1645 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms of macroscopic ductile deformation of brittle ceramics during grinding operations are still unclear although the microcracking-free processes of grinding have been used widely in industry. This paper analyses the dislocation structure in the plastic zones of scratched alumina. It is shown that there exist three independent slip systems (two basal and one prism) and two twin systems even far below the critical onset temperatures of these systems that is usually expected. This new finding explains the formation mechanism of the macroscopic deformation induced by scratching and indicates that it is the stress field around the cutting edge which plays an important role in the activation of the slip systems. The present study offers a new insight into the mechanism understanding of material removal in ductile-regime grinding of ceramic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 1967-1971 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Wear experiments have shown that when the applied normal stress exceeds a critical value, a transition occurs from the regime of mild wear to that of adhesive wear. As a result, the wear rate of particle-reinforced aluminium composites increases by a hundred-fold. Based on dislocation and delamination theories, a criterion is proposed for determining the critical transition load, and a quantitative model is developed for adhesive wear in a wear system of a steel disc sliding against aluminium matrix composite pins. Experimental results of four kinds of metal-matrix composites confirm the validity of the criterion and the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 2563-2571 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Stress-induced γ→α2, α2→γ and γ→9R phase transformations in a hot-deformed Ti–45 at% Al–10 at% Nb alloy have been investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The γ→α2 phase transformation is an interface-related process. The interfacial superdislocations emitted from the misoriented semicoherent α2–γ interface react with each other or with the moving dislocations in the γ phase, resulting in the formation of the α2 phase. The nucleation of the α2→γ phase transformation takes place either at the α2–γ interfaces or at the stacking faults on the basal plane of α2 phase, and the growth of γ plate is accomplished by the moving of a/6〈1 0 1 0〉 Shockley partials on alternate basal plane (0 0 0 1)α2. The 9R structure was usually found to form at incoherent twin or pseudotwin boundaries. During deformation the interfacial Shockley partial dislocations of these incoherent twin and pseudotwin boundaries may glide on (1 1 1)γ planes into the matrix, resulting in the formation of 9R structure. The interfaces (including α2–γ and γ–γ interfaces) as well as the crystallographic orientation relationship between the as-received or stress-induced α2, γ and 9R phase have been analysed. The mechanisms for the stress-induced γ→α2, α2→γ and γ→9R phase transformations were also discussed. © 1998 Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 1961-1966 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Pin-on-disc dry sliding tests were carried out to study the wear mechanisms in a range of metal-matrix composites. 6061-aluminium alloys reinforced with 10 and 20 vol% SiC and Al2O3 particles were used as pin materials, and a mild steel disc was used as a counterface. A transition from mild wear to severe wear was found for the present composites; the wear rate increased by a factor of 102. The effects of the ceramic particles on the transition load and wear with varying normal pressure were thoroughly investigated. Three wear mechanisms were identified: abrasion in the running-in period, oxidation during steady wear at low load levels, and adhesion at high loads. A higher particle volume fraction raised the transition load but increased the wear rate in the abrasion and adhesion regimes. Increase of particle size was more effective than increase of volume fraction to prolong the transition from mild wear to adhesive wear. The reasons for different wear mechanisms were determined by analyses of the worn surfaces and wear debris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 2413-2431 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: consistent algorithm ; plastic deformation ; dynamic relaxation ; computational stability ; convergence rate ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper proposed a new efficient method, the consistent DXDR method, for analysing general elastic-plastic problems. Two important factors in computational plasticity, the convergence and stability, were addressed. The method was constructed through a natural combination of two vital components: the DXDR algorithm which had been proved to be a powerful equation solver developed by the authors and a stable consistent algorithm for the integration of the constitutive equations of plasticity. Numerical examples demonstrated in detail the efficiency, accuracy, and stability attainable in solving various engineering problems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 15 (1991), S. 241-250 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper analyses the shape effect on the tensile strength of axisymmetric rock specimens by an improved adaptive dynamic relaxation method. It is shown that the present approach is convenient and efficient. Numerical results for spheroidal specimens with different shapes reveal the variation of stress distributions along the loading axes and suggest that loading along the shorter principal axis is preferable in strength tests. Furthermore, an empirical formula based on the failure criterion of maximum tensile stress is proposed to evaluate the tensile strength of specimen materials.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
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