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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: For three school years, from 2007 to 2010, about 200 high-needs New York City public schools participated in the Schoolwide Performance Bonus Program, whose broad objective was to improve student performance through school-based financial incentives. An independent analysis of test scores, surveys, and interviews found that the program did not improve student achievement, perhaps because it did not motivate change in educator behavior.
    Keywords: Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKD Examinations & assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDH Education: examinations and assessment ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This evaluation describes the Regional Choice Initiative (RCI), a large-scale initiative in 17 school districts in Pennsylvania. The RCI sought to expand school choice and offer more-rigorous courses for students in grades 7 to 12. RAND evaluated the performance of the individual programs and the RCI overall. The authors also identified aspects of implementation that facilitated or hindered the performance of the RCI.
    Keywords: Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKD Examinations & assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools::JNLC Secondary schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNS Teaching of specific groups & persons with special educational needs::JNSV Teaching of students with English as a second language (TESOL) ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDG Curriculum planning and development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDH Education: examinations and assessment ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLC Secondary schools ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This report explores the feasibility of and challenges associated with building a repository of assessments of hard-to-measure competencies. The authors examined the procedures needed to collect, review, document, and catalog assessments for a computerized database. The authors also examined web-based archives to identify the best functional modules and user-interface features to incorporate into a repository of measures.
    Keywords: Technology ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDH Education: examinations and assessment ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Two test consortia are developing a next generation of tests to measure students’ attainment of the Common Core State Standards. These tests are expected to assess greater deeper learning skills than existing large-scale tests. A RAND study rated the cognitive demand of six nationally and internationally administered exams. The findings establish a benchmark for comparing how well the new generation of tests performs in assessing deeper learning.
    Keywords: Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools::JNLB Primary & middle schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools::JNLC Secondary schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNS Teaching of specific groups & persons with special educational needs::JNSV Teaching of students with English as a second language (TESOL) ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLB Primary and middle schools ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLC Secondary schools ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This report examines Pittsburgh Public Schools' implementation and outcomes of the Pittsburgh Principal Incentive Program from school years 2007-2008 through 2010-2011, how principals and other school staff have responded to the reforms, and what outcomes accompanied program implementation.
    Keywords: History ; Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNK Educational administration and organization ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 194 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The establishment of the intestinal microflora, and probiotic bacteria, may control the inflammatory conditions in the gut. As polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) possess antimicrobial activities, they may deter the action of probiotics. We assessed whether free linoleic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic, α-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids at physiological concentrations in the growth media would influence the growth and adhesion of Lactobacillus GG (probiotic), Lactobacillus casei Shirota (probiotic) and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (dairy strain). Higher concentrations of PUFA (10–40 μg PUFA ml−1) inhibited growth and mucus adhesion of all tested bacterial strains, whilst growth and mucus adhesion of L. casei Shirota was promoted by low concentrations of γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (at 5 μg ml−1), respectively. PUFA also altered bacterial adhesion sites on Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells grown in the presence of arachidonic acid were less adhered to by all three bacterial strains. Yet, L. casei Shirota adhered better on Caco-2 cells grown in the presence of α-linolenic acid. As the adhesion to mucosal surfaces is pivotal in health promoting effects by probiotics, our results indicate that the action of probiotics in the gut may be modulated by dietary PUFA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 31 (1989), S. 298-301 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A method of supplying CO2 to photosynthetic algal cultures by diffusion through a gas-permeable membrane was developed. The diffusion of CO2 across a silicone membrane could be described by Fick's Laws of Diffusion, with a permeability constant of 1.92x10-7 m2/min. By the manipulation of tubing dimensions and the partial pressure or static pressure of CO2 gas within the tubing, the rate of CO2 supply could be controlled. Pure CO2 was applied to the cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa with 100% utilization and without the side effect of CO2 inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This research is aimed at the development and characterization of a novel bioceramic coatingon the surface of pure titanium. Nano-TiO2/HA composite bioceramic coating was designed anddeveloped on the surfaces of pure titanium discs by sol-gel route. The TiO2 anatase bioceramic coatingwas employed as the inner layer, which could adhere tightly to the titanium substrate. The porous HAbioceramic coating was employed as the outer layer, which has higher solubility and better short termbioactivity. Conventional HA coatings and commercially pure titanium (cpTi) were taken as control.XRD and SEM were employed to characterize the crystallization, surface morphology and thickness ofthe coatings. The bioactivities of the coatings were evaluated by the in vitro osteoblasts culture. Resultsshow the nano-TiO2/HA composite bioceramic coating has good crystallization and homogeneous,nano-scale surface morphology. And it adheres tightly to the substrate. The in vitro osteoblasts cultureexhibits satisfactory bioactivity
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: fatty acids ; Porphyridium cruentum ; salinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Porphyridium cruentum Näg. (clone 161) was found to grow best in medium containing between 0.45 M and 0.8 M NaCl. From studies done on growing cultures, the palmitic acid content of the cells decreased with increasing NaCl concentration of the medium. Conversely, when the culture was transferred from a 0.8 M NaCl medium to 0.2 M NaCl, the amount of palmitic acid in thePorphyridium cells increased with time of incubation and it contributed up to 64.5% of the total fatty acid content. There appears to be a negative correlation between the cellular content of palmitic acid and the growth lag. The oleic acid content varied only marginally with increasing NaCl concentration. The poly-unsaturated acid content (linolenic and arachidonic acids) decreased initially and then increased with NaCl concentration up to and beyond ca. 0.8 M NaCl respectively. At 1.5 M NaCl, the poly-unsaturated fatty acids amounted to 78.2% of the total fatty acids in the cell. For stationary phaseP. cruentum cultures, a similar relationship existed between fatty acids and NaCl concentration. However, palmitic acid was accumulated up to three-fold more when compared to the exponential culture grown in low salinity. In addition stearic acid was also found in significant quantities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 5 (1993), S. 547-549 
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Trentepohlia odorata ; Dunaliella bardawil ; light intensity ; nitrogen ; growth ; carotenogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract AxenicTrentepohlia odorata was cultured at three different NH4Cl levels (3.5 × 10−2, 3.5 × 10−3, 3.5 × 10−4 M) and three different light intensities (48, 76, 122 µmol m−2 s−1). Chloride had no effect on growth over this range of concentration. High light intensity and high NH4Cl concentration enhanced the specific growth rate. The carotenoid content increased under a combination of high light intensity and low N concentration. WhenD. bardawil was exposed to the same combination of growth conditions, there was an increase in its carotenoid content. The light saturation and the light inhibition constants (K s andK i, respectively) for growth, and the saturation constant (K m) for NH4Cl were determined. TheK s andK i values were higher inT. odorata (66.7 and〉 122 σmol m−2 s−1, respectively) than inD. bardawil (5.1 and 14.7 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively). TheK m value determined at 122 µmol m−2 s−1, however, was lower inT. odorata (0.048 µM) than inD. bardawil (0.062 µM).
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