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1

Electronic Resource

Genetic structure of the subtidal red alga Delisea pulchra (2000)

Wright, J. T. ; Zuccarello, G. C. ; Steinberg, P. D.

Springer

Marine biology 136 (2000), S. 439-448

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) to examine small-scale spatial genetic structure in the red alga Delisea pulchra (Greville) Montagne at two locations near Sydney, Australia. We examined genetic structure among plants at four spatial scales ranging from 2 km apart down to 〈50 cm apart between locations, among sites within locations, among quadrats within sites, and among plants within quadrats. Haploid stages of D. pulchra were absent from the populations studied, suggesting that they are maintained through asexual reproduction of diploid plants. Consistent with this, we found that 19 RAPD phenotypes scored in this study had multiple individuals, indicating the presence of clones in these populations. However, there were no RAPD phenotypes common to two locations separated by only 2 km. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that strong genetic differences occurred between plants from these two locations, with 46.3% of the total genetic variation occurring at this scale, most probably reflecting limited gene flow. Within each location, 〈25% of the genetic variation was attributable to differences among sites or quadrats, indicating gene flow at those smaller scales. Most of the variation within each location occurred at the smallest spatial scale, among plants within 0.25 m2 quadrats. Nonetheless, some pairwise genetic distances (φST) between sites or quadrats within locations were large, indicating some genetic divergence on smaller scales. Genetic distance was independent of spatial distance within both locations, suggesting that fine-scale differences within locations were most probably caused by variation in fine-scale patterns of water movement or fine-scale natural selection. We assessed the impact of one potential selective agent, grazing sea urchins, on the fine-scale genetic structure of D. pulchra. There was no evidence that grazing by sea urchins affected the genetic structure of D. pulchra. In combination with demographic data, our results indicated that local populations of D. pulchra within locations were relatively open and that fine-scale genetic structure was probably constrained by gene flow. At the larger scale however, strong genetic differentiation indicated little gene flow between locations and restricted dispersal of spores.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050703

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Cytoplasmic proteins of porcine adipocytes: identification with monoclonal antibodiesMention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products which may be suitable. (1991)

Wright, J. T. ; Hausman, G. J.

New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 284-291

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ISSN: 0730-2312

Keywords: preadipocyte ; growth hormone ; immunocytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: In the present study, monoclonal antibodies were produced using porcine adipocyte extracts as the immunogen. Two of the monoclonal antibodies, designated CB6 and IB4, exhibited reactivity toward only cells containing lipid in stromal-vascular cell cultures. The antigens recognized by the CB6 and IB4 monoclonal antibodies were 50 kD and 55 kD proteins, respectively. In vivo, IB4 immunoreactivity was detected only in lipid-containing cells, whereas immunofluorescence using CB6 was also detectable around muscle fiber bundles underlying the subcutaneous mesenchyme. In fetal subcutaneous mesenchyme, CB6 and IB4 immunoreactivities toward lipid-containing cells increased with developmental age, but each was not detectable in cells containing the smallest lipid droplets. In stromal-vascular cultures containing adipocytes, 48 hour treatment with the anti-lipogenic agent, growth hormone, only slightly altered CB6 immunoreactivity, whereas IB4 immunoreactivity was reduced by more than sixfold. The exact identity of the CB6 and IB4 antigens was not determined, but each may be useful as markers for studying regulation of adipocyte metabolism.

Additional Material: 4 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450311

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Flow cytometric analysis of porcine preadipocytes (1992)

Wright, J. T.

New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 48 (1992), S. 385-392

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ISSN: 0730-2312

Keywords: FACS ; pig ; monoclonal antibody ; immunofluoresence ; adipocyte differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: In this report, conditions have been established for utilizing monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence activated flow cytometry in studying antigen expression by primary porcine stromal-vascular cells cultured under various conditions. Single cells were isolated from cultures maintained in DME/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 2% pig serum, and containing 2% pig serum and 10 nM dexamethasone supplemented with growth hormone (GH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Flow cytometric analyses revealed that the proportion of cells expressing detectable levels of the AD-1 cell surface antigen was greater in cultures supplemented with 2% pig serum and 10nM dexamethasone than in other media. In cultures, GH, TNF-α and TGF-β each inhibited lipid deposition, whereas TNF-α and TGF-β, but not GH, inhibited AD-1 antigen expression. Inhibition of lipid deposition as well as antigen expression by TNF-α and TGF-β was reversible, but inhibition of cluster formation by GH was not reversed upon removal from cultures. In summary, differential effects of factors on surface antigen expression by preadipocytes are detectable by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies produced against key developmentally regulated cell surface antigens is potentially a powerful analytical approach to the study of adipocyte development.

Additional Material: 7 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240480407

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4

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Oxidized orlon as a blood interface (1976)

Ross, J. N. ; Wright, J. T. M. ; Eskin, S. ; [et al.]

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 10 (1976), S. 583-594

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ISSN: 0021-9304

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Medicine , Technology

Notes: Polyacrylonitrile fabric (Orlon) may be oxidized by heating in air, when it becomes black and carbonized. During the heat treatment, the fibers shrink; this shrinkage allows components such as diaphrams to be shaped around molds. Oxidation reduces the tensile strength by about 25% and also reduces the stiffness of the material.The oxidized Orlon was screened in tissue culture for possible cytotoxic effects. Finding none, patches of the material were sutured into the right atrium of dogs and examined after 48 hr. Because of encouraging results, 10 atrial patches, consisting of Dacron velour and oxidized Orlon side-by-side, were implanted into the right atrium of dogs. Five patches were backed with Silastic to render them impervious, and five with segmented polyurethane. The atrial patches were examined after 48 hr, and in all instances the oxidized Orlon part of the patch was coated with a thinner and smoother fibrin layer than was the Dacron velour half.A left ventricular bypass pump was fabricated from oxidized Orlon and spraycoated on the nonblood surface with segmented polyurethane. After 48 hr implantation in the chest cavity of a calf, pumping without systemic anticoagulation, the pump was found covered by a thin, smooth, firmly attached layer of fibrin.

Additional Material: 10 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820100415

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Demonstration of a Two Species Noble Gas Maser (1996)

Stoner, R. E. ; Rosenberry, M. A. ; Wright, J. T. ; [et al.]

American Physical Society

In: Physical Review Letters. 1996; 77(19): 3971-3974. Published 1996 Nov 04. doi: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3971.

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Publication Date: 1996-11-04

Print ISSN: 0031-9007

Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114

Topics: Physics

Published by American Physical Society

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An empirically derived three-dimensional Laplace resonance in the Gliese 876 planetary system (2015)

Nelson, B. E., Robertson, P. M., Payne, M. J., Pritchard, S. M., Deck, K. M., Ford, E. B., Wright, J. T., Isaacson, H. T.

Oxford University Press

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Publication Date: 2015-11-25

Description: We report constraints on the three-dimensional orbital architecture for all four planets known to orbit the nearby M dwarf Gliese 876 based solely on Doppler measurements and demanding long-term orbital stability. Our data set incorporates publicly available radial velocities taken with the ELODIE and CORALIE spectrographs, High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS), and Keck HIgh Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) as well as previously unpublished HIRES velocities. We first quantitatively assess the validity of the planets thought to orbit GJ 876 by computing the Bayes factors for a variety of different coplanar models using an importance sampling algorithm. We find that a four-planet model is preferred over a three-planet model. Next, we apply a Newtonian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to perform a Bayesian analysis of the planet masses and orbits using an N -body model in three-dimensional space. Based on the radial velocities alone, we find that a 99 per cent credible interval provides upper limits on the mutual inclinations for the three resonant planets ( cb 〈 6 $_{.}^{\circ}$ 20 for the ${c}$ and ${b}$ pair and be 〈 28 $_{.}^{\circ}$ 5 for the ${b}$ and ${e}$ pair). Subsequent dynamical integrations of our posterior sample find that the GJ 876 planets must be roughly coplanar ( cb 〈 2 $_{.}^{\circ}$ 60 and be 〈 7 $_{.}^{\circ}$ 87), suggesting that the amount of planet–planet scattering in the system has been low. We investigate the distribution of the respective resonant arguments of each planet pair and find that at least one argument for each planet pair and the Laplace argument librate. The libration amplitudes in our three-dimensional orbital model support the idea of the outer three planets having undergone significant past disc migration.

Print ISSN: 0035-8711

Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966

Topics: Physics

Published by Oxford University Press

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The 55 Cancri planetary system: fully self-consistent N-body constraints and a dynamical analysis (2014)

Nelson, B. E., Ford, E. B., Wright, J. T., Fischer, D. A., von Braun, K., Howard, A. W., Payne, M. J., Dindar, S.

Oxford University Press

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Publication Date: 2014-04-27

Description: We present an updated study of the planets known to orbit 55 Cancri A using 1 418 high-precision radial velocity observations from four observatories (Lick, Keck, Hobby-Eberly Telescope, Harlan J. Smith Telescope) and transit time/durations for the inner-most planet, 55 Cancri ‘e’ (Winn et al. 2011 ). We provide the first posterior sample for the masses and orbital parameters based on self-consistent N -body orbital solutions for the 55 Cancri planets, all of which are dynamically stable (for at least 10 8 yr). We apply a GPU version of Radial velocity Using N -body Differential evolution Markov Chain Monte Carlo ( run dmc ; Nelson, Ford & Payne) to perform a Bayesian analysis of the radial velocity and transit observations. Each of the planets in this remarkable system has unique characteristics. Our investigation of high-cadence radial velocities and priors based on space-based photometry yields an updated mass estimate for planet ‘e’ (8.09 ± 0.26 M ), which affects its density ( $5.51\pm ^{1.32}_{1.00}$ g cm –3 ) and inferred bulk composition. Dynamical stability dictates that the orbital plane of planet ‘e’ must be aligned to within 60° of the orbital plane of the outer planets (which we assume to be coplanar). The mutual interactions between the planets ‘b’ and ‘c’ may develop an apsidal lock about 180°. We find 36–45 per cent of all our model systems librate about the anti-aligned configuration with an amplitude of $51^\circ \pm ^{6^\circ }_{10^\circ }$ . Other cases showed short-term perturbations in the libration of b – c , circulation, and nodding, but we find the planets are not in a 3:1 mean-motion resonance. A revised orbital period and eccentricity for planet ‘d’ pushes it further towards the closest known Jupiter analogue in the exoplanet population.

Print ISSN: 0035-8711

Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966

Topics: Physics

Published by Oxford University Press

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