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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automatic evaluation of antifungal volatile compounds on the basis of the dynamic growth process of a single hypha (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 790-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract An automatic analysing system was developed and employed for the evaluation of antifungal activity of volatile compounds in the gas phase. Aspergillus niger was inoculated on agar medium in the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel was incubated at 28° C for 24 h and then a volatile compound was introduced into the vessel either in a batch or flow manner. The antifungal activity of the respective compounds estimated in situ was expressed by the dynamic response parameters of a single hypha. All volatiles tested in the present system inhibited hyphal growth, except linalyl acetate: Limone and geraniol were the most inhibitory. In contrast, linalyl acetate promoted hyphal growth. By definition of the parameters, the fungicidal and fungistatic effects could be distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167146
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of antifungal activity of antimycotics by automatic analyzing system (1992)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 118 (1992), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Antifungal activity ; antimycotics ; automatic analyzer ; dynamic growth process ; single hypha ; minimum inhibitory concentration ; morphological changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antifungal activity of several antimycotics has been evaluated using an automatic analyzing system (AAS), which is composed of a specially designed reaction vessel, microscopic observation system, image analyzing system, and computer program for automatic tracing of hypha growth. The agar plate was prepared on the ceiling of the reaction vessel, and spore mass of a fungus (Aspergillus niger) was inoculated onto it. After the preincubation at 28 °C for 24 h the reaction vessel was set on a microscope stage and connected to the liquid flow system. An appropriate hypha was selected for the measurement of growth process during the following steps: first contact with saline for 30 min for the adaptation, the second contact with same saline for 30 min, contact with saline containing an antimycotic substance for 60 min, and contact with flushing saline for 60 min. During a sequence of these steps, the apical tip of a growing hypha displayed on a TV monitor was followed automatically. The dynamic response of hypha to an agent was analyzed by several parameters. Morphological changes of the hypha caused by respective agents were recorded on VTR for further analysis. By using this system, the antifungal activity of antimycotics could be quantitatively determined within several hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442534
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of antimycotics on the biosynthesis of cellular macromolecules inAspergillus niger protoplasts (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 122 (1993), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Antimycotics ; Biosynthesis of macromolecules ; Protoplasts ; Radioactive precursors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of nine antimycotics on the biosynthesis of cellular macromolecules were analyzed using the regenerating system of protoplats ofAspergillus niger. The incorporation of several specific radioactive precursors into major cellular components were measured in the presence or in the absence of respective agents. Miconazole, ketoconazole, and tolnaftate inhibited the lipid synthesis. 5-Fluorocytosine strongly inhibited the DNA and protein syntheses. Griseofulvin, however, specifically inhibited the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides, i.e. chitin and glucan. Other agents showed non-specific inhibition effects. The significance of morphological change of hypha as an indicator of antimycotic action and its feasibility as a screening tool for novel antimycotic compounds are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103473
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An infection of cow with Mortierella wolfii (1988)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 101 (1988), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Mortierella wolfii ; cow ; hepatic lesions ; lung ; bronchiole ; bloodvessel walls
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A Japanese black cow from a farm in Gunma prefecture showed pyrexia, anorexia and depression. An autopsy revealed hepatic lesions consisting of numerous approximately spherical pale lesions scattered about on the surface and cut parts. The inflammatory lesions were observed in the right lobe of the lung. A part of the trachea was whitish and thickened. Histologically, necrotic foci were observed throughout most of the liver with fungal proliferation about the blood vessels. The lesions of the lung were seriously exudative and the fungus was also present in some of the bronchiole and on bloodvessel walls. Mortierella wolfii was isolated from the liver. The hyphae in the liver were identical in appearance with those seen in the tissues of rabbits experimentally inoculated with M. wolfii. This report is the first case of M. wolfii infection in Japan
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00452892
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Keratomycosis due toAlternaria alternata corneal transplant infection (1987)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 100 (1987), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 53-year-old woman was found to have an ulcer on her successfully transplanted corneal graft. Many fungal elements were observed in the smear of the ulcerated tissue, andAlternaria alternata was cultured. The ulcer was treated with pimaricin and thimerosol topically, and 5-fluorocytocin (5FC) generally and healed to scar after two months. The ulcer did not invade the host cornea, but remained in the donner cornea in all clinical course. The MIC of five drugs on the isolated strain was following; thimerosal 0.0063, pimaricin 2.0, amphotericin B 3.2, aystatin 6.3 and 5FC 100.0 μg/ml each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00769563
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of anti-Aspergillus activity of antifungal agents based on the dynamic growth rate of a single hypha (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 39 (1993), S. 363-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic growth rate of a single hypha of Aspergillus niger was analysed using an automatic system. A colony of A. niger was in contact with saline, saline containing an antifungal agent, and flushing saline, in sequence. The growth rate of a test hypha selected arbitrarily from the colony responded dynamically to the antifungal agent. The minimum concentration that caused the complete inhibition of hyphal growth was defined as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC values obtained were compared with those determined by conventional methods based on increasing rate of colony diameter or dry matter weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192093
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of Aspergillus niger to short-term salt strees (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1993), S. 394-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adaptation of filamentous fungi to short-term salt stress has been analysed by a continuous measurement system. Spores of Aspergillus niger were immobilized on the polylysine-coated glass bottom of a culture vessel, which enabled the exchange of a medium containing salt (NaCl) without disturbing continuous observation. Repeated contacts with 0.75% NaCl produced hypha insensitive to this concentration of NaCl. When the NaCl concentration was increased stepwise, the tolerated concentration increased up to 1.25%. The acquisition of such a tolerance to 0.75% NaCl required about 10 min prior contact with 0.5% NaCl. Based on these results, the adaptation mechanism is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170399
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of antifungal pre-treatment in preparing test mycelium on MIC values of several antifungal agents againstAspergillus niger (1996)
    Springer
    Mycoscience 37 (1996), S. 117-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Keywords: adaptation ; antifungal pre-treatment ; Aspergillus niger ; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Antifungal activity of two imidazoles (miconazole and ketoconazole) and one polyene (amphotericin B) was evaluated using an automatic growth analysis system. Spores ofAspergillus niger were inoculated on the polylysine-coated glass bottom of a culture vessel. A colony formed in liquid medium was exposed to an antifungal agent and subsequently washed. Based on the dynamic growth rate of a test hypha selected from the colony in response to the antifungal agent, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated. The influence of time of reading (1, 2 and 3 h after washing) on the MIC determined was investigated. MICs for test hyphae subjected to antifungal pre-treatment were compared with those for hyphae without pre-treatment. Hyphae pre-treated with an antifungal agent for 1 h were found to become adapted and tolerant to that antifungal agent. Hyphae exposed and adapted to an imidazole obtained tolerance to amphotericin B as well as to the other imidazole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02461335
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid viability assessment of spores of several fungi by an ionic intensified fluorescein diacetate method (1995)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 30 (1995), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was applied to the viability assessment of spores of Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium citrinum. The fluorescence of individual cells was quantitated with a charge coupled device (CCD) detector. When staining was carried out in a phosphate buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.0), weak or no fluorescence was emitted from viable spores of A. niger and R. stolonifer, which made it difficult to distinguish between viable (nontreated) and nonviable (heat treated at 90°C for 30 min) spores. The addition of NaCl, KCl, or MgCl2 to the staining solution caused an increase in the fluorescence intensity of A. niger viable spores, from which nonviable spores could be distinguished. The same effect of NaCl was observed in staining the spores of other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mating experiment of Microsporum canis and M. equinum isolated from animals with Nannizzia otae (1985)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 90 (1985), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifty six isolates of Microsporum canis and 54 isolates of M. equinum obtained from animals in Japan were paired with either Nannizzia otae (+) or (−) tester strain. Of the 56 M. canis isolates, only two were compatible with the tester strain of N. otae (−), and 27 isolates were with N. otae (+). No gymnothecium was produced by 33 isolates of M. canis and the 54 isolates of M. equinum in combination with tester strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437278
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