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  • 1
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    Effects of titanium particle size on osteoblast functions in vitro and in vivo (2005)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-08
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Human Vascular Microphysiological System for in vitro Drug Screening (2016)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-02-18
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    The use of mild trypsinization conditions in the detachment of endothelial cells to promote subsequent endothelialization on synthetic surfaces (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0142-9612
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-5905
    Topics: Biology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Medicine
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
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    Relationship between 3T3 cell spreading and the strength of adhesion on glass and silane surfaces (1993)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0142-9612
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-5905
    Topics: Biology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Medicine
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
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    Endothelial, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle exhibit different viscous and elastic properties as determined by atomic force microscopy (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This study evaluated the hypothesis that, due to functional and structural differences, the apparent elastic modulus and viscous behavior of cardiac and skeletal muscle and vascular endothelium would differ. To accurately determine the elastic modulus, the contribution of probe velocity, indentation depth, and the assumed shape of the probe were examined. Hysteresis was observed at high indentation velocities arising from viscous effects. Irreversible deformation was not observed for endothelial cells and hysteresis was negligible below 1 microm/s. For skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle cells, hysteresis was negligible below 0.25 microm/s. Viscous dissipation for endothelial and cardiac muscle cells was higher than for skeletal muscle cells. The calculated elastic modulus was most sensitive to the assumed probe geometry for the first 60 nm of indentation for the three cell types. Modeling the probe as a blunt cone-spherical cap resulted in variation in elastic modulus with indentation depth that was less than that calculated by treating the probe as a conical tip. Substrate contributions were negligible since the elastic modulus reached a steady value for indentations above 60 nm and the probe never indented more than 10% of the cell thickness. Cardiac cells were the stiffest (100.3+/-10.7 kPa), the skeletal muscle cells were intermediate (24.7+/-3.5 kPa), and the endothelial cells were the softest with a range of elastic moduli (1.4+/-0.1 to 6.8+/-0.4 kPa) depending on the location of the cell surface tested. Cardiac and skeletal muscle exhibited nonlinear elastic behavior. These passive mechanical properties are generally consistent with the function of these different cell types.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Journal of biomechanics (ISSN 0021-9290); 34; 12; 1545-53
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Orientation and length of mammalian skeletal myocytes in response to a unidirectional stretch (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Effects of mechanical forces exerted on mammalian skeletal muscle cells during development were studied using an in vitro model to unidirectionally stretch cultured C2C12 cells grown on silastic membrane. Previous models to date have not studied these responses of the mammalian system specifically. The silastic membrane upon which these cells were grown exhibited linear strain behavior over the range of 3.6-14.6% strain, with a Poisson's ratio of approximately 0.5. To mimic murine in utero long bone growth, cell substrates were stretched at an average strain rate of 2.36%/day for 4 days or 1.77%/day for 6 days with an overall membrane strain of 9.5% and 10.6%, respectively. Both control and stretched fibers stained positively for the contractile protein, alpha-actinin, demonstrating muscle fiber development. An effect of stretch on orientation and length of myofibers was observed. At both strain rates, stretched fibers aligned at a smaller angle relative to the direction of stretch and were significantly longer compared to randomly oriented control fibers. There was no effect of duration of stretch on orientation or length, suggesting the cellular responses are independent of strain rate for the range tested. These results demonstrate that, under conditions simulating mammalian long bone growth, cultured myocytes respond to mechanical forces by lengthening and orienting along the direction of stretch.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Cell and tissue research (ISSN 0302-766X); 302; 2; 243-51
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Differentiation of mammalian skeletal muscle cells cultured on microcarrier beads in a rotating cell culture system (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The growth and repair of adult skeletal muscle are due in part to activation of muscle precursor cells, commonly known as satellite cells or myoblasts. These cells are responsive to a variety of environmental cues, including mechanical stimuli. The overall goal of the research is to examine the role of mechanical signalling mechanisms in muscle growth and plasticity through utilisation of cell culture systems where other potential signalling pathways (i.e. chemical and electrical stimuli) are controlled. To explore the effects of decreased mechanical loading on muscle differentiation, mammalian myoblasts are cultured in a bioreactor (rotating cell culture system), a model that has been utilised to simulate microgravity. C2C12 murine myoblasts are cultured on microcarrier beads in a bioreactor and followed throughout differentiation as they form a network of multinucleated myotubes. In comparison with three-dimensional control cultures that consist of myoblasts cultured on microcarrier beads in teflon bags, myoblasts cultured in the bioreactor exhibit an attenuation in differentiation. This is demonstrated by reduced immunohistochemical staining for myogenin and alpha-actinin. Western analysis shows a decrease, in bioreactor cultures compared with control cultures, in levels of the contractile proteins myosin (47% decrease, p 〈 0.01) and tropomyosin (63% decrease, p 〈 0.01). Hydrodynamic measurements indicate that the decrease in differentiation may be due, at least in part, to fluid stresses acting on the myotubes. In addition, constraints on aggregate size imposed by the action of fluid forces in the bioreactor affect differentiation. These results may have implications for muscle growth and repair during spaceflight.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Medical & biological engineering & computing (ISSN 0140-0118); 38; 5; 583-90
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of mammalian skeletal muscle cells cultured on microcarrier beads in a rotating cell culture system (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 583-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Myoblasts ; Differentiation ; Myogenin ; Bioreactor ; Simulated microgravity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The growth and repair of adult skeletal muscle are due in part to activation of muscle precursor cells, commonly known as satellite cells or myoblasts. These cells are responsive to a variety of environmental cues, including mechanical stimuli. The overall goal of the research is to examine the role of mechanical signalling mechanisms in muscle growth and plasticity through utilisation of cell culture systems where other potential signalling pathways (i.e. chemical and electrical stimuli) are controlled. To explore the effects of decreased mechanical loading on muscle differentiation, mammalian myoblasts are cultured in a bioreactor (rotating cell culture system), a model that has been utilised to simulate microgravity. C2C12 murine myoblasts are cultured on microcarrier beads in a bioreactor and followed throughout differentiation as they form a network of multinucleated myotubes. In comparison with three-dimensional control cultures that consist of bioreactor exhibit an attenuation in differentiation. This is demonstrated by reduced immunohistochemical staining for myogenin and α-actinin. Western analysis shows a decrease, in bioreactor cultures compared with control cultures, in levels of the contractile proteins myosin (47% decrease, p〈0.01) and tropomyosin (63% decrease, p〈0.01). Hydrodynamic measurements indicate that the decrease in differentiation may be due, at least in part, to fluid stresses acting on the myotubes. In addition, constraints on aggregate size imposed by the action of fluid forces in the bioreactor affect differentation. These results may have implications for muscle growth and repair during spaceflight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02345757
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using avidin-mediated binding to enhance initial endothelial cell attachment and spreading (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: cell adhesion ; avidin-biotin ; endothelialization ; vascular grafts ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Binding between the protein avidin and the vitamin biotin was used as an extrinsic, high affinity receptor-ligand system to augment the intrinsic integrin-dependent cellular adhesion mechanism. Glass substrates were coupled with avidin receptors through an adsorbed film of biotinylated bovine serum albumin (b-BSA). The avidin-treated slides then were seeded with biotinylated bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). A 3:1 ratio of BSA:b-BSA provided the best results in terms of specific cellular attachment, growth, and spreading. Control surfaces consisted of bare glass or glass with adsorbed BSA. Attachment of unmodified BAEC to glass decreased in the presence of anti-β1 integrin antibody. Adhesion of biotinylated BAEC to avidin-treated slides was not affected by anti-β1 integrin antibody, consistent with integrin-independent avidin-mediated adhesion. The initial rate of cell spreading was greatest for avidin-biotin-mediated adhesion (80.0 ± 25.6 μm2/h), followed by integrin-dependent cellular adhesion on plain glass (35.7 ± 7.7 μm2/h) and, finally, by adhesion on BSA-coated protein surfaces (10.2 ± 0.3 μm2/;h). Biotinylated and unmodified BAEC, cultured for 1 h in serum-containing media, were subjected to laminar flow in a variable-height flow chamber that provided a range of shear stresses from 0.2 to 75 dynes/cm2. The critical shear stress required to detach 50% of the cells in serum-containing media increased from 4.6 ± 0.8 dynes/cm2 for integrin-dependent adhesion to 12.6 ± 1.2 dynes/cm2 for avidin-biotin-mediated adhesion. Avidin-mediated attachment for biotinylated BAEC increased initial cellular spreading rates and strength of attachment (i.e., at 1 h) by a factor of two and three, respectively. These results support the hypothesis that integrin-mediated cell attachment and spreading can be enhanced using high affinity integrin-independent binding. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 57-65, 1998.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fibronectin amount and conformation on the strength of endothelial cell adhesion to HEMA/EMA copolymers (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 30 (1996), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The effect of substrate surface hydrophobicity on fibronectin (Fn) adsorption and endothelial cell adhesion strength was studied. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were plated for 2 h with and without preadsorbed Fn on slides coated with homopolymers and copolymers of hydrophilic polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (polyHEMA) and hydrophobic polyethylmethacrylate (polyEMA). The polarity of the substrate was determined by Wilhelmy plate contact angle. The amount of adsorbed Fn was determined using 125I-labeled Fn. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to detect gross conformational changes of adsorbed Fn on polyHEMA or polyEMA. BAEC were cultured in serum-free medium for 2 h and subjected to a brief exposure of laminar flow in a variable-height flow chamber that provided a range of shear stresses of 15-185 dynes/cm2. The critical shear stress to detach 50% of the cells increased with increasing EMA content to a maximum at 20% HEMA/80% EMA copolymer irrespective of the presence of preadsorbed Fn. However, the critical force increased even though there were similar amounts of Fn adsorbed on all substrates. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed only minor changes in β-sheet structure of Fn adsorbed to polyHEMA and polyEMA. These results show that the force to detach cells did not increase solely with increasing amounts of adsorbed Fn; rather, these results indicate a more complex interplay involving both the amount and conformation of adsorbed Fn. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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