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  • 1
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    Program to study crust and mantle of the Archean craton in southern Africa (1996)
    In:  Eos, Trans., Am. Geophys. Un., Luxembourg, Conseil de l'Europe, vol. 77, no. 29, pp. 273, 277, pp. B04313, (ISBN: 0-12-018847-3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Deep seismic sounding (espec. cont. crust) ; Project report/description ; Wit
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Melt production beneath Mt. Shasta from boron data in primitive melt inclusions (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: Most arc magmas are thought to be generated by partial melting of the mantle wedge induced by infiltration of slab-derived fluids. However, partial melting of subducting oceanic crust has also been proposed to contribute to the melt generation process, especially when young and hot lithosphere is being subducted. The isotopic composition of boron measured in situ in olivine-hosted primitive melt inclusions in a basaltic andesite from Mt. Shasta, California, is characterized by large negative values that are also highly variable (delta(11)B = -21.3 to -0.9 per mil). The boron concentrations, from 0.7 to 1.6 parts per million, are lower than in most other arc lavas. The relation between concentration and isotopic composition of boron observed here supports a hypothesis that materials left after dehydration of the subducting slab may have contributed to the generation of basaltic andesite lavas at Mt. Shasta.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rose, E F -- Shimizu, N -- Layne, G D -- Grove, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):281-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. erose@pheasant.misasa.okayama-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Kinematic variables and water transport control the formation and location of arc volcanoes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: The processes that give rise to arc magmas at convergent plate margins have long been a subject of scientific research and debate. A consensus has developed that the mantle wedge overlying the subducting slab and fluids and/or melts from the subducting slab itself are involved in the melting process. However, the role of kinematic variables such as slab dip and convergence rate in the formation of arc magmas is still unclear. The depth to the top of the subducting slab beneath volcanic arcs, usually approximately 110 +/- 20 km, was previously thought to be constant among arcs. Recent studies revealed that the depth of intermediate-depth earthquakes underneath volcanic arcs, presumably marking the slab-wedge interface, varies systematically between approximately 60 and 173 km and correlates with slab dip and convergence rate. Water-rich magmas (over 4-6 wt% H(2)O) are found in subduction zones with very different subduction parameters, including those with a shallow-dipping slab (north Japan), or steeply dipping slab (Marianas). Here we propose a simple model to address how kinematic parameters of plate subduction relate to the location of mantle melting at subduction zones. We demonstrate that the location of arc volcanoes is controlled by a combination of conditions: melting in the wedge is induced at the overlap of regions in the wedge that are hotter than the melting curve (solidus) of vapour-saturated peridotite and regions where hydrous minerals both in the wedge and in the subducting slab break down. These two limits for melt generation, when combined with the kinematic parameters of slab dip and convergence rate, provide independent constraints on the thermal structure of the wedge and accurately predict the location of mantle wedge melting and the position of arc volcanoes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grove, T L -- Till, C B -- Lev, E -- Chatterjee, N -- Medard, E -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):694-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08044.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. tlgrove@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    A radically different mechanism for S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: Methylation of small molecules and macromolecules is crucial in metabolism, cell signaling, and epigenetic programming and is most often achieved by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases. Most employ an S(N)2 mechanism to methylate nucleophilic sites on their substrates, but recently, radical SAM enzymes have been identified that methylate carbon atoms that are not inherently nucleophilic via the intermediacy of a 5'-deoxyadenosyl 5'-radical. We have determined the mechanisms of two such reactions targeting the sp(2)-hybridized carbons at positions 2 and 8 of adenosine 2503 in 23S ribosomal RNA, catalyzed by RlmN and Cfr, respectively. In neither case is a methyl group transferred directly from SAM to the RNA; rather, both reactions proceed by a ping-pong mechanism involving intermediate methylation of a conserved cysteine residue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grove, Tyler L -- Benner, Jack S -- Radle, Matthew I -- Ahlum, Jessica H -- Landgraf, Bradley J -- Krebs, Carsten -- Booker, Squire J -- GM-63847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 29;332(6029):604-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1200877. Epub 2011 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/chemistry/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Carbon/chemistry ; Cysteine/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Physicochemical Processes ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*metabolism ; S-Adenosylmethionine/*metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Structural basis for methyl transfer by a radical SAM enzyme (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: The radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzymes RlmN and Cfr methylate 23S ribosomal RNA, modifying the C2 or C8 position of adenosine 2503. The methyl groups are installed by a two-step sequence involving initial methylation of a conserved Cys residue (RlmN Cys(355)) by SAM. Methyl transfer to the substrate requires reductive cleavage of a second equivalent of SAM. Crystal structures of RlmN and RlmN with SAM show that a single molecule of SAM coordinates the [4Fe-4S] cluster. Residue Cys(355) is S-methylated and located proximal to the SAM methyl group, suggesting the SAM that is involved in the initial methyl transfer binds at the same site. Thus, RlmN accomplishes its complex reaction with structural economy, harnessing the two most important reactivities of SAM within a single site.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3506250/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3506250/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boal, Amie K -- Grove, Tyler L -- McLaughlin, Monica I -- Yennawar, Neela H -- Booker, Squire J -- Rosenzweig, Amy C -- GM58518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM63847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 GM100011/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1089-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1205358. Epub 2011 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Bacterial/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/metabolism ; S-Adenosylmethionine/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    An ancient core dynamo in asteroid Vesta (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-16
    Description: The asteroid Vesta is the smallest known planetary body that has experienced large-scale igneous differentiation. However, it has been previously uncertain whether Vesta and similarly sized planetesimals formed advecting metallic cores and dynamo magnetic fields. Here we show that remanent magnetization in the eucrite meteorite Allan Hills A81001 formed during cooling on Vesta 3.69 billion years ago in a surface magnetic field of at least 2 microteslas. This field most likely originated from crustal remanence produced by an earlier dynamo, suggesting that Vesta formed an advecting liquid metallic core. Furthermore, the inferred present-day crustal fields can account for the lack of solar wind ion-generated space weathering effects on Vesta.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Roger R -- Weiss, Benjamin P -- Shuster, David L -- Gattacceca, Jerome -- Grove, Timothy L -- Suavet, Clement -- Lima, Eduardo A -- Li, Luyao -- Kuan, Aaron T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 12;338(6104):238-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1225648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. rogerfu@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A long-lived lunar core dynamo (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-28
    Description: Paleomagnetic measurements indicate that a core dynamo probably existed on the Moon 4.2 billion years ago. However, the subsequent history of the lunar core dynamo is unknown. Here we report paleomagnetic, petrologic, and (40)Ar/(39)Ar thermochronometry measurements on the 3.7-billion-year-old mare basalt sample 10020. This sample contains a high-coercivity magnetization acquired in a stable field of at least ~12 microteslas. These data extend the known lifetime of the lunar dynamo by 500 million years. Such a long-lived lunar dynamo probably required a power source other than thermochemical convection from secular cooling of the lunar interior. The inferred strong intensity of the lunar paleofield presents a challenge to current dynamo theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shea, Erin K -- Weiss, Benjamin P -- Cassata, William S -- Shuster, David L -- Tikoo, Sonia M -- Gattacceca, Jerome -- Grove, Timothy L -- Fuller, Michael D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 27;335(6067):453-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1215359.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22282809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Crystallographic capture of a radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme in the act of modifying tRNA (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: RlmN is a dual-specificity RNA methylase that modifies C2 of adenosine 2503 (A2503) in 23S rRNA and C2 of adenosine 37 (A37) in several Escherichia coli transfer RNAs (tRNAs). A related methylase, Cfr, modifies C8 of A2503 via a similar mechanism, conferring resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. Here, we report the x-ray structure of a key intermediate in the RlmN reaction, in which a Cys(118)--〉Ala variant of the protein is cross-linked to a tRNA(Glu)substrate through the terminal methylene carbon of a formerly methylcysteinyl residue and C2 of A37. RlmN contacts the entire length of tRNA(Glu), accessing A37 by using an induced-fit strategy that completely unfolds the tRNA anticodon stem-loop, which is likely critical for recognition of both tRNA and ribosomal RNA substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwalm, Erica L -- Grove, Tyler L -- Booker, Squire J -- Boal, Amie K -- GM100011/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM101957/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):309-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5367.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. squire@psu.edu akb20@psu.edu. ; Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. squire@psu.edu akb20@psu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/chemistry ; Alanine/chemistry/genetics ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Anticodon/chemistry ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry/genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*ultrastructure ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/*chemistry/genetics/*ultrastructure ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; S-Adenosylmethionine/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil-Plant Relationships in the Tropics (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 17 (1986), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.000245
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental petrology of normal MORB near the Kane Fracture Zone: 22°–25° N, mid-Atlantic ridge (1987)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 96 (1987), S. 121-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Melting experiments carried out at 1-atm and at 2 kbar on mid-ocean ridge basalts dredged from the mid-Atlantic ridge near the Kane Fracture Zone (KFZ, 22° to 25° N. latitude) provide a basis for evaluating the role of crystal fractionation in generating compositional variability observed in “normal” mid-ocean ridge basalt. The 1-atm olivine-plagioclase-clinopyroxene saturation boundary for KFZ lavas defines a path in mineral projection schemes and in oxide-oxide diagrams that is displaced from the same experimentally determined boundaries in FAMOUS (Grove and Bryan 1983) and Oceanographer Fracture Zone (Walker et al. 1979) basalts. The glass margins of sparsely phyric KFZ lavas record small amounts of near surface, low pressure fractional crystallization, and their glass and bulk rock compositions are similar. An important signature of low pressure differentiation is recorded in the quenched glass margins of moderately phyric KFZ lavas compared to their bulk rock compositions, and the glass has evolved along low-pressure fractionation paths that are similar to those produced in the 1-atm experiments. Many of the lavas have retained phenocrysts in equilibrium proportions, so that their bulk rock compositions represent liquid compositions. When the effects of near-surface differentiation and crystal accumulation are removed from the Kane data set, and only liquid compositions are considered, a suite of basalt magmas can be identified that forms a trend in mineral component projection schemes parallel to the 1-atm oliv-plag-cpx multiple saturation boundary, but displaced from it toward olivine. These basalts have only olivine and plagioclase as phenocrysts, and are well removed from clinopyroxene saturation at low pressure. The compositional variation can not be generated by mixing any primary liquid composition with a low pressure liquid that has evolved along the oliv-plag-cpx multiple saturation boundary. Major and trace element models of this trend using olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene as fractionating phases match the compositional variability. This compositional trend is generated by fractionation at pressures greater than 2 kbar, but within the plagioclase stability field. A review of the data for other normal MORB suites from this part of the mid-Atlantic ridge reveals a similar elevated pressure fractionation signature which persists when the effects of low pressure magma mixing are removed from the data set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375227
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