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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel target configurations for selective ionization state studies in molybdenum (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5422-5427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Details of experiments aimed at achieving low ionization state selectivity in molybdenum are presented. Targets are excited with a 10 J CO2 laser and the resultant vacuum ultraviolet spectrum (300–700 A(ring)) has been studied. Combinations of focal spot size, target depth, and target geometries are compared. Simple attenuation of energy is shown not to vary ionization stage composition significantly. Experiments conducted with grazing incidence targets result only in a hot plasma. Modular targets with cooling cylinders of various radii demonstrated good selectivity of the ionization states, but with low absolute signals. Finally, results from combinations of focal spot adjustment and radiative cooling illustrate increased control over desired plasma temperature and density for spectroscopic studies of molybdenum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347192
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of multilayer mirror reflectivity and stimulated emission in the XUV spectral region (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1296-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present measurements of multilayer mirror reflectivity and stimulated emission in the XUV spectral region. A molybdenum–silicon multilayer mirror with 12% measured reflectivity at 182 A(ring) was found to produce a 120% enhancement of the C vi 182-A(ring) line (3→2 transition) in a strongly recombining plasma. No such enhancement of the C v 186.7-A(ring) line was seen, demonstrating amplification of stimulated emission at 182 A(ring).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138591
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of impurity radiation on the PLT and TFTR tokamaks with high-resolution, time-resolving spectrometers (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 849-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Soft-x-ray (5–300 A(ring)) spectra of intrinsic impurities have been recorded with a high-resolution multichannel XUV spectrometer (SOXMOS). Measurements of line intensity ratios as a function of time are applied to the determination of the impurity contribution to the energy balance. Results from TFTR Ohmic heated plasmas, including radiation due to carbon, oxygen, iron, nickel, chromium, titanium, and zirconium, are presented. The spatial ion distribution will be directly observed by a radial scanning spectrometer (FLOPSY). This instrument, under construction, will cover the spectral range from 1500 to 7000 A(ring) and use mirrors and lenses for fast scanning. The spatial ion distribution, deduced from forbidden and allowed lines, will be compared to both theoretical models based on impurity concentrations and transport coefficients, as well as experimental data from bolometer measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138069
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High power picosecond laser system at 248 nm (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2235-2240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a powerful picosecond KrF* laser system consisting of a synchronously pumped dye oscillator, a three-stage dye amplifier, frequency conversion to 248 nm, and amplification through a series of excimer modules. Characteristics are given at each stage of the system. With the first stage of the system complete, a focused intensity of ∼1016 W/cm2 is obtained. Initial visible spectra obtained by interaction with various targets are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139940
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution duo-multichannel soft x-ray spectrometer for tokamak plasma diagnostics (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1601-1615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high-resolution, time-resolving soft x-ray multichannel spectrometer (SOXMOS) that permits the simultaneous measurement of emission in two different spectral ranges has been developed and tested extensively for tokamak plasma diagnostics. The basic instrument is a high-resolution, interferometrically adjusted, extreme grazing incidence Schwob–Fraenkel duochromator. The instrument is equipped with two multichannel detectors that are adjusted interferometrically and scan along the Rowland circle. Each consists of an MgF2 coated, funneled microchannel plate, associated with a phosphor screen image intensifier that is coupled to a 1024-element photodiode array by a flexible fiber-optic conduit. The total wavelength coverage of the instrument is 5–340 A(ring) with a measured resolution (FWHM) of about 0.2 A(ring) when equipped with a 600-g/mm grating, and 5–85 A(ring) with a resolution of about 0.06 A(ring) using a 2400-g/mm grating. The simultaneous spectral coverage of each detector varies from 15 A(ring) at the short wavelength limit to 70 A(ring) at the long wavelength limit with the lower dispersion grating. The minimum readout time for a full spectral portion is 16 ms, but several individual lines can be measured with 1-ms time resolution by selected pixel readout. Higher time resolution can be achieved by replacing one multichannel detector with a single channel electron multiplier detector. Examples of data from the PLT and TFTR tokamaks are presented to illustrate the instrument's versatility, high spectral resolution, and high signal-to-noise ratio even in the 10-A(ring) region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ calibrations of grazing incidence vacuum monochromators for x-ray laser research (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 3027-3030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In situ relative and absolute calibrations are described for two grazing incidence vacuum monochromators used in our ongoing x-ray laser experiments. The soft x-ray sources used in the calibrations are small plasmas produced by a specially constructed portable vacuum spark generator and by irradiating thin (∼100–300 μm diameter) carbon fibers with a high-power (1–5 GW, 1012–1013 W/cm2) CO2 laser. The absolute instrumental sensitivities have been determined using the method of branching ratios, while the relative calibrations have been done by simultaneously monitoring given ionic lines with each XUV instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138986
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic field measurements based on the Zeeman splitting of forbidden transitions (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 855-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The measurement of the poloidal magnetic field in a tokamak plasma from the Zeeman splitting and polarization of the magnetic dipole radiation from heavy ions is discussed. When viewed from a direction perpendicular to the toroidal field, the effect of the poloidal field on the circularly polarized radiation is detectable using a photoelectric polarimeter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138071
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved spectra in the 80–330-A(ring) wavelength region from PLT tokamak plasmas (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2058-2058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Time-resolved spectra from the PLT plasma have been recorded by the 2-m Schwob–Fraenkel spectrometer. The recording device was a 50-mm flat multichannel plate mounted with its center tangent to the Rowland circle. In order to record the 80–330-A(ring) wavelength range, the multichannel plate was moved several times. Spectra were recorded every 50 ms for the duration of the discharge. The data obtained were corrected so that distortions introduced by the flat rather than curved surface of the multichannel plate were accounted for. Examples of typical PLT spectra with wavelength accuracy of 0.02 A(ring) will be shown. The spectra contain primarily ground transitions in ions of C, O, Cr, Fe, and Ni. The observed lines are emitted typically from plasmas of 100–2000 eV. Examples of spectra of trace elements injected into the plasma during the discharge will also be shown. These spectra are the result of subtraction of the signals after and before the injections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138736
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Picosecond pulse frequency upshifting by rapid free-carrier creation in ZnSe (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 226-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The frequency upshifting of 0.8 μm picosecond laser pulses was demonstrated using the temporal change of the free carrier density in a ZnSe semiconductor crystal. The crystal was ionized by transverse propagating ps pulses. Shifts of up to 1.6 nm were observed, which agree within 25% with the theory. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491290
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quenching of Einstein A coefficients in plasmas and lasers (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2437-2442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The coefficient of spontaneous emission (Einstein A coefficient) is considered to be one of the basic constants of a given transition in an atom or ion. The formula for the Einstein A coefficient was derived in the pioneering works of Weisskopf and Wigner (WW) [Z. Phys. 63, 54 (1930)] based on Dirac's theory of light. More recently, however, it was noted in several papers that the rate of spontaneous radiative decay can deviate significantly from the WW expression in certain conditions, for example, in a laser cavity. A different type of change in A coefficients was inferred from measurements of changes in the intensity branching ratio of spectral lines in a plasma. A change of branching ratio of up to a factor of 10 was observed in Civ for 3p-3s (580.1–581.2 nm) and 3p-2s (31.2 nm) transitions when the electron density changed from approximately Ne≈1×1018 to 5×1018 cm−3. This effect was also observed in Ciii and Nv. An initial theoretical approach to the problem based on the integration of the Schrödinger equation with the ion Coulomb potential modified by the electron cloud within the Debye radius was unsuccessful in predicting the experimental observations. The effect of quenching of spontaneous emission coefficients was observed also in an Ar-ion laser as a function of the intracavity power density (photon density) for lines originating from the same upper level as the lasing line. Measurements of these line profiles, absorption for different lasing conditions, and related discussions are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859615
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