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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CdF2:In: A novel material for optically written storage of information (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that semiconducting CdF2 crystals doped with indium is an efficient medium for optical storage of information in static and dynamic regimes. A metastable phototransformation of 1018 cm−3 In centers from a localized deep state to a hydrogenlike shallow state leads to a change of the refractive index Δn of about 10−4 for the probe beam at the wavelength of 500 nm. The diffraction efficiency is temperature dependent due to spontaneous decay of the grating caused by thermal recovery of the In impurity from the metastable hydrogenic state to the localized ground state. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115482
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyroid cancer in the Ukraine (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 375 (1995), S. 365-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - When a serious accident occurs in a nuclear power station, fallout from radioactive iodine (mainly 131I) is often one of the main sources of human exposure to ionizing radiation. Radioactive iodine may be taken into the body by inhalation or in food, a major ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375365a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion transport in the anion-deficient nonstoichiometric phases La0.95(Ba1−x Srx)0.05F2.95 (0⩽x⩽1) (1998)
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 40 (1998), S. 604-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fluoride-ion conductivity of the nonstoichiometric tysonite phases La0.95(Ba1−x Srx)0.05Fe2.95 (0⩽x⩽1) is investigated by impedance spectroscopy. Electrophysical measurements are performed in the frequency range 5–5×105 Hz and temperature range 300–700 K. A discontinuity is observed in the temperature dependence of the conductivity at T c=410–430 K. The behavior of the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity is explained within a transport model taking into account the migration of fluoride ions between different inequivalent structural sites. The maximum value of the conductivity at room temperature (293 K) is 2×10−4 Ω−1 cm−1 for the solid solution La0.95Sr0.05F2.95. The fluorine-ion conductivity in La0.95(Ba1−x Srx)0.05F2.95 single crystals is almost an order of magnitude larger than the value for the commercial solid electrolyte La0.992Eu0.008F2.992 (a fluorine-selective membrane) having a tysonite structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1130362
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superionic conductivity of the heterovalent solid solutions R 1−x M x F 3−x (R=REE, M=Ca, Ba) with tysonite-type structure (1999)
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 41 (1999), S. 573-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fluorine-ion conductivity of anion-deficient solid solutions R 1−x CaxF3−x and R 1−x BaxF3−x having the tysonite (LaF3) structure was investigated by the impedance spectroscopy method. R 1−x CaxF3−x (R=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) and R 1−x BaxF3−x (R=La, Pr, Nd) single crystals were grown from the melt by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method. The electrophysical measurements were performed in the frequency range 5−5×105 and temperature range 300–700 K. The temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity for the crystals studied is determined by the migration of fluorine anions along various structural positions. It is shown that, from the standpoint of increasing the conductivity of tysonite matrices RF3 (R=La, Pr, Nd), doping by CaF2 and BaF2 is less promising than SrF2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1131083
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of single crystals and optimization of anionic transport in La1-x NdxF3 solid solutions with tysonite-type structure by isovalent substitutions (2000)
    Springer
    Crystallography reports 45 (2000), S. 695-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7745
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The study of the effect of isomorphous isovalent substitution on the fluoride-ion conductivity in La1-x NdxF3 solid solutions was aimed at optimizing the anionic transport in solid electrolytes with the tysonite-type (LaF3) structure. A series of La1-x NdxF3 single crystals with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9 was grown for the first time by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method in the fluorinating atmosphere. The ionic conductivity was measured at frequencies ranging from 5 to 500 kHz by the method of impedance spectroscopy (with the use of graphite contacts). The conductivity is maximal at the composition La0.37Nd0.63F3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1306587
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction study of Ca0.88Gd0.12F2.12 single crystals with a modified fluorite structure (2000)
    Springer
    Crystallography reports 45 (2000), S. 718-720 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7745
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristic structural features of a single crystal of the anion-excessive fluorite phase Ca0.88Gd0.12F2.12 have been studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (MoK α radiation), sp. gr. Fm3m, Z = 4, a = 5.5000(4) Å. The structure was refined in the anharmonic approximation of thermal atomic vibrations to R w = 0.0047. A total of 78 independent structure amplitudes were measured; 14 parameters were refined; sinθ/λ ≤1.13 Å−1. In the structure under study, the replacement of the divalent Ca2+ cations by the trivalent Gd3+ cations in the position 4a (0, 0, 0) resulted in the statistical distribution of the fluorine atoms over three positions of the sp. gr. Fm3m. Thus, the fluorine atoms occupy the position 8c (1/4, 1/4, 1/4), the main position in the fluorite structure type, and the position 32f (v, v, v) with v = 0.417(1) on threefold symmetry axes. In addition, some fluorine atoms are shifted from the main 8c position along the threefold symmetry axis to the position 32f (w, w, w) with w = 0.313(2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1312907
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of 131I thyroid doses for the evacuees from Pripjat (1996)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 35 (1996), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Keywords: Fi (τ) = exp[ ; λg  ;  τ]  ;  exp[ ; λm  ;  τ]*(5) ; where λg and λm represent the effective transfer rates of 131I in grass (4.5 days) and milk (1.1 days) ; respectively [12].
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract   The thyroid doses of 49 360 inhabitants of Pripjat evacuated after the accident at Chernobyl were reconstructed. During their evacuation most of the evacuees passed through highly contaminated territories. The evaluation of a large-scale public survey showed that only about 50% of the evacuees had left the contaminated areas within 5 days and that 30% of them stayed there for more than 30 days. As a first step, the model of dose estimations was improved, and thyroid doses were assessed for the group of evacuees for whom the 131I activity in the thyroids was measured. The 131I incorporation during the first 5 days after the accident was described by a single-intake model (inhalation); later incorporations were assumed to be proportional to the radioiodine activity in milk. As a second step, the correlation between the calculated doses and individual parameters (place of residence in Pripjat, intake of stable iodine, and age at the time of the accident) was described by an empirical equation. This equation was applied to all evacuees who completed the questionnaires of the public survey. Previous dose assessments were found to overestimate the thyroid doses especially for the younger evacuees. On the basis of these estimations, collective doses and the resulting radiation risks for thyroid cancer were assessed for different age groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050013
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyroid dose assessment for the Chernigov region (Ukraine): Estimation based on131I thyroid measurements and extrapolation of the results to districts without monitoring (1994)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 33 (1994), S. 149-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on the results of131I thyroid activity measurements in three districts of the Chernigov region (Ukraine), individual doses were calculated and an approach of the age dependence of the average thyroid exposure was derived. Using the relationships between the thyroid doses and the137Cs deposition as well as the location relative to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), age-dependent average thyroid doses were extrapolated also for those settlements of this region where no monitoring measurements have been carried out. The highest doses were found in the west of the region with the lowest distance to the Chernobyl NPP. In this part, the highest mean of the thyroid dose in a settlement was 3.3 Gy for infants and 0.5 Gy for adults. The collective thyroid dose was 31000 and 27 000 person-Gy for children and adults, respectively. Based on this assessment, 140 and 21 excess thyroid cancer cases are predicted for children and adults, respectively. In the years 1989 to 1991, in the whole contaminated territory of the Ukraine 0.4–1.2 cases per 100000 children were observed. Although the absolute numbers are very small, this indicates the possibility of an increase in thyroid cancer morbidity among children. The same trend also seems to be indicated in the Chernigov region. A careful epidemiological study in the future is necessary to enable a final evaluation of radioinduced cancers in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219338
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of131I thyroid doses for the evacuees from Pripjat (1996)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 35 (1996), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thyroid doses of 49 360 inhabitants of Pripjat evacuated after the accident at Chernobyl were reconstructed. During their evacuation most of the evacuees passed through highly contaminated territories. The evaluation of a large-scale public survey showed that only about 50% of the evacuees had left the contaminated areas within 5 days and that 30% of them stayed there for more than 30 days. As a first step, the model of dose estimations was improved, and thyroid doses were assessed for the group of evacuees for whom the131I activity in the thyroids was measured. The131I incorporation during the first 5 days after the accident was described by a single-intake model (inhalation); later incorporations were assumed to be proportional to the radioiodine activity in milk. As a second step, the correlation between the calculated doses andindividual parameters (place of residence in Pripjat, intake of stable iodine, and age at the time of the accident) was described by an empirical equation. This equation was applied to all evacuees who completed the questionnaires of the public survey. Previous dose assessments were found to overestimate the thyroid doses especially for the younger evacuees. On the basis of these estimations, collective doses and the resulting radiation risks for thyroid cancer were assessed for different age groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02434029
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyroid cancer incidence in the Ukraine after the Chernobyl accident: comparison with spontaneous incidences (1997)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 36 (1997), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The thyroid cancer incidence in the Ukraine among those born in the period 1968–1986 was analyzed with the aim to identify the enhancement due to the Chernobyl accident. Since any Ukrainian data referring to the time period before the accident are scarce and the variation of spontaneous incidences in other countries is immense, the Ukrainian incidences in the period 1986–1989 were used to estimate the baseline risk. Following 1990, the incidence in the southern part of the Ukraine increased by about 30%, independent of age. In the other parts the increase of the incidence depended on age at exposure. In the age group of 9-year-old children, the incidences in three regions defined as the `high-dose area', the northern, and the middle oblasts, increased by factors of 50, 20, and 6, respectively. These rates (1991–1995) are well above spontaneous rates in other countries. In the age group of 17-year-old juveniles, the incidence increased by a factor of 6 for the `high dose area' and in the three northern oblasts, whereas in the nine `middle' oblasts it was similar to the incidence of the `southern' Ukraine. These rates are within the range found in other countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050071
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