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  • 1
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    Inhibition of human aldehyde dehydrogenase1 by the anti-tumor agent duocarmycin (2015)
    International Union of Crystallography
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-23
    Electronic ISSN: 2053-2733
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by International Union of Crystallography
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etching nanometer sized holes of variable depth from carbon cluster impact induced defects on graphite surfaces (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 52-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon cluster ion impact induced surface damage (500, 1850, and 4000 eV) of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was imaged on an atomic scale with scanning tunneling microscopy. Penetration depth was accessed by oxygen etching of ion impact induced defects. Depending on ion energy, etched holes up to 6 monolayers deep were observed. Surface morphologies of HOPG crystals can be tailored by the described method promising many applications for surface science studies and nanostructuring. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115490
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hinge-thiol coupling of monoclonal antibody to silanized iron oxide particles and evaluation of magnetic cell depletion (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Bioconjugate chemistry 1 (1990), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4812
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc00006a007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of photoassimilate allocation in Pinus sylvestris seedlings by the nutritional status of the mycorrhizal fungus Suillus variegatus (1991)
    Springer
    Trees 5 (1991), S. 36-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Microautoradiography ; Mycorrhiza ; Pinus sylvestris ; Suillus variegatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seedlings of Pinus sylvestris L. were grown on defined nutrient solutions on carbon filters, either sterile or infected with the basidiomycete Suillus variegatus O. Kuntze. After mycorrhizas were established, the shoot of the seedling was subjected to 14CO2 photosynthesis. 14C-labelled photoassimilates were translocated to both mycorrhizas and non-infected root tips. Microautoradiographs of mycorrhizas indicated that omission of external sugars did not affect the formation of mycorrhizas; 14C-photoassimilates were supplied to cortex, Hartig net and the mantle of hyphae surrounding the rootlet. Nutrient solution containing sugars (malt extract, glucose) enhanced the growth of the fungus. As a consequence, 14C-photoassimilates from the seedling were accumulated in the mantle, but defence mechanisms of the host cannot be excluded. When soluble nitrogen was omitted from the nutrient solution and replaced by chitin precipitated on the filter-bearing mycorrhizas, the fungus appeared strongly labelled in the mantle, where the fungal chitinase provided soluble nitrogen compounds, necessary for the growth of the seedling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225333
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of phloem protein patterns from different organs of Cucurbita maxima Duch. by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 207 (1999), S. 612-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Cucurbita (phloem proteins) ; Phloem protein ; Protein modification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Sieve tubes mediate the long-distance transport of nutrients and signals between source and sink organs of plants. To detect mobile phloem proteins that are differentially distributed in source and sink organs of Cucurbita maxima, we used both one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Both techniques revealed that phloem protein patterns depend on the sampling site: whilst several proteins were consistently observed in all phloem samples studied others appeared to occur in a organ-specific manner. For a characterization and identification of distinct phloem polypeptides, two approaches were chosen. First, protein bands resolved by SDS-PAGE were eluted from the polyacrylamide gel and the masses of the proteins were then determined by MALDI-TOF MS. Second, proteins resolved by SDS-PAGE were subjected to proteolytic degradation and the resulting peptides were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS; the masses of the proteolytic peptides were used for a database search. By the latter approach, three mobile phloem compounds were identified as the phloem-specific protein PP2 (D.E. Bostwick et al., 1992, The Plant Cell 4, 1539–1548) a chymotrypsin and an aspartic proteinase inhibitor. None of the other polypeptides studied corresponded to any of the protein sequences present in the database. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS analyses indicated that some of the mobile phloem proteins occur in a covalently modified form and that the extent of the modification depends upon the plant organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050525
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microautoradiographic localization of imported 14C-photosynthate in induced sink leaves of two dicotyledonous C4 plants in relation to phloem unloading (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 439-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Amaranthus ; C4 plant (dicotyledonous) ; Gomphrena ; Phioem unloading ; Photosynthate translocation ; Translocation (source-sink)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pruned source-sink transport systems from predarkened plants of Amaranthus caudatus L. and Gomphrena globosa L. were used to study the localization of 14C-labeled photosynthate imported into experimentally induced sink leaves by microautoradiography. During a 6-h (Amaranthus) or a 4-h (Gomphrena) transport period, 14C-assimilates were translocated acropetally from a mature source leaf provided with 14CO2, into a younger induced sink leaf (dark/-CO2). In addition, a young still-expanding source leaf exposed to 14CO2 exported 14C-assimilates basipetally into a mature induced sink leaf (dark/-CO2). Microautoradiographs showed that imported 14C-photosynthate was strongly accumulated in the sieve element/companion cell complexes of midveins, secondary veins, and minor veins of both the mature and the expanding sink leaf. Some label was also present in the vascular parenchyma and bundlesheath cells. In petioles, 14C-label was concentrated in the sieve element/companion cell complexes of all bundles indicating that assimilates were imported and distributed via the phloem. Moreover, a considerable amount of radioactivity unloaded from the sieve element/companion cell complexes of petiolar bundles, was densely located at sites of secondary wall thickenings of differen-tiating metaxylem vessels, and at sites of chloroplasts of the vascular parenchyma and bundle-sheath cells. These observations were more striking in petioles of Gomphrena than Amaranthus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392700
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic degradation of m-cresol via methyl oxidation to 3-hydroxybenzoate by a denitrifying bacterium (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Cresol ; Anaerobic degradation ; Aromatic ; compounds ; m-Cresol methylhydroxylase ; 3-Hydroxybenzoate ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The anaerobic degradation of m-cresol was studied in a denitrifying bacterium. In the initial studies, hypothetical intermediates of m-cresol degradation were tested in growth experiments and in adaptation studies with dense cell suspensions. Results suggested a degradation of m-cresol via 3-hydroxybenzoate. To verify this, the degradation of m-cresol was followed in concentrated cell suspensions in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. Fluoroacetate treatment resulted in the transient accumulation of substantial amounts of 3-hydroxybenzoate. In the presence of iodoacetamide, not only was 3-hydroxybenzoate transiently formed, but benzoate was also accumulated. These findings support a degradation of m-cresol via initial anaerobic methyl oxidation to 3-hydroxybenzoate, followed by reductive dehydroxylation to benzoate or benzoyl-CoA. Studies with extracts of m-cresol-grown cells showed the presence of several enzyme activities to be postulated for this pathway. No evidence was found for a carboxylation, hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, or direct ring reduction as the initial step in m-cresol metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050236
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic metabolism of l-phenylalanine via benzoyl-CoA in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 310-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThauera aromatica ; l-phenylalanine ; metabolism ; Phenylalanine transaminase ; Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase ; Phenylacetaldehyde ; dehydrogenase ; Phenylacetate-CoA ligase ; α-Oxidation ; of phenylacetyl-CoA ; Phenylglyoxylate:acceptor ; oxidoreductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The anaerobic metabolism of phenylalanine was studied in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica, a member of the β-subclass of the Proteobacteria. Phenylalanine was completely oxidized and served as the sole source of cell carbon. Evidence is presented that degradation proceeds via benzoyl-CoA as the central aromatic intermediate; the aromatic ring-reducing enzyme benzoyl-CoA reductase was present in cells grown on phenylalanine. Intermediates in phenylalanine oxidation to benzoyl-CoA were phenylpyruvate, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylacetate, phenylacetyl-CoA, and phenylglyoxylate. The required enzymes were detected in extracts of cells grown with phenylalanine and nitrate. Oxidation of phenylalanine to benzoyl-CoA was catalyzed by phenylalanine transaminase, phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+), phenylacetate-CoA ligase (AMP-forming), enzyme(s) oxidizing phenylacetyl-CoA to phenylglyoxylate with nitrate, and phenylglyoxylate:acceptor oxidoreductase. The capacity for phenylalanine oxidation to phenylacetate was induced during growth with phenylalanine. Evidence is provided that α-oxidation of phenylacetyl-CoA is catalyzed by a membrane-bound enzyme. This is the first report on the complete anaerobic degradation of an aromatic amino acid and the regulation of this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050504
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenylacetyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase, a new α-oxidizing enzyme that produces phenylglyoxylate. Assay, membrane localization, and differential production in Thauera aromatica (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 169 (1998), S. 509-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThauera aromatica ; Phenylacetyl-CoA ; α-Oxidation ; Phenylalanine ; Phenylacetyl-CoA:acceptor oxidoreductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic oxidation of phenylalanine and phenylacetate proceeds via α-oxidation of phenylacetyl-CoA to phenylglyoxylate. This four-electron oxidation system was studied in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica. It is membrane-bound and was solubilized with Triton X-100. The system used dichlorophenolindophenol as an artificial electron acceptor; a spectrophotometric assay was developed. No other products besides phenylglyoxylate and coenzyme A were observed. The enzyme was quite oxygen-insensitive and was inactivated by low concentrations of cyanide. Enzyme activity was induced under denitrifying conditions with phenylalanine and phenylacetate, it was low in cells grown with phenylglyoxylate, and it was virtually absent in cells grown with benzoate and nitrate or after aerobic growth with phenylacetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050604
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential induction of enzymes involved in anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 120-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Anaerobic aromatic metabolism ; Benzoyl-CoA reductase ; Phenylphosphate carboxylase ; 4-Hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase ; 2-Aminobenzoate ; Phenylalanine ; Phenylacetyl-CoA ; Phenylglyoxylate ; Toluene ; CoA ligase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Differential induction of enzymes involved in anaerobic metabolism of aromatic substrates was studied in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica. This metabolism is divided into (1) peripheral reactions transforming the aromatic growth substrates to the common intermediate benzoyl-CoA, (2) the central benzoyl-CoA pathway comprising ring-reduction of benzoyl-CoA and subsequent β-oxidation to 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA, and (3) the pathway of β-oxidation of 3-hydroxypimelyl-CoA to three acetyl-CoA and CO2. Regulation was studied by three methods. 1. Determination of protein patterns of cells grown on different substrates. This revealed several strongly substrate-induced polypeptides that were missing in cells grown on benzoate or other intermediates of the respective metabolic pathways. 2. Measurement of activities of known enzymes involved in this metabolism in cells grown on different substrates. The enzyme pattern found is consistent with the regulatory pattern deduced from simultaneous adaptation of cells to utilisation of other aromatic substrates. 3. Immunological detection of catabolic enzymes in cells grown on different substrates. Benzoate-CoA ligase and 4-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase were detected only in cells yielding the respective enzyme activity. However, presence of the subunits of benzoyl-CoA reductase and 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase was also recorded in some cell batches lacking enzyme activity. This possibly indicates an additional level of regulation on protein level for these two reductases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050623
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