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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Department of Ichthyology & Fisheries Science and Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The introduction of constitutional democracy in South Africa required the redrafting of most Acts of parliament to promote goals of social equity and redress of the consequences of past racial discrimination. The introduction of the Marine Living Resource Act of 1998 required the State to “restructure the fishing industry to address historical imbalances and to achieve equity within all branches of the fishing industry”, but provided no specific strategic policy guidelines for achieving this end. The initial burden of implementing this social agenda fell on government fisheries biologists and a series of interventions with profound economic, legal and political consequences were embarked upon without any proper framework for understanding the expected outcomes. The focus of “restructuring” was a series of annual fishing rights allocation processes whereby fishing quota was redistributed away from historically white, larger, companies to smaller, mostly black, new entrants into the industry. This process was far from smooth and resulted in a number of legal challenges of government decisions, instability within many fisheries, and a tremendous strain on the under-equipped manpower resources within the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism’s Marine and Coastal Management Branch (MCM).
    Beschreibung: Unpublished
    Schlagwort(e): Fishing industry ; Fishery legislation
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: 1715357 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Political normalisation in South Africa during 1994, and the drafting of the Marine Living Resources Act 1998, led to the imperative to transform the fishing sector to more equitably reflect the racial demographics of the country. The squid fishery, like most other South African fisheries, has historically been dominated by white ownership of access rights and vessels. The squid fishery is an effort limited hand-jig fishery with each operator possessing permits for a certain number of individual fishers. Imposition of racial equity in the squid industry was attempted by means of simple redistribution of a proportion of fisher permits, away from existing boat owners to new entrants from historically disadvantaged communities. The lack of human skills and capital - which is a persistent legacy of apartheid - of the new entrants, coupled with one year tenure of permits, resulted in a market for paper permits, which were then leased back by boat owners who had lost them. The attempted “transformation” of the squid industry was thus, in effect, a revenue tax on established operators, and participation in the industry by new permit holders was minimal. However, many vessel owners who lost a proportion of their permitted crew in the redistribution process, did not lease back permits but simply went to sea with a full crew and fished illegally. The net result was an increase in total effort in the fishery threatening the sustainability of the resource. An incentive market based process of transformation is proposed. The paper argues that long term access rights on vessels can be used as a behavioral incentive for boat owners to internally transform their own ownership structures, and promote meaningful participation of previously disadvantaged individuals in the industry.
    Beschreibung: Unpublished
    Schlagwort(e): Squid fisheries ; Fishery industry
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
    Format: 27276 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 17(1/2), pp. 164, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: "Polarforschung" , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
    In:  EPIC3Polarforschung, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research, 18(1/2), pp. 27, ISSN: 0032-2490
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: "Polarforschung" , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1709-1711 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are excited on the GaAs (001) surface by using interdigital transducers, designed for frequencies of up to 900 MHz. The emitted phonons with wavelengths down to 3.5 μm are visualized and characterized by combined x-ray diffraction techniques. Using stroboscopic topography, the SAW emission of a parallel and a focusing transducer geometry are imaged. High-resolution x-ray diffraction profiles show up to 12 phonon-induced satellite reflections besides the GaAs (004) reflection, with a width of 9 arcsec each. The diffraction pattern is simulated numerically, applying the kinematical scattering theory to a model crystal. From fits to measured diffraction profiles at different excitation voltages, the SAW amplitudes were calculated and found to be in the sub-nm range. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Adult honey bees killed after honey harvest were analyzed and evaluated as a raw material for protein extraction. Bees collected were 49.8% crude protein, 7.54% total lipid, and 27.1% reducing sugar (moisture-free basis). Whole bees were homogenized, body proteins solubilized in alkali, chitin removed by filtration, and protein recovered by acid precipitation. Amount of protein solubilized by NaOH addition varied from negligible without alkali (pH 6.1) to 93% of body crude protein with severest treatment at pH 11.2. With alkali extraction at pH 10.5 and acid precipitation at pH 5.5, 59% of total solids were found in the precipitate and 41% remained in the supernatant. The precipitate was 66.3% crude protein, 9.4% total lipid and 7.9% ash. Heads, thoraces and abdomens were separated and each separately extracted (pH 10.5) and precipitated (pH 5.5). Amino acid analyses of heads (70.1% protein), thoraces (54.9% protein) and abdomens (36.6% protein) permitted evaluation of protein quality. Thorax protein was most homogeneous for amino acids analyzed, and all were nutritionally limited by sulfur containing amino acids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Studies were carried out to determine functionality and nutritive value of alkali extracted, acid precipitated protein (EP) from bone residues of mechanically separated poultry. The evaluations were in comparison to mechanically separated chicken protein paste (PP), both fresh and after freezing and thawing. Measurements of the functional properties included the nitrogen solubility index (NSI), water absorption capacity (WAC), emulsifying capacity (EC), emulsion stability (ES) and heat gel strength (HGS). The NSI, EC and HGS values for the fresh and frozen PP paste were significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) than those for the respective samples of EP. Either fresh or frozen EP stabilized a test emulsion better than the PP. These differences might have been caused by the uneven moisture and fat contents of the two test materials. Nutritional quality of both products determined by the body weight gain, net protein utilization, protein efficiency ratio, and true digestibility tests was high and equal to or better than casein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Studies were carried out to determine the protein quality of whole dried honey bees (56.8% crude protein, 11.1% chitin) and honey bee protein concentrate (64.2% crude protein, 0% chitin). The levels of most of the indispensable amino acids were higher in honey bee protein concentrate than in whole dried bees. The true protein digestibility was higher (P 〈 0.05) in the concentrate (94.3%) than in whole dried honey bees (71.5%), as were the amino acid availabilities. PER and NPU were 2.47 and 62, respectively, in the concentrate and 1.50 and 42.5, respectively, in whole dried honey bees. The removal of chitin following alkali extraction of whole dried honey bees is primarily responsible for the improvement in protein quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 32 (1993), S. 152-155 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Pig ; polysaccharides ; cannulation ; exocrine pancreatic secretion ; Schwein ; Polysaccharide ; Pankreasfistulierung ; exokrine Pankreassekretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Vier Börge mit einem mittleren Anfangsgewicht von 70 kg wurden nach der „Pouch Technik“ mit Pankreas-Umleitungskanülen versehen, um den Einfluß von Stärke bzw. Pektin auf die exokrine Pankreassekretion zu untersuchen. Die Tiere erhielten halbsynthetische Rationen ohne Pektin (Kontrolle) bzw. mit 7.5 % Pektin im Austausch gegen Maisstärke. Die Diäten wurden in zwei Mahlzeiten (900 g um 08:30 und 20:30) verabreicht. Pankreassaft wurde kontinuierlich über 24 h gesammelt. Während die Pektinsupplementierung keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf das Pankreassekretvolumen und die Gesamtsekretion an Stickstoff, Lipase, Trypsin und Chymotrypsin hatte, wurde die Gesamtaktivität an α-Amylase im Pankreassekret signifikant (p〈.05) reduziert.
    Notizen: Summary Four barrows, initial wt. 70 kg, fitted with permanent pancreatic cannulas according to the “Pouch Method”, were used to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of pectin on pancreatic secretions. The pigs were fed two corn starch-based diets, containing 16 % crude protein from soybean meal, with 0 or 7.5 % pectin. The pigs were fed twice daily, at 08:30 and 20:30, 900 g each meal. Pancreatic juice was collected continuously at 1-h intervals for a total of 24 h. The inclusion of pectin did not affect (p〉.05) the flow of pancreatic juice and the total secretion of nitrogen, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. However, there was a significant (p〈.05) decrease in the secretion of α-amylase, which was actually a direct result of the replacement of starch by pectin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 182-190 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Pigs ; mucin ; endogenous amino acids ; endogenous carbohydrates ; Schweine ; Mucin ; endogene Aminosäuren ; endogene Kohlenhydrate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Bei kastrierten männlichen Schweinen, die eine proteinfreie Nahrung und intravenös entweder mit Kochsalzlösung (SAI) oder ein Aminosäurengemisch erhielten, wurde die tägliche Aminosäurenausschüttung (AAI) im Ileuminhalt bestimmt. Mit der wasserlöslichen und in Ethanol ausfällbaren Fraktion des Ileuminhalts (Gesamtmucin) (CM) wurde die Zusammensetzung von Mucin im Ileuminhalt gemessen. Diese Fraktion wies eine für Mucin charakteristische Kohlegydratzusammensetzung und einen hohen Gehalt an Treonin, Serin und Prolin (40 mol/100 mol). Die Anteile an Mucinen aus dem Magen und Darm betrugen 27 bezw. 73 % und wurden nach dem Verhältnis zwischen N-Acetylgalactosamin (GiNAc):N-Acetylgalactosamin (GalNAc) im CM ermittelt. Die täglichen Ausschüttungen an löslichem Mucin betrugen bei den SAI- bzw. AAI-Schweinen (p=0,13) und wurden aus den Gal-NAc-Exkretionen im CM bestimmt, wobei die obengenannten Anteile der Magen- und Darmmucine angenommen wurden. Die bestimmten löslichen Mucinausschüttungen im CM bestanden zu mehr als 90 % aus Fucose, Galactose, GaINAc und GlcNAc. Die Gesamtausschüttungen an Mucin im Ileuminhalt beliefen sich bei den SAI- bzw. AAI-Schweinen (p=0,24) auf 5,32 und 5,56 g/Tag und wurden aus der Gesamtausschüttung aus dem Ileuminhalt ermittelt, wobei davon ausgegangen wurde, daß lösliches und unlösliches Mucin die gleichen Zusammensetzungen aufwies. Basierend auf diesen Ausschüttungen, entsprach Mucin im Ileuminhalt ca. 30,7 bis 22, 15 und 11 % Threonin, Prolin, Serin und Protein. Annähernd 74, 76, 100 bezw. 53 % Fucose, Galactose, GAINAc und GlcNAc des Ileuminhalts entfielen in dieser Studie an Schweinen auf Mucin. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse der Studie unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Mucin als Lieferant von endogenen Aminosäuren und endogenen Kohlehydraten.
    Notizen: Abstract Daily outputs of mucin in ileal digesta were estimated in three barrows fed a protein-free diet while administered either saline (SAI) or a complete amino acid mixture (AAI) intravenously. The water soluble-ethanol precipitable fraction of ileal digesta (crude mucin; CM) was used to estimate the composition of mucin in ileal digesta. This fraction exhibited a carbohydrate composition characteristic of mucin and had a high threonine, serine and proline content (40 mol/100 mol). The proportions of soluble gastric and intestinal mucins, approximately 27 and 73 %, respectively, were estimated from the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)/N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ratio in CM. The daily outputs of soluble mucin, 2.75 and 3.41 g/day from SAI and AAI pigs (p=0.13), respectively, were determined from the GalNAc outputs in CM, assuming the above contributions of gastric and intestinal mucins. The estimated soluble mucin outputs accounted for more than 99 % of the fucose, galactose, GalNAc and GlcNAc in CM. Total mucin outputs in ileal digesta, 5.32 and 5.65 g/day from SAI and AAI Pigs (p=0.24), respectively, were determined from the total GalNAc output in digesta, assuming soluble and insoluble mucin had similar compositions. Based on these outputs, mucin represented approximately 30, 7 to 22, 15 and 11 % of the endogenous threonine, proline, serine and protein, respectively, in ileal digesta. Approximately 74, 76, 100 and 53 % of the fucose, galactose GalNAc and GlcNAc, respectively, in ileal digesta from pigs in this study was attributed to mucin. The results from this study demonstrate the importance of mucin as a source of some endogenous amino acids and carbohydrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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