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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of a buried ultrathin amorphous interlayer on the growth of Co films on different metal substrates (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6506-6513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of different metals M (M=Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Fe, and Ni) of thickness around 10 nm are deposited on Si(100) substrates and a ∼30 nm Co film is deposited on these metal films using the magnetron sputtering method. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) shows the presence of a ∼2 nm buried ultrathin amorphous interlayer at the interface between the Co layer and the M layers (M=Ti, Zr, Hf, and Nb). X-ray reflectivity is used to determine the electron density of this buried ultrathin amorphous interlayer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to determine the crystalline quality of the deposited Co film on these various metal film substrates. The XRD peaks of Co(111) and Co(222) are observed when Ti, Zr, Hf, and Nb are used as substrates. Pole figure measurements confirm that the Co film is highly textured on such metallic substrates. On the other hand no characteristic XRD peaks of cobalt are observed when Ni and Fe are used as the substrate, however, XTEM shows the presence of the Co film on those substrates. Theoretically, the heat of mixing (−ΔH) has been calculated for Co–M systems. The local temperature rise is estimated using the average heat capacity and the calculated heat of mixing of the amorphous interface compound (Co3M). The local temperature rise due to the amorphous phase formation and hence better mobility of the further deposited metal atoms is the cause of highly textured Co thin films on such metal substrates. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1369403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-k titanium silicate dielectric thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the pulsed-laser deposition of high-k titanium silicate thin films. The titanium silicate films were deposited by laser ablating a (Ti, Si) target in an oxygen pressure of 70 mTorr. The deposited films were found to exhibit nanocrystalline structure with a grain size of about 3.5 nm as deduced from x-ray diffraction measurements. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the existence of Ti–O–Si bonds in the films. The binding energies of [Ti 2p3/2 (458.6 eV), Si 2p (102.3 eV), O 1s (531.8 eV)] as measured by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provided evidence of titanium silicate. On the other hand, the average dielectric constant of the pulse laser deposited titanium silicate thin films were found to be about 11 in the frequency range of 100 kHz to 13 MHz. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1435072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure, interface roughness, and growth mechanism of reactive deposition epitaxy of CoSi2 on Si(100) substrates (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3604-3606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin CoSi2 films have been grown on Si(100) substrates using the relative deposition epitaxy method. The structure of the silicide films have been analyzed using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and channeling, and the interface roughness of the CoSi2/Si(100) is analyzed using specular x-ray reflectivity and cross-sectional TEM. The structure and interface roughness of CoSi2/Si(100) is found to be dependent on the substrate temperature. Highly epitaxial CoSi2 with minimum interface roughness is obtained when the film is grown at substrate temperatures around 900 K. The observed interface roughness is a parabolic function of temperature. The achievement of the best silicide at a substrate temperature around 900 K is explained on the basis of the instantaneous diffusion of Co through growing CoSi2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377620
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple diving waves and high-velocity gradients in the Bengal sedimentary basin (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 121 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection studies were carried out in the Bengal basin, India. Trace normalized record sections were produced from the digital data recorded in this sedimentary basin. The most significant feature observed in these seismograms is the presence of high-energy later arrivals which appear in arcuate shapes with their curvatures concave downwards. These arrivals are identified as free-surface reflected refractions (or multiple diving waves), which belong to the family of free-surface multiples. The nature and generation of these waves are demonstrated with the help of synthetic examples. It is found that the presence of high-velocity gradients in the top layers is a necessary prerequisite for the generation of these high-energy multiple diving waves. These later arrival multiples, along with the other primary phases present on the observed record section from the Bengal basin, have been used to prepare a well-constrained velocity model. The results bring out the presence of very high-velocity gradients (∼0.3–1.0 km s−1 km−1) in the sedimentary layers of the Bengal basin, which are an order of magnitude higher than those obtained in other sedimentary basins of India.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06452.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep seismic sounding studies in the north Cambay and Sanchor basins, India (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 103 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Deep seismic sounding (DSS) studies have been carried out in the north Cambay and Sanchor sedimentary basins in western India along three lines covering about 350km. Seismic refraction and wide angle reflection data, pertinent to the sedimentary basin as well as the deep crustal section, have been recorded from 41 shot points using a 60 channel DFS-V digital recording system with 200 m geophone spacing and 4 ms data sampling. Extensive modelling and interpretation of a large number of seismic record sections reveal four sub-basins in the sedimentary section along these lines. Maximum depth to the granitic/Proterozoic basement (P-wave velocity 5.9–6.0 km s-1) is about 5000 m in the north Sanchor and the Patan sub-basins and about 5600 m in the south Sanchor sub-basin. The deepest part of the sedimentary basin is delineated within the Gandhinagar sub-basin where the basement depth reaches 7700 m. The Deccan Traps (P-wave velocity 4.3–4.8 km s-1) form the base of the Tertiary sediments, almost in the entire study area except the extreme northern part. There is also some indication of the presence of sub-Trappean Mesozoic sediments along this profile. Within the sedimentary basin two horst features, one near Diyodar (the Diyodar ridge) and the other northwest of Mehsana (the Unhawa ridge), are indicated by the seismic data consistent with the tectonics of the region.The thickness of the upper crust in this region does not exceed 15 km (P-wave velocity reaching 6.3km s-1). A prominent low-velocity zone (velocity 5.5 km s-1) occurs in the depth range from 10.5 to 12.5 km. The lower crust consists of two layers of velocities 6.6–6.9 km s-1 and 7.3–7.4 km s-1, the discontinuity between them occurring at 23–25 km depth. The Moho discontinuity (PM velocity 8.0 km s-1) lies at a depth of 31–33 km. The high-velocity (7.3–7.4 km s-1) lower crustal layer represents underplating of the crust due to mantle upwelling and rifting with large-scale extrusion of the Deccan volcanics. The large thickness of the Tertiary sediments in the Cambay basin and a relatively thin crust in the region suggest further rifting during the Tertiary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1990.tb05676.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tribological Properties of WC–ZrO2 Nanocomposites (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present work, the fretting wear (mode I, linear relative tangential displacement, constant normal load) of a newly developed nanocomposite is investigated with varying load (2–10 N) and test duration (10 000–100 000 cycles). A detailed morphological investigation of worn surface is carried out using a Stylus surface profilometer, optical microscope, SEM, and electron probe microanalyser (EPMA). A clear transition in friction and wear behavior with load is observed. Based on the worn surface topography and wear debris analysis, the wear mechanisms are proposed. The extremely low wear rate (10−8 mm3/N·m) along with low wear depth (〈1 μm) indicates high wear resistance of nanoceramic composites. The high fretting wear resistance of the nanocomposites as well as the observed tribological properties are discussed in terms of material properties, abrasion, and tribochemical wear phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00129.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tribological Properties of Ti3SiC2 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The present contribution reports the unlubricated friction and wear properties of Ti3SiC2 against steel. The fretting experiments were performed under varying load (1–10 N) and the detailed wear mechanism is studied using SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Under the selected fretting conditions, Ti3SiC2/steel tribocouple exhibits a transition in friction as well as wear behavior with coefficient of friction varying between 0.5 and 0.6 and wear rate in the order of 10−5 mm3·(N·m)−1. Raman analysis reveals that the fretting wear is accompanied by the triboxidation with the formation of TiO2, SiO2, and Fe2O3. A plausible explanation for the transition in friction and wear with load is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00569.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzymes: Studies using specific antisera
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 227 (1983), S. 136-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(83)90356-9
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex difference in response to alphaxalone anaesthesia may be oestrogen dependent (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 298 (1982), S. 270-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All experiments were carried out on laboratory-bred Wistar rats4. Anaesthetics were given i.p. and the adequacy of analgesia was tested by observing the somatomotor response to painful stimuli. Duration of anaesthesia was taken as the time between the loss and the gain of the withdrawal reflex on ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/298270a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone surge in pro-oestrous rats (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 264 (1976), S. 461-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All experiments were carried out on female Wistar rats, 200300 g body weight, which were maintained under controlled lighting (lights on 05001900) and temperature (22 C), and exhibited regular 4-d oestrous cycles. The animals were given free access to Diet 41B (F. Dixon & Sons, Ware) and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/264461a0
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