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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Arecibo radar observations of Titan at 13-centimeter wavelength indicate that most of the echo power is in a diffusely scattered component but that a small specular component is present for about 75% of the subearth locations observed. These specular echoes have properties consistent with those expected for areas of liquid hydrocarbons. Knowledge of the areal extent and depth of any deposits of liquid hydrocarbons could strongly constrain the history of Titan's atmosphere and surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, Donald B -- Black, Gregory J -- Carter, Lynn M -- Ostro, Steven J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):431-4. Epub 2003 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center and Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. campbell@astro.cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Atmosphere ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Hydrocarbons ; Ice ; Radar ; *Saturn ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-07-27
    Description: Observations of near-Earth asteroid 1998 KY26 shortly after its discovery reveal a slightly elongated spheroid with a diameter of about 30 meters, a composition analogous to carbonaceous chondritic meteorites, and a rotation period of 10.7 minutes, which is an order of magnitude shorter than that measured for any other solar system object. The rotation is too rapid for 1998 KY26 to consist of multiple components bound together just by their mutual gravitational attraction. This monolithic object probably is a fragment derived from cratering or collisional destruction of a much larger asteroid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostro -- Pravec -- Benner -- Hudson -- Sarounova -- Hicks -- Rabinowitz -- Scotti -- Tholen -- Wolf -- Jurgens -- Thomas -- Giorgini -- Chodas -- Yeomans -- Rose -- Frye -- Rosema -- Winkler -- Slade -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):557-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA. Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-25165 Ond&rbreve;ejov, Czech Republic. School of Electrical Engineering and.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10417379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: Integration of the orbit of asteroid (29075) 1950 DA, which is based on radar and optical measurements spanning 51 years, reveals a 20-minute interval in March 2880 when there could be a nonnegligible probability of the 1-kilometer object colliding with Earth. Trajectory knowledge remains accurate until then because of extensive astrometric data, an inclined orbit geometry that reduces in-plane perturbations, and an orbit uncertainty space modulated by gravitational resonance. The approach distance uncertainty in 2880 is determined primarily by uncertainty in the accelerations arising from thermal re-radiation of solar energy absorbed by the asteroid. Those accelerations depend on the spin axis, composition, and surface properties of the asteroid, so that refining the collision probability may require direct inspection by a spacecraft.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giorgini, J D -- Ostro, S J -- Benner, L A M -- Chodas, P W -- Chesley, S R -- Hudson, R S -- Nolan, M C -- Klemola, A R -- Standish, E M -- Jurgens, R F -- Rose, R -- Chamberlin, A B -- Yeomans, D K -- Margot, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):132-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA. Jon.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2000-05-08
    Description: Radar observations of the main-belt, M-class asteroid 216 Kleopatra reveal a dumbbell-shaped object with overall dimensions of 217 kilometers by 94 kilometers by 81 kilometers (+/-25%). The asteroid's surface properties are consistent with a regolith having a metallic composition and a porosity comparable to that of lunar soil. Kleopatra's shape is probably the outcome of an exotic sequence of collisional events, and much of its interior may have an unconsolidated rubble-pile structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostro -- Hudson -- Nolan -- Margot -- Scheeres -- Campbell -- Magri -- Giorgini -- Yeomans -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 5;288(5467):836-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2752, USA. Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10797000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1990-06-22
    Description: Radar observations of the near-Earth asteroid 1989 PB, made shortly after its optical discovery, yield a sequence of delay-Doppler images that reveal it to consist of two distinct lobes that appear to be in contact. It seems likely that the two lobes once were separate and that they collided to produce the current "contact-binary" configuration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostro, S J -- Chandler, J F -- Hine, A A -- Rosema, K D -- Shapiro, I I -- Yeomans, D K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1523-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17818312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1989-03-24
    Description: Radar echoes from the martian satellite Phobos provide information about that object's surface properties at scales near the 3.5-cm observing wavelength. Phobos appears less rough than the moon at centimeter-to-decimeter scales. The uppermost few decimeters of the satellite's regolith have a mean bulk density within 20% of 2.0 g cm(-3). The radar signature of Phobos (albedo, polarization ratio, and echo spectral shape) differs from signatures measured for small, Earth-approaching objects, but resembles those of large (〉/=100-km), C-class, mainbelt asteroids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostro, S J -- Jurgens, R F -- Yeomans, D K -- Standish, E M -- Greiner, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1584-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17847261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1991-06-07
    Description: Echoes from the near-Earth object 1986 DA show it to be significantly more reflective than other radar-detected asteroids. This result supports the hypothesis that 1986 DA is a piece of NiFe metal derived from the interior of a much larger object that melted, differentiated, cooled, and subsequently was disrupted in a catastrophic collision. This 2-kilometer asteroid, which appears smooth at centimeter to meter scales but extremely irregular at 10- to 100-meter scales, might be (or have been a part of the parent body of some iron meteorites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostro, S J -- Campbell, D B -- Chandler, J F -- Hine, A A -- Hudson, R S -- Rosema, K D -- Shapiro, I I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 7;252(5011):1399-404.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17772910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: Radar and optical observations reveal that the continuous increase in the spin rate of near-Earth asteroid (54509) 2000 PH5 can be attributed to the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect, a torque due to sunlight. The change in spin rate is in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions for the YORP acceleration of a body with the radar-determined size, shape, and spin state of 2000 PH5. The detection of asteroid spin-up supports the YORP effect as an explanation for the anomalous distribution of spin rates for asteroids under 10 kilometers in diameter and as a binary formation mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Patrick A -- Margot, Jean-Luc -- Vokrouhlicky, David -- Scheeres, Daniel J -- Pravec, Petr -- Lowry, Stephen C -- Fitzsimmons, Alan -- Nolan, Michael C -- Ostro, Steven J -- Benner, Lance A M -- Giorgini, Jon D -- Magri, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):274-7. Epub 2007 Mar 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA. ptaylor@astro.cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: Cassini radar observations of Saturn's moon Titan over several years show that its rotational period is changing and is different from its orbital period. The present-day rotation period difference from synchronous spin leads to a shift of approximately 0.36 degrees per year in apparent longitude and is consistent with seasonal exchange of angular momentum between the surface and Titan's dense superrotating atmosphere, but only if Titan's crust is decoupled from the core by an internal water ocean like that on Europa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lorenz, Ralph D -- Stiles, Bryan W -- Kirk, Randolph L -- Allison, Michael D -- Del Marmo, Paolo Persi -- Iess, Luciano -- Lunine, Jonathan I -- Ostro, Steven J -- Hensley, Scott -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1649-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1151639.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. ralph.lorenz@jhuapl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; *Water ; Wind
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1997-12-24
    Description: Radar observations of comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2) made at the Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in California have detected echoes from the nucleus and from large grains in the inner coma. The nucleus of this bright comet was estimated to be only 2 to 3 kilometers in diameter. Models of the coma echo indicate backscatter from porous, centimeter-size grains ejected anisotropically at velocities of tens of meters per second. The radar observations suggest that a comet's activity may be a poor indicator of its size and provide evidence that large grains constitute an important component of the mass loss from a typical active comet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harmon -- Ostro -- Benner -- Rosema -- Jurgens -- Winkler -- Yeomans -- Choate -- Cormier -- Giorgini -- Mitchell -- Chodas -- Rose -- Kelley -- Slade -- Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Dec 12;278(5345):1921-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. K. Harmon, National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo Observatory, Post Office Box 995, Arecibo, PR 00614, USA. S. J. Ostro, L. A. M. Benner, K. D. Rosema, R. F. Jurgens, R. Winkler, D. K. Yeomans, D. Choate, R. Cormier, J. D. Giorg.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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