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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-09-18
    Description: The Cedars, in coastal northern California, is an active site of peridotite serpentinization. The spring waters that emerge from this system feature very high pH, low redox potential, and low ionic concentrations, making it an exceptionally challenging environment for life. We report a multiyear, culture-independent geomicrobiological study of three springs...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-09-26
    Description: Rupture properties, such as rupture direction, length, propagation speed and source duration, provide important insights into earthquake mechanisms. One approach to estimate these properties is to investigate the body-wave duration that depends upon the relative location of the station with respect to the rupture direction. Under the assumption that the propagation is unilateral, the duration can be expressed as a function of the dip and azimuth of the rupture. Examination of duration measurements with respect to both the take-off angle and the azimuth is crucial to obtain robust estimates of rupture parameters, especially for nearly vertical rupture propagation. Moreover, limited data coverage, such as using only teleseismic data, can bias the source duration estimate for dipping ruptures, and this bias can map into estimates of other source properties such as rupture extent and rupture speed. Based upon this framework, we introduce an inversion scheme that uses the duration measurements to obtain four parameters: the source duration, a measure of the rupture extent and speed, and dip and azimuth of the rupture propagation. The method is applied to two deep-focus events in the Sea of Okhotsk region, an M w 7.7 event that occurred on 2012 August 14 and an M w 8.3 event from 2013 May 24. The source durations are 26 ± 1 and 37 ± 1 s, and rupture speeds are 49 ± 4 per cent and 26 ± 3 per cent of shear wave speed for the M w 7.7 and 8.3 events, respectively. The azimuths of the two ruptures are parallel to the trench, but are in opposite directions. The dips of the M w 7.7 and 8.3 events are constrained to be 48° ± 8° downdip and 19° ± 8° updip, respectively. The fit to the data is significantly poorer for the M w 8.3 event than the M w 7.7 event, suggesting that the unilateral rupture may not be a good assumption. The analysis is expanded into a multi-episode model, and a secondary episode is determined for the M w 8.3 event in the southeast direction. The two-episode model gives a better fit to the data than the unilateral model and is compatible with the back-projection analysis, demonstrating that the rupture propagation of the M w 8.3 event is complex.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉Monitoring and assessing instrument performance and response are crucial to various seismological analyses that utilize the seismic signal recorded by the instrument. One of the important components of the instrument response is the gain or the amplification factor that determines the amplitude of the recorded wave arrival. We introduce a new method to detect problems in the gain of three‐component seismographs by examining the body‐wave polarization. Anomalous gain of a certain component causes 〈span〉P〈/span〉‐ and 〈span〉S〈/span〉‐wave polarization to be distinct from expected values, allowing one to identify the issue in the instrument. The method is applied to the High‐Sensitivity Seismograph Network (Hi‐net) stations between 2004 and 2016, and 305 out of 790 stations are identified to have issues at various time periods. The detections are confirmed by comparison with the Hi‐net daily calibration pulses. Utilization of teleseismic body‐wave polarization information is an effective way to detect instrument gain problems without physically examining the instrument, which is particularly advantageous for instruments such as borehole or ocean‐bottom sensors that cannot be accessed easily.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-02-05
    Description: IL-15 is a cytokine critical for development, maintenance, and response of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NK T cells, and dendritic cells. However, the identity and distribution of IL-15–expressing cells in lymphoid organs are not well understood. To address these questions, we established and analyzed IL-15–CFP knock-in mice. We...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1997-07-11
    Description: In vertebrates, the presence of multiple heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) indicates that these factors may be regulated by distinct stress signals. HSF3 was specifically activated in unstressed proliferating cells by direct binding to the c-myb proto-oncogene product (c-Myb). These factors formed a complex through their DNA binding domains that stimulated the nuclear entry and formation of the transcriptionally active trimer of HSF3. Because c-Myb participates in cellular proliferation, this regulatory pathway may provide a link between cellular proliferation and the stress response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kanei-Ishii, C -- Tanikawa, J -- Nakai, A -- Morimoto, R I -- Ishii, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 11;277(5323):246-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Tsukuba Life Science Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9211854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-04-02
    Description: Adiponectin is an anti-diabetic adipokine. Its receptors possess a seven-transmembrane topology with the amino terminus located intracellularly, which is the opposite of G-protein-coupled receptors. Here we provide evidence that adiponectin induces extracellular Ca(2+) influx by adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), which was necessary for subsequent activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CaMKKbeta), AMPK and SIRT1, increased expression and decreased acetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), and increased mitochondria in myocytes. Moreover, muscle-specific disruption of AdipoR1 suppressed the adiponectin-mediated increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, and decreased the activation of CaMKK, AMPK and SIRT1 by adiponectin. Suppression of AdipoR1 also resulted in decreased PGC-1alpha expression and deacetylation, decreased mitochondrial content and enzymes, decreased oxidative type I myofibres, and decreased oxidative stress-detoxifying enzymes in skeletal muscle, which were associated with insulin resistance and decreased exercise endurance. Decreased levels of adiponectin and AdipoR1 in obesity may have causal roles in mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance seen in diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iwabu, Masato -- Yamauchi, Toshimasa -- Okada-Iwabu, Miki -- Sato, Koji -- Nakagawa, Tatsuro -- Funata, Masaaki -- Yamaguchi, Mamiko -- Namiki, Shigeyuki -- Nakayama, Ryo -- Tabata, Mitsuhisa -- Ogata, Hitomi -- Kubota, Naoto -- Takamoto, Iseki -- Hayashi, Yukiko K -- Yamauchi, Naoko -- Waki, Hironori -- Fukayama, Masashi -- Nishino, Ichizo -- Tokuyama, Kumpei -- Ueki, Kohjiro -- Oike, Yuichi -- Ishii, Satoshi -- Hirose, Kenzo -- Shimizu, Takao -- Touhara, Kazushige -- Kadowaki, Takashi -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1313-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08991. Epub 2010 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20357764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Adiponectin/*metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Muscle Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Receptors, Adiponectin/deficiency/*metabolism ; Sirtuin 1/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉ABSTRACT〈/div〉Monitoring and assessing instrument performance and response are crucial to various seismological analyses that utilize the seismic signal recorded by the instrument. One of the important components of the instrument response is the gain or the amplification factor that determines the amplitude of the recorded wave arrival. We introduce a new method to detect problems in the gain of three‐component seismographs by examining the body‐wave polarization. Anomalous gain of a certain component causes 〈span〉P〈/span〉‐ and 〈span〉S〈/span〉‐wave polarization to be distinct from expected values, allowing one to identify the issue in the instrument. The method is applied to the High‐Sensitivity Seismograph Network (Hi‐net) stations between 2004 and 2016, and 305 out of 790 stations are identified to have issues at various time periods. The detections are confirmed by comparison with the Hi‐net daily calibration pulses. Utilization of teleseismic body‐wave polarization information is an effective way to detect instrument gain problems without physically examining the instrument, which is particularly advantageous for instruments such as borehole or ocean‐bottom sensors that cannot be accessed easily.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: Generation of a diverse and self-tolerant T-cell repertoire requires appropriate interpretation of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signals by CD4(+ ) CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes. Thymocyte cell fate is dictated by the nature of TCR-major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC)-peptide interactions, with signals of higher strength leading to death (negative selection) and signals of intermediate strength leading to differentiation (positive selection). Molecules that regulate T-cell development by modulating TCR signal strength have been described but components that specifically define the boundaries between positive and negative selection remain unknown. Here we show in mice that repression of TCR-induced death pathways is critical for proper interpretation of positive selecting signals in vivo, and identify schnurri-2 (Shn2; also known as Hivep2) as a crucial death dampener. Our results indicate that Shn2(-/-) double-positive thymocytes inappropriately undergo negative selection in response to positive selecting signals, thus leading to disrupted T-cell development. Shn2(-/-) double-positive thymocytes are more sensitive to TCR-induced death in vitro and die in response to positive selection interactions in vivo. However, Shn2-deficient thymocytes can be positively selected when TCR-induced death is genetically ablated. Shn2 levels increase after TCR stimulation, indicating that integration of multiple TCR-MHC-peptide interactions may fine-tune the death threshold. Mechanistically, Shn2 functions downstream of TCR proximal signalling compenents to dampen Bax activation and the mitochondrial death pathway. Our findings uncover a critical regulator of T-cell development that controls the balance between death and differentiation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077958/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077958/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Staton, Tracy L -- Lazarevic, Vanja -- Jones, Dallas C -- Lanser, Amanda J -- Takagi, Tsuyoshi -- Ishii, Shunsuke -- Glimcher, Laurie H -- AI29673/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- K99AR055668/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI029673/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI029673-22/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007290/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):105-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09848.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21475200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/deficiency/genetics ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-03-21
    Description: We report here molecular mechanisms underlying a bacteria-archaeon symbiosis. We found that a fermentative bacterium used its flagellum for interaction with a specific methanogenic archaeon. The archaeon perceived a bacterial flagellum protein and activated its metabolism (methanogenesis). Transcriptome analyses showed that a substantial number of genes in the archaeon, including those involved in the methanogenesis pathway, were up-regulated after the contact with the flagellum protein. These findings suggest that the bacterium communicates with the archaeon by using its flagellum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimoyama, Takefumi -- Kato, Souichiro -- Ishii, Shun'ichi -- Watanabe, Kazuya -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1574. doi: 10.1126/science.1170086.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Marine Biotechnology Institute, 3-75-1 Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Flagella/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Methane/biosynthesis ; Methanobacteriaceae/genetics/*physiology ; Peptococcaceae/genetics/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Symbiosis ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Animal behaviors are reinforced by subsequent rewards following within a narrow time window. Such reward signals are primarily coded by dopamine, which modulates the synaptic connections of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. The mechanisms of the narrow timing detection, however, remain unknown. Here, we optically stimulated dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs separately and found that dopamine promoted spine enlargement only during a narrow time window (0.3 to 2 seconds) after the glutamatergic inputs. The temporal contingency was detected by rapid regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in thin distal dendrites, in which protein-kinase A was activated only within the time window because of a high phosphodiesterase activity. Thus, we describe a molecular basis of reinforcement plasticity at the level of single dendritic spines.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4225776/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4225776/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yagishita, Sho -- Hayashi-Takagi, Akiko -- Ellis-Davies, Graham C R -- Urakubo, Hidetoshi -- Ishii, Shin -- Kasai, Haruo -- DA035612/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM53395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM053395/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS069720/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 DA035612/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1616-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1255514.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. ; Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. ; Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. ; Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. hkasai@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Dendritic Spines/*drug effects/physiology ; Dopamine/*pharmacology ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Electrical Synapses/drug effects/physiology ; Glutamic Acid/*physiology ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity/*drug effects ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; *Reward ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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