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  • 1
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    Dive, food and exercise effects on blood microparticles in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) : exploring a biomarker for decompression sickness (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of American Physiological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 310 (2016): R596-R601, doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00512.2015.
    Description: Recent studies of stranded marine mammals indicate that exposure to underwater military sonar may induce pathophysiological responses consistent with decompression sickness (DCS). However, DCS has been difficult to diagnose in marine mammals. We investigated whether blood microparticles (MPs, measured as number/μl plasma), which increase in response to decompression stress in terrestrial mammals, are a suitable biomarker for DCS in marine mammals. We obtained blood samples from trained Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus, 4 adult females) wearing time-depth recorders that dove to predetermined depths (either 5 or 50 m). We hypothesized that MPs would be positively related to decompression stress (depth and duration underwater). We also tested the effect of feeding and exercise in isolation on MPs using the same blood sampling protocol. We found that feeding and exercise had no effect on blood MP levels, but that diving caused MPs to increase. However, blood MP levels did not correlate with diving depth, relative time underwater, and presumably decompression stress―possibly indicating acclimation following repeated exposure to depth.
    Description: Funding for this project was provided by the Office of Naval Research to MM (ONR Award # N00014-12-10388) and SRT (ONR Award # N00014-13-10614). Additional support was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the North Pacific Marine Science Foundation and the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium.
    Description: 2017-02-03
    Keywords: Sea lion ; Decompression ; Stress ; Apnea ; Diving ; Bubbles
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COST OF TRANSPORT IN STELLER SEA LIONS, EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 18 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The cost of swimming is a key component in the energy budgets of marine mammals. Unfortunately, data to derive predictive allometric equations are limited, and estimates exist for only one other species of otariid. Our study measured the oxygen consumption of three juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) swimming in a flume tank at velocities up to 2.2 m sec−1. Minimum measured cost of transport ranged from 3.5–5.3 J kg−1 m−1, and was reached at swimming speeds of 1.7–2.1 m s−1. These cost-of-transport values are higher than those reported for other marine mammals. However, once differences in stationary metabolic rate were accounted for, the locomotor costs (LC) for the Steller sea lions were commensurate with those of other marine mammals. Locomotor costs (LC in J m−1) appeared to be directly proportional to body mass (M in kg) such that LC = 1.651M1.01. These estimates for the cost of locomotion can be incorporated into bioenergetic models and used to determine the energetic consequences of observed swimming behavior in wild marine mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01052.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Diversity of Topological Applications within Computer-aided Geometric Design (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 728 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: : Boolean algebras of regular closed sets, continuous functions, tame homeomorphisms, and Betti numbers are representative of the spectrum of topological tools that have been useful within computer aided geometric design (CAGD). The history of mathematics is rich with examples where the investigation of applications leads to extensions of existing theory. In that spirit, representative applications of topology to CAGD are presented. The intent is to present these examples in mathematical language within their larger mathematical context, so that other topologists might be encouraged to simultaneously enrich CAGD practice and mathematical theory. The authors' own research has benefited from such synergy, in that preparation of this article has resulted in new findings, which are presented herein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44145.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEASONAL CHANGES IN BLUBBER DISTRIBUTION IN ATLANTIC HARBOR SEALS: INDICATIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Among its functions, the hypodermal blubber layer of pinnipeds serves as both an energy reserve and insulation. This study examined seasonal changes in blubber distribution and body morphology in a group of captive changesharbor seals to test whether these changes were designed to maximize insulative effectiveness. Seasonal changes were found in girth, blubber volume, mean blubber depth, and the ratio of blubber depth to body radius (d/r ratio). These changes were more evident in older seals. The d/r ratio demonstrated a smaller relative annual change than mean blubber depth. The d/r ratio also exhibited less variation along the length of the seal than blubber depth at any given time. Similar to reports for ringed seals, and contrary to those for southern elephant seals, the harbor seals preferentially lost blubber from overinsulated areas of the body. These results suggest that core tissue and blubber mass are lost in a manner that maximizes insulative effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00630.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Casein Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens Growth and Exoprotease Production (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth of C. perfringens strain 3624 on a defined medium containing ANRC Reference Casein as the nitrogen source was investigated. Gas production, monitored manometrically as an index of growth, indicated a depressed growth response of the organism in the casein-containing medium. Increased growth response resulting from pepsin treatment of the casein was largely due to the enzyme serving as a nitrogen source. Chelation of iron by casein was not responsible for the growth inhibition. Casein suspended in complete medium was not inhibitory to the organism. Growth studies indicated that native casein was not available as a nitrogen source to the organism. Acid hydrolyzed casein and commercial casein hydrolysate served as suitable nitrogen sources for growth of the organism, however exoprotease production was repressed in both media as well as in medium containing native casein as the sole nitrogen source. C. perfringens strain 3624 produced exoprotease in the completely defined medium containing synthetic amino acids, indicating the possible presence of an amino acid or a metabolite, not produced in the casein-containing medium which functioned to derepress the enzyme synthesizing mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb14556.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Induction and Transforming Growth Factor-β (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 593 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16103.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUANTIFYING ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH USING PREY SKELETAL STRUCTURES FROM FECAL SAMPLES TO DETERMINE THE DIET OF STELLER'S SEA LION (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 19 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We examined the digestion and passage times of bones and other hard parts from pollock, herring, salmon, and sandlance recovered from two juvenile captive Steller's sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) subjected to varying activity levels. Key bones that could be identified to species were distributed over an average of 3.2 scats (range 1–6) following a single meal, with pollock remains occurring in significantly more scats than other species. Relying on otoliths alone to determine the presence of prey resulted in significantly fewer prey being identified than if other structures were also used (such as vertebrae, jaw bones, and teeth), particularly for salmon. Using either technique, there were significant differences in the likelihood that bones would be recovered from the series of scats produced following a meal, with pollock recovery exceeding herring (by three-fold) and sandlance (by eight-fold). Differences between species were reduced when recovery was calculated on a per scat basis rather than over multiple scats. Active animals passed greater numbers of bones, but the overall effect on prey recovery estimates was not significant. Defecation times of prey structures from a meal were variable and ranged from an initial 2–56 h to a final 28–148 h. The time interval to pass 95% of recovered structutes varied by a factor of two among prey species, and was highest for pollock due to retention beyond 65 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01127.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Usage of accuracy models in stereolithography process planning (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Rapid prototyping journal 6 (2000), S. 77-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2546
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Determining whether a set of tolerances on a part can be met by a rapid prototyping (RP) machine is often difficult. To achieve a set of tolerances as closely as possible, relationships between part geometry, tolerances, and process variables must be understood quantitatively. This paper presents an empirical model for stereolithography apparatus (SLA) accuracy, as specified by geometric tolerances, and a process planning method based on response surface methodology and multiobjective optimization. Response surfaces are used to capture the relationships among part surfaces, tolerances, and process variables. These response surfaces were generated by extensive design-of-experiment studies for a variety of geometries. An annotated STL data format is also presented that enables the inclusion of tolerance and surface information in faceted representations. Application of the accuracy models and process planning method is illustrated on one part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540010323600
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release behavior for powder injection molding in stereolithography molds (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Rapid prototyping journal 7 (2001), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1355-2546
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Adhesion has been measured between a powder injection molded (PIM) part and the stereolithography epoxy mold surrounding it after cooling. Analysis of release behavior suggests a link to the thermal properties of the mold material. Subsequent measurements of cooling in the part and at the part/mold interface are consistent with a one-dimensional heat transfer model. Adhesion development at the part/mold interface shows a complex dependence on the thermal characteristics of both the mold and the PIM feedstock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552540110386772
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD69 acts downstream of interferon-α/β to inhibit S1P 1 and lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 440 (2006), S. 540-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Naive lymphocytes continually enter and exit lymphoid organs in a recirculation process that is essential for immune surveillance. During immune responses, the egress process can be shut down transiently. When this occurs locally it increases lymphocyte numbers in the responding lymphoid organ; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04606
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