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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome Size Variation in Maize Populations Selected for Cold Tolerance (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 106 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Previous studies have indicated a relationship between genome size and cold tolerance in plants. Many species adapted to growth in cool environments have large genome sizes. These studies are based on interspecific DNA content variation. In this study, the nuclear DNA content of eight maize populations was determined. These populations were obtained from the University of Nebraska and represent populations selected for cold tolerance and their respective unselected original populations. Intraspecific DNA content variation was observed between the selected and unselected populations. Upon assessing the data based solely on cold tolerance, no clear relationship between genome size and cold tolerance was apparent. When both freeze tolerance and cold tolerance were considered, populations which were cold tolerant and exhibited a certain degree of freeze tolerance were observed to have significantly larger genomes relative to the unselected populations. Thus, it appears that the relationship between intraspecific genome size variation and cold tolerance is similar to the relationship between interspecific genome size variation and growth at cooler temperatures in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00500.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for Early Flowering Results in Simultaneous Selection for Reduced Nuclear DNA Content in Maize (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 112 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Several studies have indicated a possible link between genome size and earliness in maize. In this study, an original maize population, South African photo-period insensitive maize composite II (C0) and several selected generations were analyzed for days to flowering, plant height, ear height, and yield. The selection criterion was earliness. Over six cycles of selection a 14-day decrease in days to flowering was obtained with no significant reduction in grain yield. In the initial population (C0) and the most advanced selection (C6) 101 plants were analyzed for nuclear DNA content. A significant decrease in the mean nuclear DNA content of the C0 population (102 AU) was observed with respect to the C0 population (105 AU). This reduction was the result of a decrease in frequency of plants in the C6 population with large genome sizes. Therefore it was concluded that selection for earliness resulted in selection against plants with large genome sizes. Hence, the nucleotype of a maize plant can be modified by selection such as early flowering time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00690.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear alterations of maize plants grown in soil contaminated with coal fly ash (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 25 (1993), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Maize seedlings were grown in soil mixed with coal fly ash at rates of 35 t/ha, 70 t/ha, and 500 t/ha. Nuclei were isolated from the seedlings and analyzed by flow cytometry. Nuclei from seedlings grown in 70 t/ha and 500 t/ha fly ash had significantly higher fluorescence intensities when stained with propidium iodide and analyzed by flow cytometry than control plants. This increase in fluorescence intensity is correlated with alterations of the plant nucleus. Mean coefficients of variation of the G1 peaks were also increased in the fly ash treatments relative to controls. The high concentration of fly ash disrupted the cell cycle of seedlings, resulting in a higher frequency of G2 nuclei. Additionally, three triploid plants were found in the fly ash treatments. Despite the nuclear alterations, plants grown at 70 t/ha of fly ash appeared healthy. Thus, nuclear damage was evident at levels that do not significantly alter the phenotype. Because fly ash was revealed to induce nuclear changes in maize plants, its environmental safety should be carefully evaluated. Short-term field observation studies are inadequate for predicting the long-term consequences of large scale land application of this coal combustion product. In addition, the maize line used in this study has the potential to be used as a bioassay in monitoring potential contamination of land surrounding fly ash landfills and disposal ponds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214342
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of the D-genome of the Triticeae (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 385-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: In situ hybridization ; Biotin labeling ; Chromosome evolution ; Aegilops
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosome of three tetraploid Aegilops L. species containing the D-genome were analyzed by in situ hybridization with a repeated DNA sequence clone pAS1 isolated from Aegilops squarrosa and observed to be D-genome specific. This sequence is found on all seven D-genome chromosome pairs of A. squarrosa and hexaploid wheat. Two distinct D-genome patterns were observed in the tetraploid species. The D-genome of A. cylindrica was similar to hexaploid wheat. Seven pairs of chromosomes having large amounts and numerous sites of the sequence were observed. Five chromosome pairs with fewer and smaller sites of the repetitive sequence were observed in the D-genomes of A. crassa and A. ventricosa. In addition to these major repeated sequence differences, chromosomal modifications appear to have occurred between T. aestivum and A. cylindrica and between A. crassa and A. ventricosa resulting in changes with respect to location of the sequence between the respective species. D-genome divergence with respect to pAS1 sequence appears to have occurred at least in two forms, one characterized by the changes in amount of repetitive sequence and the second by changes in location of the sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262505
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear DNA amount, growth, and yield parameters in maize (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 557-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; Genome size ; Adaptation ; Nucleotype ; Agronomic performance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extensive nuclear DNA content variation has been observed inZea mays. Of particular interest is the effect of this variation on the agronomic potential of maize. In the present study, yield and growth data were collected on 12 southwestern US maize open-pollinated populations. These populations, originally cultivated by the Indians of the southwestern US for both human and animal consumption and adapted to various altitudes, were grown in replicated plots at the University of Illinois Agronomy-Plant Pathology South Farm. All growth and yield parameters were found to be negatively correlated with nuclear DNA amount. The negative correlations of nuclear DNA amount and growth parameters were more pronounced at 60 days after planting (DAP) than 30 DAP. Agronomically-important yield parameters, such as ear or seed weight and seed number per plant, also exhibited a significant negative correlations with nuclear DNA amount. These correlations demonstrate how the nucleotype may exhibit a high degree of influence on the agronomic phenotype. Although the results presented here represent only three replications at one location in 1 year, the observations noted suggest that nucleotype plays an integral role in determining the agronomic performance of maize. Further studies are needed to fully document this role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240918
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome size variation in Zea mays ssp. mays adapted to different altitudes (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 470-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genome size ; Corn ; Flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have indicated a positive correlation between genome size and altitude among plant species. It has been hypothesized that increasing genome size occurs due to increasing C-banded heterochromatin. In corn, increasing altitude has been correlated with decreasing knob (C-banded) heterochromatin, suggesting that DNA content may decrease with increasing altitude. In this study, nuclear DNA content of 12 southwestern United States Indian maize populations, collected at various altitudes, was determined. The significant positive correlation observed between genome size and altitude suggests that corn follows the trend of increasing DNA content with increasing altitude observed in other plant species. Whether this correlation is due to increasing knob heterochromatin or additional intra- or supernumerary chromosomal DNA sequences has yet to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226155
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated DNA sequences inTriticum (Poaceae): Chromosomal mapping and its bearing on the evolution of B and G genomes (1988)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 159 (1988), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: AngiospermsPoaceae ; Triticum ; Evolution ; in situ hybridization ; biotin labelling ; G genome chromosomes ; repeated DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The somatic chromosomes ofTriticum turgicum var.durum cv. Langdon andT. dicoccoides (AABB tetraploids),T. timopheevii, andT. araraticum (AAGG tetraploids) were assayed for distribution patterns of a highly repeated 120bp DNA sequence by in situ hybridization. The repeated sequence appears to be an ancient sequence shared withSecale andAegilops. The distribution patterns of the chromosomes were compared to the patterns of the A and B genome chromosomes ofT. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (AABBDD hexaploid).T. turgidum andT. dicoccoides were observed to have identical in situ hybridization patterns. In both species, nine chromosomes with a total of 21 sites of hybridization were observed. The pattern, with few exceptions, was identical to that of Chinese Spring.T. araraticum andT. timopheevii were observed to have different patterns. InT. araraticum, six chromosomes with 21 total hybridization sites are present while inT. timopheevii nine chromosomes with 19 total sites exist. Major differences in hybridization patterns were observed between the B and G genomes. The divergence of the tetraploid wheats in this study appears to have resulted in changes in location, not in amount, of the ancient repeated sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935974
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological identification of 1B/1R wheat-rye translocations in winter wheat breeding lines (1988)
    Springer
    Euphytica 38 (1988), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum L. ; Secale cereale L. ; chromosome banding ; N-banding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The incorporation of rye (S. cereale L.) chromatin into winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars is often achieved via hybridization of unadapted wheat-rye translocation lines with adapted wheat germplasm. Identification of progenies possessing the translocated chromosome has traditionally involved phenotypic screening for the desired rye characteristics. In this study, the Giemsa N-banding technique was evaluated as a potential screening tool for detection of 1B/1R wheat-rye translocations. Five breeding lines were examined from the pedigree Aurora/2*TAM W-101. The differential banding patterns of chromosome 1B contributed by TAM W-101 and chromosome 1B/1R contributed by Aurora allowed unequivocal identification of translocation genotypes. Three of the lines were found to be heterogeneous, whereby plants were homozygous for either the normal 1B or the translocated 1B/1R chromosome. The remaining two lines were observed to be homozygous and homogeneous for the translocated 1B/1R chromosome. The implication of N-banding chromosomal analyses to wheat breeding is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023526
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of RAPD markers for determining cultivar specific DNA profiles in rye (Secale cereale L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 75 (1994), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: PCR ; polymorphisms ; DNA ; RAPDs ; rye ; Secale cereale ; stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Cultivar specific DNA profiles in rye were revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) sequences. Ten base primers were used for the amplification of genomic DNA of rye cultivars by PCR. RAPD analysis was found to be reproducible among samples between PCR runs. When amplification profiles of different rye cultivars were compared using various primers, the overall profiles were cultivar specific. However, not all primers revealed polymorphisms. These primers appear to amplify conserved sequences in all rye cultivars. Intracultivar studies were conducted on two of the cultivars. In the cultivar Imperial, no polymorphisms were observed among ten plants analyzed with five primers. In the cultivar Balboa, polymorphisms were observed among fifty plants with four of the ten primers analyzed. Despite the small amount of intracultivar variability, RAPD analysis has the potential to be a rapid and reliable method of cultivar identification in this outcrossing species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of photosynthetic variation in hexaploid and tetraploid wheat and their interspecific hybrids (1989)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 20 (1989), S. 105-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: photosynthesis ; genetic variation ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Triticum dicoccoides Korn ; introgression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intra- and inter-specific variation in CO2 assimilation rate (A) in Triticum spp. is well documented for reproductive growth stages. Research was conducted to characterize early vegetative photosynthetic variation in a diverse set of cultivated hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.) germplasm and in wild tetraploid (T. dicoccoides Korn) and hexaploid x tetraploid populations. Choice of hexaploid genotypes was based on maximum genetic distance between cultivars within the HRW and SRW wheat classes of the USA. The tetraploid material was produced by hybridizing two accessions of T. dicoccoides previously shown to differ widely in A and A/Chl but with similar leaf morphology. Genetic variability in the HRW and SRW gene pools was attributed to more recently developed descendent lines and unrelated lines rather than parental lines. Phenotypic distributions for A, stomatal conductance (gs), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) in the F2 tetraploid population were continuous and showed transgressive segregation, reflecting quantitative inheritance with intermediate heritability. Variability in A was not associated with chlorophyll content or CO2 supply to the mesophyll measured as Ci. Genetic variability in A was also observed in the interspecific backcross population, 2*TAM W-101/PI 428109, thereby providing a germplasm pool to select for high A while restoring the D genome of hexaploid wheat. These results suggest that genetic improvement of vegetative assimilation rate is feasible in hexaploid wheat via homologous transfer from an alien source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034120
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