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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence of diflubenzuron on Appalachian forest leaves in stream water (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 41 (1993), S. 2191-2196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a070
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization and processing of leaf litter by macroinvertebrate shredders in streams of contrasting pH (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 30 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1 Leaf litter processing rates and macroinvertebrate shredder assemblages in leaf packs were compared in four streams on the Allegheny plateau in the central Appalachian Mountains, U.S.A.; these streams were characterized by different bedrock geology and streamwater pH.2 Leaf litter processing rates were fastest in the neutral streams, slowest in the acidic stream, and intermediate in the most alkaline stream.3 Slower processing rates in the acidic stream were associated with lower total shredder biomass, made up predominantly by small leuctrid and nemourid stoneflies.4 The differences in processing rates between the more alkaline stream and the neutral streams were not associated with differences in shredder biomass, but appeared to be related to taxonomic differences in the shredder assembiages. Insects were dominant in the neutral streams, and amphipods were dominant in the more alkaline stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00791.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing researcher impacts from a long-term sampling program of wetland communities in the Everglades National Park, Florida, U.S.A. (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 49 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. Long-term monitoring requires repeated visits to a study site, greatly increasing the potential for cumulative visitation effects. For ecological studies in general, and for monitoring in particular, data must be evaluated for confounding artefacts from researcher presence. We compared aquatic communities at long-term sampling plots (nine sites, each with three plots, studied continuously from 6 to 22 years) in the Everglades National Park to previously unsampled reference plots adjacent to them to assess the effects of researcher visitation on the flora and fauna.2. We identified two criteria that are sensitive to local habitat heterogeneity for assessment of visitation impacts. First, the long-term plots must differ from adjacent reference plots by a magnitude that exceeded variation among plots separated by equal or greater distance (i.e. the difference is greater than expected by scaling of community change proportional with distance); and second, multiple reference plots must consistently differ in direction (e.g. greater abundance or less abundance) from adjacent long-term plots. We also tested for increased heterogeneity among samples from long-term plots compared with those not previously visited.3. We found no evidence of researcher effects on fish or macroinvertebrates, and only weak evidence for alteration of emergent plants and periphyton floating mats. Our failure to document visitor impacts may result from either low visitation rate or the dynamic nature of the wetlands studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01256.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACIDIFICATION AND FISH OCCURRENCE IN THE UPPER CHEAT RWER DRAINAGE, WEST VIRGINIA (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The decline of many fish populations within the mid-Appalachian region has been attributed to stream acidification as a result of acid precipitation. Many previous attempts to examine relationships between fish occurrence and acidification have been hindered by a lack of data on water quality and fish distributions. To assess relationships between water quality and bedrock type in the upper Cheat River drainage, we used EPA STORET water quality data (1969–1993) and calculated mean pH and mean alkalinity of streams associated with four bedrock types (Hampshire, Chemung, Mauch Chunk, and Pottsville). We examined the relationship between fish occurrence and bedrock type for 53 headwater streams. We found that acidity in headwater streams associated with Pottsville and Mauch Chunk groups often exceeded biological thresholds for acid-sensitive fish species (pH 〈 5.5). Streams associated with the Pottsville group typically had fewer cyprinid species and fewer total species than those associated with Mauch Chunk, Chemung, and Hampshire bedrock types. The congruent occurrence of streams with low buffering capacity, streams with pH 〉 5.5, and streams with low fish species richness indicate that acidification has influenced fish distributions in the upper Cheat River drainage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03521.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf litter processing and exoenzyme production on leaves in streams of different pH (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 460-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Detrital processing ; Exoenzymes ; ATP ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined microbial colonization, exoenzyme activity, and processing of leaves of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), red maple (Acer rubrum), and white oak (Quercus alba) in three streams on the Allegheny Plateau of West Virginia, United States. Leaf packs were placed in streams that varied in their underlying bedrock geology, and therefore in their sensitivity to the high level of acidic precipitation that occurs in this region. The mean pH of the streams was 4.3 in the South Fork of Red Run (SFR), 6.2 in Wilson Hollow Run (WHR), and 7.7 in the North Fork of Hickman Slide Run (HSR). Through time, the patterns of microbial biomass and exoenzyme activity were generally similar among leaf species, but the magnitude of microbial biomass and exoenzyme activity differed among leaf species. Pectinase activity was greatest in HSR, the most alkaline stream, whereas the activity of exocellulase and xylanase was greatest in WHR and SFR, the intermediate and acidic streams. This variation in the activity of different exoenzymes was consistent with published pH optima for these exoenzymes. Variation in processing rates, both among leaf species and among streams, seems to be related to the level of microbial exoenzyme activity on the leaf detritus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341358
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of soil and leaf litter microarthropods to forest application of diflubenzuron (1997)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 6 (1997), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: Diflubenzuron ; forest application ; soil arthropods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the effects of forest application of diflubenzuron (Dimilin®), a gypsy moth suppressant, on nontarget invertebrates in litter and soil on the forest floor. Four experimental watersheds (two treatment and two reference) in the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, were sampled for two years before and one year after application of diflubenzuron (70 g ha−1, AI). Soil and leaf litter arthropods were monitored before and after application using soil cores and litter bag colonization samplers. Frequency analysis, BACIP, and ANOVA were used to analyse the data for diflubenzuron treatment effects. During the 36 month study, soil core samples were dominated by mites (49%) and springtails (28%). A total of 19 taxonomic groups were suitable for statistical analysis. We detected no significant treatment effects based on total organism counts or counts by trophic categories (p 〈 0.05). There were no significant treatment effects for populations of major taxonomic groups, except for Araneae (spiders). Analysis of leaf litter bags also showed no significant differences in total numbers of invertebrates or in trophic categories between treated and reference watersheds during the 12 month post-treatment study. Density of one species of springtail (Sminthurus purpurescens) and springtails as a group were significantly lower in treated watersheds. High variation was associated with both soil core and leaf bag samples; because of this variation, a significance level of 0.05 should be considered very conservative. Long-term trends in soil biota were evident, demonstrating the need for well-established pre-treatment baseline data for pesticide impacts on soil organisms
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018658223388
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential growth of crayfish Procambarus alleni in relation to hydrological conditions in marl prairie wetlands of Everglades National Park, USA (2000)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 34 (2000), S. 389-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: crayfish ; Procambarus alleni ; growth ; Florida Everglades ; hydroperiod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Environmental conditions influence crustacean growth by affecting molt intervals and incremental increases in length and weight. In the seasonally-flooded marl prairie wetlands of eastern Everglades National Park, U.S.A., hydropattern exerts considerable influence on aquatic primary productivity, and so may influence the availability of food resources for higher trophic levels. The seasonal hydroperiod has been drastically altered by anthropogenic factors, but the impacts on the aquatic community are not well known. We studied whether differences in growth of crayfish Procambarus alleni could be detected in habitats with different hydroperiods. We first described growth patterns based on incremental increases in length and weight of crayfish on a high protein diet in the laboratory. Regression analyses indicated that growth patterns in males and females were similar. Although the intermolt period increased with age, the proportional increases in length and weight were similar through successive molts. The relationship between length and weight of crayfish was best described by a power equation for allometric growth. We then compared growth curves for crayfish subpopulations from different areas of the marl prairie. In habitats with the longest hydroperiods, crayfish weight-at-size was not significantly different from that in laboratory crayfish on the high protein diet. However, weight gain per unit increase in length in short hydroperiod sites was significantly less than in long hydroperiod sites or in the laboratory. These results indicate that crayfish productivity may be associated with hydroperiod in these stressed wetlands, and this may contribute to observed source-sink population regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011472828639
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Between-year variation of periphyton community structure in two Appalachian headwater streams (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 302 (1995), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: algal densities ; periphyton ; headwater streams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We used unglazed quarry tiles to survey periphyton community structure in two small Appalachian mountain streams from January through April in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Mean periphyton cell densities were greatest in 1990 (maximum of 1.3 × 108 cells cm−2), the year with the fewest periods of high discharge; cell densities were lowest in 1991 (maximum of 5.9 × 105 cells cm−2), the year characterized by the most periods of high discharge, and intermediate in 1992 (maximum of 2.1 × 106 cells cm−2). Mean cell densities of the dominant alga, the cyanophyte Chamaesiphon sp., followed this pattern, but some taxa of diatoms did not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006394
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detrital processing in streams exposed to acidic precipitation in the Central Appalachian Mountains (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 339 (1996), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Continuing high rates of acidic deposition in the eastern United States may lead to long-term effects on stream communities, because sensitive catchments are continuing to lose anions and cations. We conducted a two-year study of the effects of pH and associated water chemistry variables on detrital processing in three streams with different bedrock geology in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. We compared leaf pack processing rates and macroinvertebrate colonization and microbial biomass (ATP concentration) on the packs in the three streams. Breakdown rates of red maple and white oak leaf packs were significantly lower in the most acidic stream. The acidic stream also had significantly lower microbial and shredder biomass than two more circumneutral streams. Shredder composition differed among streams; large-particle detritivores dominated the shredder assemblages of the two circumneutral streams, and smaller shredders dominated in the acidic stream. Within streams, processing rates for three leaf species were not significantly different between the two years of the study even though invertebrate and microbial communities were different in the two years. Thus, macroinvertebrate and microbial communities differed both among streams that differed in their capacity to buffer the effects of acidic precipitation and among years in the same stream; these differences in biotic communities were not large enough to affect rates of leaf processing between the two years of the study, but they did significantly affect processing rates between acidic and circumneutral streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008918
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of experimental flow regulation on invertebrate drift and stranding in the Flathead and Kootenai Rivers, Montana, USA (1986)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 134 (1986), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: regulated rivers ; flow fluctuations ; invertebrate drift ; stranding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the effects of experimental manipulations of discharge on invertebrate drift in two regulated rivers in northwestern Montana, USA. During these studies the discharge regime in the Flathead River was characterized by frequent flow fluctuations, while in the Kootenai River high discharge was maintained for much longer periods before flow was reduced to minimum discharge. The magnitude of the response of invertebrates to disturbance was different in the two rivers, in part because of the different frequencies of flow changes. Midstream invertebrate drift increased an order of magnitude during increasing discharges in the Flathead River but was not substantially increased during decreasing discharges. When the prior discharge regime had been sustained at high levels in the Kootenai River, invertebrate drift densities as high as 300 000/100 m3 were measured along the shoreline following reductions in discharge, both immediately after flow began to decrease and after dark on the same day. There was also more recolonization of shoreline areas and more stranding of insects following dewatering of nearshore regions when there had been sustained high discharge levels prior to the flow reduction. More insect stranding occurred during a faster rate of decrease in discharge (50 000 to 100 000 organisms m−2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00006739
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