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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of magnetic field on cooling by normal-insulator–superconductor junctions (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 326-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cooling by normal-insulator–superconductor junctions in external magnetic field has been studied experimentally. For all orientations of magnetic field the cooling performance correlates with the magnetic field dependent superconducting energy gap Δ(H). In perpendicular orientation of magnetic field with respect to the sample plane, additional degradation of the cooling power originates from scattering of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in the superconductor on magnetic vortices. The effect is hysteretic and its magnitude depends on the shape of the superconducting probes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373661
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coulomb blockade thermometer: Tests and instrumentation (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 4166-4175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Coulomb blockade thermometry (CBT) provides a simple method for absolute thermometry in every day laboratory use at cryogenic temperatures. CBT has been found insensitive to even high magnetic fields. We review the principles and the operation of CBT and the fabrication of the sensors, and present new data on radiation hardness and stability of the sensors. We describe the instrumentation of CBT in detail. We have developed two signal conditioning units for CBT measurements. One is a modified alternating current resistance bridge, a versatile laboratory instrument operating with a PC computer, and the other one is a simple stand-alone instrument for direct temperature reading. Test results on their performance are also presented. Both prototypes have a short-term reproducibility of 0.3% or better in temperature measurement. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149265
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economical device for measuring thickness of a thin polymer film (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2735-2736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An inexpensive device (about $2K) for thickness measurements of thin (〈1 μm) polymer films has been constructed. The homogeneous film is placed on a bulk substrate and three semiconductor lasers of different wavelengths are used to measure the reflectances at normal incidence. The thickness can be deduced with typically 4–8 nm uncertainty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144609
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical investigation of one-dimensional tunnel junction arrays at temperatures above the Coulomb blockade regime (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 256-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Arrays of tunnel junctions provide simple thermometric parameters in the limit where thermal excitations dominate over charging effects. We present numerical simulations for calculating the current versus voltage characteristics of an arbitrary one-dimensional array at arbitrary temperatures on the premise of the "orthodox theory.'' The purpose of the computer simulations is to investigate the suitability of tunnel junction arrays for thermometry at low temperatures when the analytical formulas do not hold and, specifically, to see the effect of background charges in this regime. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362813
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of Cupferrates (1949)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 21 (1949), S. 1325-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60035a006
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal characteristics of silicon nitride membranes at sub-Kelvin temperatures (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1305-1307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed calorimetric measurements on 200 nm thin silicon nitride membranes at temperatures from 0.07 to 1 K. Besides full windows, membranes cut into a thermally isolating suspended bridge geometry were investigated. Based on dc and ac measurements employing normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions both as a thermometer and a heater, we report on heat transport and thermal relaxation in silicon nitride films. The bridge structure improves thermal isolation and, consequently, energy sensitivity by two orders of magnitude over those of the full membrane with the same size, and makes such a structure very attractive for bolometric and microrefrigeration applications. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120979
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient Peltier refrigeration by a pair of normal metal/insulator/superconductor junctions (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1996-1998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We suggest and demonstrate in experiment that two normal metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions combined in series to form a symmetric SINIS structure can operate as an efficient Peltier refrigerator. Specifically, it is shown that the SINIS structure with normal-state junction resistances 1.0 and 1.1 kΩ is capable of reaching a temperature of about 100 mK starting from 300 mK. We estimate the corresponding cooling power to be 1.5 pW per total junction area of 0.8 μm2 at T=300 mK. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115651
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coulomb blockade-based nanothermometry in strong magnetic fields (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5582-5584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have performed experiments to test for the susceptibility to strong magnetic fields of electron tunneling in normal metal -based nanostructures for Coulomb blockade primary thermometry. We have confirmed that, to within our accuracy of about ±1%, the single electron charging -induced zero bias differential resistance maximum is unaffected by the field up to 23 T at temperatures of 0.4–4.2 K. We discuss the simple theoretical basis of this immunity. We also report on the practical limitation at low temperatures imposed by superconductivity of aluminium in small magnetic fields. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367397
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cooled video camera for optical investigations below 1 mK (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1784-1785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An optical imaging system for milliKelvin temperatures has been developed based on a regular B/W surveillance camera (25 frames/s), with its CCD sensor inside the 4-K vacuum can of our nuclear demagnetization cryostat. The heat leak to the nuclear stage, caused by the operation of the video camera, was reduced below 1 nW by careful rf shielding. The construction of the system and its limits of operation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144827
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manufacture, observation, and test of membranes with locatable single pores (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1654-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A method for generating single pores down to 0.1 μm diameter in the center of a large circular foil is described, based on nuclear tracks. The foil is framed by a tension ring which enables one to handle the foils in a well-defined precise way. The single pore has a lateral displacement of ±0.1 mm with respect to the tension ring center. The foils used are polycarbonate of the type Makrofol and have thicknesses between 2 and 10 μm. For calibration of the single pore diameters, multiple nuclear tracks between 0.1 and 3.5 μm diameter are etched and observed by microscopy. The microscopic observations are compared with gas-flow measurements, using two alternative methods: multiple holes are tested under viscous flow conditions of N2 gas at normal temperature and pressure; single holes are tested under collisionless flow conditions of 4He gas at liquid-nitrogen temperature, using a capacitance method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138545
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