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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of two human hair reference materials issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two new human hair reference materials, with different levels of mercury and methylmercury, have been developed and characterized by the International Atomic Energy Agency, for use in validation of measurements for mercury exposure. The set of materials consists of IAEA-086, with a low level of methylmercury, and IAEA-085, with an elevated methylmercury level. An international intercomparison exercise was carried out, and 68 institutes from 40 countries have contributed data. Based on the evaluation of the results from the intercomparison and analyses by expert laboratories, values of 23.2 and 0.57 mg/kg total mercury are recommended for IAEA-085 and IAEA-086, respectively. Values for methylmercury are recommended at 22.9 mg/kg, MeHg as Hg, for IAEA-085, and at 0.26 mg/kg, MeHg as Hg, for IAEA-086. Recommended and information values are also given for other selected trace elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050726
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of reference materials for trace elements, nuclides and organic microcontaminants (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 350-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in co-operation with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), has recently prepared a survey on internationally available analytical reference materials for trace elements, nuclides and organic contaminants in biological, environmental and related matrices. The purpose is to help analysts to select reference materials for quality assurance that match as closely as possible, with respect to matrix type and concentrations of the measurands of interest, the “real” samples that are to be measured. The present version of the survey, which is available in the form of two cost-free printed volumes [1], contains over 10,000 certified and information values in 650 reference materials from 27 different producers. The 455 measurands listed include trace elements, major and minor elements, organic contaminants, organometallic compounds, radionuclides and stable isotopes. Currently, the database from which the survey has been produced is being modified and extended so as to make the data available in electronic form via the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050708
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IAEA analytical quality assurance programmes to meet the present and future needs of developing countries (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract For many years the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been promoting analytical quality assurance and quality control in its Member States with emphasis on measurands that are amenable to analysis by nuclear and related techniques, i.e. radionuclides, trace elements, and stable isotopes. This paper reviews briefly the rationale for some of these activities, particularly in relation to the needs of participants in developing countries arising out of co-ordinated research programmes, technical co-operation projects and global and regional networks. Emphasis is given to biological and environmental reference materials with a matrix of natural origin. Also described are some activities arising out of the requirements of ISO-25 and other relevant international quality standards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050694
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IAEA biological reference materials (1988)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 332 (1988), S. 518-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The Analytical Quality Control Services programme of the IAEA encompasses a wide variety of intercomparisons and reference materials. This paper reviews only those aspects of the subject having to do with biological reference materials. The 1988 programme foresees 13 new intercomparison exercises, one for major, minor and trace elements, five for radionuclides, and seven for stable isotopes. Twenty-two natural matrix biological reference materials are available: twelve for major, minor and trace elements, six for radionuclides, and four for chlorinated hydrocarbons. Seven new intercomparisons and reference materials are in preparation or under active consideration. Guidelines on the correct use of reference materials are being prepared for publication in 1989 in consultation with other major international producers and users of biological reference materials. The IAEA database on available reference materials is being updated and expanded in scope, and a new publication is planned for 1989.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00472634
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additional results for the “G-1” IAEA Intercomparison of Methods for Processing Ge(Li) Gamma-Ray Spectra (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 89 (1985), S. 589-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The G-1 intercomparison is one of the first undertakings of the International Atomic Energy Agency for the investigation of the performance of the routinely used evaluating programs for gamma ray spectra of semiconductor detectors. The details and the conclusions of this procedure are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040621
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of nuclear analytical techniques in human nutrition research as exemplified by research programmes of the international atomic energy agency (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 110 (1987), S. 491-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In human nutrition research, nuclear analytical techniques, particularly neutron activation analysis (NAA), are used mainly for thein vitro study of trace elements. According to work sponsored by the IAEA, up to 15 trace elements and 5 minor elements of nutritional interest may be determined in biological materials by NAA with good accuracy and precision. A programme is described in which NAA was used for the determination of 14 trace elements and one minor element in human milk. NAA also plays an important role in the certification of reference materials for nutritional studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035539
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple destructive neutron activation analysis of mercury and selenium in biological materials using activated charcoal (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 125 (1988), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A simple destructive neutron activation method for the determination of Hg and Se has been developed. The irradiated, sample is heated in a stream of oxygen at 1000°C, in a quartz tube in which two charcoal traps are positioned. The evaporated Hg, Se and contaminants such as Br are collected in the first charcoal trap. Only Hg is removed to the second trap by heating the first one at 750°C in a stream of nitrogen. The charcoal traps are them measured with a Ge(Li) detector. The analytical results obtained by this method for Hg and Se in several biological standard reference materials showed good agreement with the certified values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041763
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear-related analytical techniques: Literature retrieval from the INIS database (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 133 (1989), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of the INIS database for literature retrieval on nuclear-related analytical techniques [e.g. neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE)] has been studied. There exist about 9700 documents on NAA and other forms of activation analysis, about 3500 documents on XRF and about 1200 documents on PIXE in the database collected from 1976 until July 1988. They cover a variety of elements and matrices in the fields of biology, geochemistry and the physical sciences. Some technical notes and comments on the practical use of this database are also included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02060498
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The significance of hair mineral analysis as a means for assessing internal body burdens of environmental pollutants: Results from an IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 167 (1993), S. 413-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract During a five-year period, the International Atomic Energy Agency supported a Coordinated Research Programme (CRP) to investigate the quantitative relationship between internal body burdens of a number of elements of environmental health significance and their respective concentrations in hair. The use of nuclear-related analytical techniques, such as neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence, particle-induced X-ray emission and radiotracers, was emphasized. One aspect of the CRP focused on studies in man, using autopsy cases, of mineral distribution in five tissues, i.e. liver, kidney, lung, brain and bone in addition to hair, and the elements of primary importance were As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se and Zn. Emphasis was placed on analytical quality assurance. Hair and internal tissue samples were obtained from subjects from Bulgaria, China, the former German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Japan, Norway and Sweden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037199
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the role of neutron activation analysis in the certification of a new reference material for trace-element studies, mixed human diet, H-9 (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 123 (1988), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A new biological reference material, which is representative of diets consumed in Finland, has been characterized by means of an intercomparison exercise conducted by the IAEA in the second half of 1985 and in 1986. Results for 35 elements received from 79 participants in 33 countries have been evaluated. A certificate of analysis has been issued with provisional certified values for 22 elements and information values for 2 elements. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) provided approximately one third of all the results reported. Instrumental NAA was used approximately 5 times as frequently as radiochemical NAA. Overall, NAA played an important role in providing useful data for the following 20 elements: Al, As, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, F, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se and Zn. In comparison with the main competing non-nuclear method (usually atomic absorption spectrometry), NAA showed a larger dispersion of results for Cd, Cu, K, and Mg, and a smaller degree of dispersion for Co, Cr, Hg, and Se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036396
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