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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The 1.9–1.8 Ga Bergslagen Supracrustal Series comprises: an Early Volcanic Stage represented by the Lower Leptite Group, an Initial Rift Stage by the Middle Leptite Group, a Rift Stage by the Upper Leptite-hälleflinta and Slate Group, metabasites and the Granite-Granophyre Suite, and a Post-rift Stage by conglomerate beds, remobilized granite-granophyres and the Hyttsjö Gabbro-Tonalite Suite. The formation and subsequent alteration of iron, manganese and sulfide skarn ores in the Supracrustal Series involve: (1) late Initial Rift Stage exhalative-sedimentary processes possibly related to ascending granitic magma, (2) early Rift Stage exhalative-sedimentary and seafloor hydrothermal processes related to basic volcanism and intrusion and subvolcanic granite intrusion, (3) late Rift Stage hydrothermal metasomatic alteration and mineralization around subvolcanic granites, (4) Post-rift Stage deformation and metamorphism, (5) Post-rift Stage post-deformation recrystallization and skarn formation related to Hyttsjö diorites, and (6) post-Supracrustal Series metamorphic modifications.
    Abstract: Résumé La Série supracrustale de Bergslagen datant de 1.9-1.8. Ga se compose d'un étage Volcanique précoce représenté pa le Groupe des leptites inférieur, d'un étage de Rifting Initial représenté par le Groupe des leptites intermédiaire, d'un étage de Rifting représenté par le Groupe des leptites-hälleflintas supérieur, ardoises, métabasites et la suite granite-granophyre, et d'un étage de Post-rifting représenté par des conglomérats, des granite-granophyres remobilisés et la suite gabbro-tonalite de Hyttsjö. La formation et la transformation subséquente des skarns de fer, de manganèse et de sulfure de la Série supracrustale sont attribuées aux processus suivants: (1) Des processus exhalatifs-sédimentaires vraisemblablement en liaison avec la montée du magma granitoide au cours de l'étage de Rifting Initial; (2) Des processus hydrothermaux et exhalatifs-sédimentaires de fond marin au début de l'étage du Rifting en relation avec le volcanisme basique et des intrusions granitoides subvolcaniques; (3) Une transformation métasomatique hydrothermale avec minéralisation à la fin de l'étage du Rifting autour des granites subvolcaniques; (4) La déformation et le métamorphisme au cours de l'étage du Post-rifting; (5) La récristallisation post-déformtionelle et la formation de skarns en relation avec les diorites de Hyttsjö après la déformation principale pendant l'étage du Post-rifting et (6) des modifications métamorphiques postérieures à la formation de la Série supracrustale.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die 1.9–1.8 Ga alte Bergslagen Suprakrustale Serie besteht aus folgenden Stufen: einer Früh-vulkanischen Stufe, vertreten durch die Gesteine der Unteren Leptit Gruppe; einer Initial-Graben Stufe mit der Mittleren Leptit Gruppe; einer Graben Stufe, vertreten durch der Oberen Leptit-Hälleflinta und Schiefer Gruppe, Metabasite und die Granit-Granophyr Reihe; und einer Post-Graben Stufe vertreten durch Konglomerate, remobilisierten Gesteine der Granit-Granophyr Reihe und die Hyttsjö Gabbro-Tonalit Reihe. Die Bildung und anschließende Umsetzung der Eisen-, Mangan- und sulfidischen Skarnerze der Suprakrustalen Serie wurden durch folgende Prozesse hervorgerufen: (1) Exhaltif-sedimentäre Prozesse wahrscheinlich in Zusammenhang mit dem aufsteigenden granitischen Magma während der Initial Graben Stufe, (2) Exhalatif-sedimentäre Prozesse und hydrothermale Prozesse in dem Meeresboden die mit dem basischen Vulkanismus und mit den subvulkanischen Granitintrusionen zusammenhängen im Anfang der Graben Stufe, (3) Hydrothermal-metasomatische Umsetzungen und Vererzungen um die subvulkanischen Granite am Ende der Graben Stufe, (4) Deformationen und Metamorphose während der Post-Graben Stufe, (5) Postdeformation Rekristallisation und Skarnbildung zusammenhängend mit der Intrusion der Hyttsjö Dioriten während der Post-Graben Stufe und (6) Post-Suprakrustale Serie metamorphe Umsetzungen.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A Rb-Sr analysis of suites of samples from a small intrusion of cordierite-bearing alkali granite into the peridotite of the Sierra Bermeja (Serrania de Ronda) yields an age of 22± 4 Ma (λ = 1.42×10−11 a−1): Late Oligocene/Early Miocene. It is believed that the intrusion was derived from contact-anatectic melts produced along the hot ultramafic mass during and/or directly following its tangential, tectonic dislocation from a mantle diapir. Its age can thus be taken as dating the termination of the hot emplacement of the ultramafic masses. K-Ar dates of biotites and Rb-Sr dates of biotite/whole-rock pairs in contact-metamorphic wall rocks along the ultramafics mostly lie between 19.5 and 18.5 Ma. This probably indicates that about 19 Ma ago the contact-zones of the ultramafic masses had cooled down to the blocking temperature of biotite to Rb-Sr and K-Ar.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Pb-Zn-ores of Minas de Cartes, Sierra de Cartagena, Spain, occur in a zon along the lower boundary of a Miocene sequence and along post-Miocene faults. Pebbly mudstone beds in the Miocene are slump sediments, which by their lithological properties form preferred horizons for the spreading of the mineralization. Faulting and flexuring have caused cavernous fault breccias in the relatively competent pebbly mudstones, while dissolution of carbonate pebbles and carbonates in the matrix of these rocks has resulted in solution cavities. The brecciated cavernous pebbly mudstones form channelways for ore solutions and sites of deposition of ore streaks with marcasite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite and quartz. The mineralization is of typical cavity-filling nature and so-called “ore pebbles” are fillings of pebble-shaped voids resulting from selective dissolution of carbonate pebbles. The ores were formed by near-surface subvolcanic-hydrothermal processes in relation with Late Tertiary trachyandesitic volcanism in the region.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Te-Se-führende Gold-Silber Erze von Salida in Sumatra, Indonesien, zeigen karbonatische und sulfidische Diffusionsbänder in Quarzkrusten. Die sulfidischen Diffusionsbänder zeigen eine feine Zonierung mit: 1. einer ältesten, inneren Zone mit Konzentrationen von Zn, Cu, Fe, S (Zinkblende, Kupferkies, Pyrit); 2. einer intermediären Zone mit Konzentrationen von Pb, Au, Ag, S, Te, Se (Bleiglanz und Au-Ag-Telluride in Te-haltigen Paragenesen; Bleiglanz und Akanthit in Te-freien Paragenesen); und 3. einer die erstgenannten Zonen überlagernden Zone von As-haltigen Mineralen (Tennantit, Enargit oder Luzonit, Arsenpolybasit). Die paragenetischen Beziehungen der Telluride deuten auf eine ursprüngliche Kristallisation von Bleiglanz, Altait, Hessit und γ- und X-Phase Mischkristalle bei Temperaturen oberhalb 120 °C; bei der Abkühlung wurde diese Mineralassoziation ersetzt durch eine unterhalb 50 °C stabile Paragenese von Bleiglanz, Altait, Hessit, Hessit-Sylvanit-Verwachsungen und Hessit-Petzit Aggregaten. Selen hat sich in den Sulfiden der intermediären Diffusionszonen angereichert. Mikrosondeanalysen zeigen Se-Gehalte bis 4.0 Gew. % in Akanthit und bis 0.45 Gew. % in Bleiglanz. Arsenpolybasit kann ebenfalls bis 4.0 Gew. % Se enthalten, aber nur wenn er als Verdränger von Se-reichen Akanthiten auftritt. Die Ursache der Anreicherung von Se zusammen mit Pb, Au, Ag, S, Te in den intermediären Diffusionszonen ist in einer Art von Lösungsdifferentiation während des Diffusionsprozesses zu suchen. Mikrosondeanalysen von Au-Ag-Telluriden, Mineralen der Pearceit-Polybasit Gruppe, Mckinstryit, und den Fe-, Mn- und Cd-Gehalten der Zinkblenden werden gegeben.
    Notes: Abstract Te-Se-bearing gold-silver ores from Salida in Sumatra, Indonesia, show carbonate and sulfidic diffusion bands in quartz incrustations. The sulfidic diffusion bands show a fine diffusion zoning with: 1. an earliest or inner zone with concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe, S (sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite); 2. an intermediate zone with concentrations of Pb, Au, Ag, S, Te, Se (galena and Au-Ag-tellurides in Te-bearing parageneses; galena, electrum and acanthite in Te-free parageneses); and 3. a zone of As-bearing minerals (tennantite, enargite or luzonite, arsenpolybasite) superimposed on the first two zones. In the telluride-bearing ores paragenetic relations suggest that galena, altaite, hessite, and γ-phase and “x”-phase solid solutions originally crystallized above about 120 °C; on cooling this assemblage equilibrated into one stable below 50 °C and consisting of galena, altaite, hessite, hessite-sylvanite intergrowths, and hessite-petzite aggregates. Se is concentrated in sulfides of the intermediate diffusion zones; microprobe analyses indicate up to 4.0 weight percent Se in some acanthites and up to 0.45 weight percent Se in some galenas; arsenpolybasite also contains up to 4.0 weight percent Se but only when replacing seleniferous acanthite. The concentration of Se with Pb, Au, Ag, S, Te in intermediate diffusion zones is ascribed to solution differentiation during solute diffusion. Microprobe analyses are given of hessite, sylvanite, petzite, minerals of the pearceite-polybasite group, mckinstryite, and the Fe-, Mn- and Cd-contents in sphalerites.
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  • 5
  • 6
    Publication Date: 1991-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1376
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-5269
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1986-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-0128
    Electronic ISSN: 1554-0774
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1973-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-0128
    Electronic ISSN: 1554-0774
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Description: Mineral and fluid inclusions were studied in seven gem corundums from gravels of three areas in Sri Lanka. All fluid inclusions are pure CO2. Microthermometry results on primary fluid inclusions suggest formation of corundum under granulite facies metamorphism (〉630°C, 5.5 kbar). Secondary fluid inclusions indicate different retrograde events of post-metamorphic cooling and uplift for different source areas.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1973-06-01
    Description: SummaryAn unusual paragenesis of chromite, nickeline, cordierite, and red-brown mica occurs in veins, pods, and schlieren in serpentinized ultramafic rocks at La Gallega and Los Jarales in Máilaga province, Spain. The chromites in this paragenesis are low-ferric, ferrous-rich aluminous chromites with exceptionally high vanadium content ranging between 1·8 and 2·9 wt % V2O3 and high zinc content ranging between 0·5 and 1·0 wt % ZnO. A comparison of chromite composition with available experimental data, together with paragenetical and textural evidence, suggests that the chromite, cordierite, and red-brown mica crystallized at magmatic temperatures between approximately 1300° and 1000°C at low oxygen fugacities and maximum pressures below 10 kb, probably near 5 kb.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
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