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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GeomInt—Discontinuities in Geosystems From Lab to Field Scale (2023)
    Cham :Springer Nature Switzerland :
    Details
    Keywords: Environmental management. ; Geotechnical engineering. ; Refuse and refuse disposal. ; Environmental Management. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Waste Management/Waste Technology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to GeomInt -- 2. Hydro-mechanical effects in Opalinus clay -- 3. Pressure-driven percolation in Salt Rock -- 4. Stress redistribution -- 5. Virtual reality and computation. .
    Abstract: This is an open access book. In view of growing conflicts over strategic georesources, the use of the geological subsurface in the sense of a regional resource is becoming increasingly important. In this context, georeservoirs are playing an important role for the energy transition not only as a source of energy but also as a storage facility and deep geological disposal for energy waste. The success of the energy transition also depends to a large extent on the efficient and safe use of underground resources. This book complements the previous basic book (GeomInt—Integrity of Host Rocks) with a series of application examples in different rock formations, clay, salt, and crystalline. The methodology developed in GeomInt is used, among others, in the Mont Terri underground research laboratory (Opalinus Clay), in the large borehole test in Springen (salt rock) and in the “Reiche Zeche” teaching and research mine (crystalline rock). In addition, new methodological developments are also taken up in experiments and models and embedded in workflows for geotechnical system analyses. The present book summarizes the results of the collaborative project “GeomInt2: Geomechanical integrity of host and barrier rocks - experiment, modeling and analysis of discontinuities” within the program: Geo Research for Sustainability (GEO: N) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 98 p. 68 illus., 62 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031264931
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26493-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26493-1
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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    E-BOOKS (AWI ONLY)
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    GeomInt–Mechanical Integrity of Host Rocks (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Geotechnical engineering. ; Engineering geology. ; Geology. ; Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. ; Geoengineering. ; Geology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to GeomInt -- 2. Experimental Platform -- 3. Numerical Platform -- 4.Model-Experiment-Exercises (MEX) -- 5. Data Management -- 6. Synthesis and Outlook -- 7. Code Descriptions.
    Abstract: This open access book summarizes the results of the collaborative project “GeomInt: Geomechanical integrity of host and barrier rocks - experiment, modeling and analysis of discontinuities” within the Program: Geo Research for Sustainability (GEO: N) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The use of geosystems as a source of resources, a storage space, for installing underground municipal or traffic infrastructure has become much more intensive and diverse in recent years. Increasing utilization of the geological environment requires careful analyses of the rock–fluid systems as well as assessments of the feasibility, efficiency and environmental impacts of the technologies under consideration. The establishment of safe, economic and ecological operation of underground geosystems requires a comprehensive understanding of the physical, (geo)chemical and microbiological processes on all relevant time and length scales. This understanding can only be deepened on the basis of intensive laboratory and in-situ experiments in conjunction with reliable studies on the modeling and simulation (numerical experiments) of the corresponding multi-physical/chemical processes. The present work provides a unique handbook for experimentalists, modelers, analysts and even decision makers concerning the characterization of various types of host rocks (salt, clay, crystalline formations) for various geotechnical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XVI, 277 p. 216 illus., 176 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030619091
    Series Statement: Terrestrial Environmental Sciences,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61909-1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61909-1
    DDC: 624.151
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    GeomInt: geomechanical integrity of host and barrier rocks–experiments, models and analysis of discontinuities (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-14
    Description: The present paper gives an overview of the GeomInt project “Geomechanical integrity of host and barrier rocks—experiment, modelling and analysis of discontinuities” which has been conducted from 2017–2020 within the framework of the “Geo:N Geosciences for Sustainability” program. The research concept of the collaborative project is briefly introduced followed by a summary of the most important outcomes. The research concept puts geological discontinuities into the centre of investigations—as these belong to the most interesting and critical elements for any subsurface utilisation. Thus, while research questions are specific, they bear relevance to a wide range of applications. The specific research is thus integrated into a generic concept in order to make the results more generally applicable and transferable. The generic part includes a variety of conceptual approaches and their numerical realisations for describing the evolution of discontinuities in the most important types of barrier rocks. An explicit validation concept for the generic framework was developed and realised by specific “model-experiment-exercises” (MEX) which combined experiments and models in a systematic way from the very beginning. 16 MEX have been developed which cover a wide range of fundamental fracturing mechanisms, i.e. swelling/shrinkage, fluid percolation, and stress redistribution processes. The progress in model development is also demonstrated by field-scale applications, e.g. in the analysis and design of experiments in underground research laboratories in Opalinus Clay (URL Mont Terri, Switzerland) and salt rock (research mine Springen, Germany).
    Description: BMBF
    Description: Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ (4215)
    Keywords: ddc:550.724 ; GeomInt ; Fracture flow ; Fracture mechanics ; Barrier integrity ; Discontinuities ; Open source ; OpenGeoSys
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 4
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    Brain Bisection and the Unity of Consciousness (1971)
    Dordrecht : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Synthese. 22:3/4 (1971:mei) 396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0039-7857
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:7609-1971-022-03-000007
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain bisection and the unity of consciousness (1971)
    Springer
    Synthese 〈Dordrecht〉 22 (1971), S. 396-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0964
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Philosophy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413435
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
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    Evidence of elevation-specific growth changes of spruce, fir, and beech in European mixed mountain forests during the last three centuries (2020)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-01
    Description: In Europe, mixed mountain forests, primarily comprised of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), cover about 10 × 106 ha at elevations between ∼600 and 1600 m a.s.l. These forests provide invaluable ecosystem services. However, the growth of these forests and the competition among their main species are expected to be strongly affected by climate warming. In this study, we analyzed the growth development of spruce, fir, and beech in moist mixed mountain forests in Europe over the last 300 years. Based on tree-ring analyses on long-term observational plots, we found for all three species (i) a nondecelerating, linear diameter growth trend spanning more than 300 years; (ii) increased growth levels and trends, the latter being particularly pronounced for fir and beech; and (iii) an elevation-dependent change of fir and beech growth. Whereas in the past, the growth was highest at lower elevations, today’s growth is superior at higher elevations. This spatiotemporal pattern indicates significant changes in the growth and interspecific competition at the expense of spruce in mixed mountain forests. We discuss possible causes, consequences, and silvicultural implications of these distinct growth changes in mixed mountain forests.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    Short-term survival and crown rebuilding of European broadleaf tree species following a severe ice storm (2020)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-01
    Description: Ice storms cause widespread damage to forests in many temperate regions, leaving behind many live trees with severe crown damage. Following a severe ice storm in 2014 that damaged forests across Slovenia, we examined how tree-level attributes influenced survival and crown rebuilding three growing seasons after the storm. Field sampling was carried out in four mature stands dominated by native broadleaf species. Of the 763 sampled trees, the annual mortality rate following the storm was 2.2%, and nearly all trees that died experienced 〉75% crown removal. Oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) had higher rates of mortality than beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). Mixed models revealed that survival significantly increased with tree diameter and decreased with increasing crown damage. Although we observed sprouting across all the dominant species, maple, oak, and chestnut showed a more vigorous response than beech, and maple had the fastest sprout growth. Model results showed that sprout density and length increased with level of crown damage. The results indicate that these broadleaf forests are resilient to severe ice damage. Consequently, hasty salvage cutting of trees with canopy damage should be avoided, as many individuals with 〉75% crown damage are likely to survive and recover.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Gap disturbance regime in an old-growth Fagus–Abies forest in the Dinaric Mountains, Bosnia-Herzegovina (2008)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: Due to the scarcity of old-growth forests in much of Europe, there is little quantitative information on disturbance processes that influence forest dynamics. However, this information is crucial for forest management that tries to emulate patterns and processes in natural forests. We quantified the gap disturbance regime in an old-growth forest dominated by European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir ( Abies alba Miller) in the Dinaric Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We sampled 87 gaps in four stands using line-intercept sampling. The percentages of forest area in canopy gaps and expanded gaps ranged from 12% to 17.2% and 35.5% to 39.7%, respectively. Although many of the gaps were small (1000 m2 with numerous gapmakers made up a disproportionate amount of the total gap area. More than half the gaps had more than one gapmaker and were often in separate decay classes, indicating gaps had expanded over time during separate disturbance events. Furthermore, 51% of all gapmakers were uprooted or wind-snapped, whereas only 22% died standing. These results suggest that wind disturbance plays an important role in creating intermediate to large canopy openings through both gap formation and gap expansion processes.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Simultaneous influence of canopy decline and deer herbivory on regeneration in a conifer–broadleaf forest (2015)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-01
    Description: Understanding how forests respond to multiple disturbances is becoming increasingly important under global change. We examined the simultaneous influence of canopy decline and deer browsing on regeneration in an old-growth reserve and surrounding managed forest dominated by Fagus sylvatica L. and Abies alba Mill. in Slovenia. We quantified both disturbance processes by measuring characteristics of canopy gaps and reconstructing historical deer densities. Forest response was assessed with repeated measurements of tree regeneration and regeneration patterns within deer exclosures. Most gaps were formed by mortality of A. alba (71%), and gapmaker characteristics suggest that gaps formed slowly and often expanded, resulting in a mosaic of openings covering 17% of the old-growth reserve. Fagus sylvatica dominated the regeneration layer throughout the reserve and recruited to taller height classes over the past 26 years. The recruitment failure of preferred browse species (A. alba and Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in the reserve and the successful recruitment of these species within exclosures indicate that selective browsing by deer has altered the successional response to A. alba decline, facilitating the dominance of F. sylvatica. Given that global change may increase forest decline worldwide and the ubiquitous nature of deer browsing in many temperate forests, understanding their combined effects on forests will become increasingly important.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Intermediate wind disturbance in an old-growth beech-fir forest in southeastern Slovenia (2006)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-01
    Description: We studied the immediate effects of two successive storms in 1983 and 2004 in an old-growth Fagus sylvatica L. Abies alba Mill. forest in the Dinaric Alps, southeastern Slovenia. In the 1983 and 2004 storms the density and basal area of wind-killed trees were 27.4·ha1 and 5.98 m2·ha1 and 11.2·ha1and 4.02 m2·ha1, respectively. In both storm events, mid-sized to large stems were more prone to wind mortality than small stems, and A. alba was more susceptible than F. sylvatica. In the 2004 storm, 70% of wind-killed trees were uprooted and 30% were snapped. Tree size (diameter at breast height) was more important than species in determining damage type, smaller stems being more prone to uprooting and larger stems to snapping. The combined mortality due to the two storms was similar to a decade of baseline mortality, and wind-killed trees were larger than trees that died from background mortality processes. In both storms, wind-killed trees had a clumped spatial distribution, which resulted in the formation of many multiple-tree-fall gaps up to 1500 m2 in size. We suggest that intermediate wind disturbance occurs at time intervals similar to or less than the life expectancy of most canopy tree species in central Europe, and may play a more important role in forest dynamics than previously thought.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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