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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 214 (1994), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Positive und negative Photostrukturen wurden in einem Polyimid (PI) aus 4,4′-Biphthalsäureanhydrid (BPA) und 4,4′-Diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethan (DADMDPM), PI(BPA/DADMDPM) erzeugt, nachdem dieses mit Michlers Keton (MK) bzw. Benzophenon (BP) dotiert und einer ultravioletten Strahlung von 400 ± 50 nm ausgesetzt und naß entwickelt wurde. Das Prinzip der positiven Abbildung basiert auf dem Photokupplungseffekt von MK mit PI, der die Löslichkeit des Polyimids erhöht und so die Entwicklung eines Positivmusters ermöglicht. Die Erzeugung negativer Muster wird durch intermakromolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen der Carbonylgruppe des Imid-Rings und der Hydroxygruppe, die bei der photoinduzierten Kupplung von Benzophenon mit dem Polyimid gebildet wird, bewirkt. Die lithographische Auswertung zeigt, daß der mit MK dotierte, positive Polyimidfilm nicht in der Lage ist, brauchbare Muster zu erzeugen, da die UV-Wellenlängen von MK absorbiert werden, wodurch die Photokupplung in den tieferen Schichten des Films verhindert wird. Andererseits können in dem 0,6 μm dicken, mit Benzophenon dotierten Polyimidfilm sogar 2 μm schmale Linien aufgelöst werden.
    Notes: Positive and negative photostructures are formed after the polyimide (PI) of 4,4′-biphthalic anhydride (BPA) and 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane (DADMDPM), PI(BPA/DADMDPM) is doped with Michler′s ketone (MK) and benzophenone (BP), respectively, and is subjected to UV light (400 ± 50 nm) irradiation and solvent development. The principle of positive feature formation is based on the photocoupling of MK with PI, which increases PI solubility and thus enables a positive pattern to be developed. The phenomenon of negative photopatterning results from intermacromolecular H-bonding between the carbonyl group of the imide ring and the hydroxy group which is formed in the photoinduced coupling reaction between BP and PI. Lithographic evaluation shows that the MK-doped positive-acting PI film cannot form useful patterns because UV wavelengths are strongly absorbed by MK, which limits the depth of photocoupling in the film. On the other hand, 2-μm-wide lines can be resolved in the BP-doped negative-acting 0.6-μm-thick PI film.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 1195-1201 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: benzophenone-containing methylthiomethyl-substituted polyimides ; solubility ; photosensitivity ; thermal stability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of novel polyimides are synthesized by the reaction of 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonete-tracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with four methylthiomethyl-substituted aromatic diamines: 3-methylthiomethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (I), 3,3′-dimethylthiomethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (II), 3,3′,5-trimethylthiomethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (III), and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylthiomethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (IV) in refluxing m-cresol. The polyimide of diamine I and BTDA carrying only one pendant methylthiomethyl group in a repeating unit is readily soluble in m-cresol, chloroform, and polar aprotic solvents. Increasing the number of the pendant group results in higher solubility. These fully imidized polyimides are also intrinsically photosensitive. The fraction of photoreactive benzophenone sites that relates to the rate and degree of completion of photocrosslinking reaction increases systematically with the increase of the pendant group content. As the average number of the pendant group in a repeating unit reaches 3, 63% of benzophenone sites are found to be photoreactive. These methylthiomethyl-substituted polyimides possess moderate tensile strength which falls in the range of 67-81 MPa. As a result of the increase of methylthiomethyl content, this type of polyimide reveals higher glass transition temperature but lower thermal stability due to the considerable dimension of the pendant group and the ready cleavage nature of the C—S bond. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 2191-2195 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four kinds of benzophenone-containing polyimides, each of which carries different amount or distribution of methylthiomethyl (MTM) pendant groups, are applied as negative photoresists. Lithographic evaluation of these polyimides shows that PI-42, the polyimide possessing the most, i.e., three MTM groups in a repeating unit on average, exhibits the highest sensitivity (Dg0.5 = 129 mJ/cm2), the highest contrast value (γ = 4.3), and the highest resolution capability (1.2-μm lines and spaces can be resolved in a 1.0 μm thick film). In the air, the photopatterned lines obtained from all these polyimides are thermally stable up to 280°C. Upon treating at 400°C for 30 min, a 8% reduction in the linewidth is observed for the 3.8-μm line of PI-42. The optimum developing conditions of each of these title polymers are determined. Contrast curve analysis indicates that this resist system exhibits higher sensitivity at near UV region than at deep UV region. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1993-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-3057
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-1945
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1992-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-4039
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3581
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-4039
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3581
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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