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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpretation of SKS-waves using samples from the subcontinental lithosphere
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 78 (1993), S. 257-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9201(93)90160-B
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 78 (1993), S. vii-xi 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9201(93)90152-Y
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative evaluation of the contribution of crustal rocks to the shear-wave splitting of teleseismic SKS waves
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 78 (1993), S. 281-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9201(93)90161-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relationship between Olivine Textures and Seismic Anisotropy in a Database of Upper Mantle Rocks (1998)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 273-275 (Feb. 1998), p. 681-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/03/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.273-275.681.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of water on stress relaxation of faulted and unfaulted sandstone (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 634-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Strength of rocks ; Crack growth with water ; Rock mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of stress relaxation experiments have been carried out on faulted and intact Tennessee sandstone to explore the influence of pore water on strength at different strain rates. Temperatures employed were 20, 300 and 400°C, effective confining pressure was 1.5 kb and strain rates as low as 10−10 sec−1 were achieved. Most samples were prefaulted at 2.5 kb confining pressure and room temperature. This is thought to have secured a reproducible initial microstructure. The strength of the dry rock was almost totally insensitive to strain rate in the range 10−4 to 10−10 sec−1. In contrast, the strength of the wet rock decreased rapidly with strain rate at rates less than 10−6 sec−1. Brittle fracture of the quartz grains which constitute this rock is the most characteristic mode of failure under the test conditions used. The experimental data are discussed in terms of the possible deformation rate controlling processes, and it is suggested that in the wet experiments at intermediate to high strain rates (10−7 to 10−4 sec−1) the observed deformation rate is controlled by the kinetics of water assisted stress corrosion, whilst deformation at low strain rates (ca. 10−9 sec−1) is controlled by a pressure solution process. The results have implications for the rheology of fault rocks at depths of perhaps 10 to 15 km in sialic crust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876530
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for the fabrication of fully dense Ca-rich plagioclase (An70-An100) samples suitable for studying the plastic rheology of bytownite (An80) (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 5733-5742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Two different types of solid samples of bytownite (Ca0.7Na0.3Al2Si2O8 to Ca0.9Na0.1Al2Si2O8) composition were fabricated from synthetic crystal and glass powders. The crystal and the glass powders were produced by crystallisation or melting of a gel of bytownite composition. Cold pressing under vacuum followed by hot isostatic pressing (hip) of the powders produced fully dense samples composed either of 100% bytownite crystals or of 90% bytownite crystals and 10% bytownite glass. The cold-pressed samples were composed of a matrix of nanometer sized bytownite needles and larger crystals of up to 3 μm in size. During hot pressing the grain sizes in the matrix increased slightly while larger crystals increased to close to 4 μm. The rheological behaviour of the hot isostaticly pressed samples for cases of tri axial compression and torsion was tested in a gas confining deformation apparatus at high temperature and confining pressure. Grain growth was observed during the deformation experiments. The maximum flow stress was typically less than 200 MPa and was attained by sample strain of 10% during axial compression and a shear strain of 1.0 during torsion. The resulting microstructures were dominated by fibrous grains for the compressive deformation and by more round-shaped grain boundaries during torsion. Both type of experiments induced a preferred shape and crystallographic orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004797932216
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  • 7
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    Constraints on the seismic properties of the middle and lower continental crust (2011)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 360: 7-32.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-17
    Description: For the past two decades geodetic measurements have quantified surface displacement fields for the continents, illustrating a general complexity. However, the linkage of geodetically defined displacements in the continents to mantle flow and plate tectonics demands understanding of ductile deformations in the middle and lower continental crust. Advances in seismic anisotropy studies are beginning to allow such work, especially in the Himalaya and Tibet, using passive seismological experiments (e.g. teleseismic receiver functions and records from local earthquakes). Although there is general agreement that measured seismic anisotropy in the middle and lower crust reflects bulk mineral alignment (i.e. crystallographic preferred orientation, CPO), there is a need to calibrate the seismic response to deformation structures and their kinematics. Here, we take on this challenge by deducing the seismic properties of typical mid- and lower-crustal rocks that have experienced ductile deformation through quantitative measures of CPO in samples from appropriate outcrops. The effective database of CPO and hence seismic properties can be expanded by a modelling approach that utilizes ‘rock recipes’ derived from the as-measured individual mineral CPOs combined in varying modal proportions. In addition, different deformation fabrics may be diagnostic of specific deformation kinematics that can serve to constrain interpretations of seismic anisotropy data from the continental crust. Thus, the use of ‘fabric recipes’ based on subsets of individual rock fabric CPO allows the effect of different fabrics (e.g. foliations) to be investigated and interpreted from their seismic response. A key issue is the possible discrimination between continental crustal deformation models with strongly localized simple-shear (ductile fault) fabrics from more distributed (‘pure-shear’) crustal flow. The results of our combined rock and fabric-recipe modelling suggest that the seismic properties of the middle and lower crust depend on deformation state and orientation as well as composition, while reliable interpretation of seismic survey data should incorporate as many seismic properties as possible.
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  • 8
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    From crystal to crustal: petrofabric-derived seismic modelling of regional tectonics (2011)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 360: 49-78.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-17
    Description: The Nanga Parbat Massif (NPM), Pakistan Himalaya, is an exhumed tract of Indian continental crust and represents an area of active crustal thickening and exhumation. While the most effective way to study the NPM at depth is through seismic imaging, interpretation depends upon knowledge of the seismic properties of the rocks. Gneissic, ‘mylonitic’ and cataclastic rocks emplaced at the surface were sampled as proxies for lithologies and fabrics currently accommodating deformation at depth. Mineral crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) were measured via scanning electron microscope (SEM)/electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), from which three-dimensional (3D) elastic constants, seismic velocities and anisotropies were predicted. Micas make the main contribution to sample anisotropy. Background gneisses have highest anisotropy (up to 10.4% shear-wave splitting, AVs) compared with samples exhibiting localized deformations (e.g. ‘mylonite’, 4.7% AVs; cataclasite, 1% AVs). Thus, mylonitic shear zones may be characterized by regions of low anisotropy compared to their wall rocks. CPO-derived sample elastic constants were used to construct seismic models of NPM tectonics, through which P-, S- and converted waves were ray-traced. Foliation orientation has dramatic effects on these waves. The seismic models suggest dominantly pure-shear tectonics for the NPM involving horizontal compression and vertical stretching, modified by localized ductile and brittle (‘simple’) shear deformations.
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  • 9
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    Moine Thrust zone mylonites at the Stack of Glencoul: I - microstructures, strain and influence of recrystallization on quartz crystal fabric development (2010)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 335: 543-577.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-06-21
    Description: Since the early descriptions published by Callaway in 1884, the gently dipping mylonites exposed along the Moine Thrust at the Stack of Glencoul have drawn generations of geologists to the northern part of the Assynt district. These mylonites, derived from Cambrian quartzites (footwall) and Moine pelites and psammites (hanging wall), have figured prominently in: a) early research into the influence of crystal plastic deformation and recrystallization on microstructural and crystal fabric evolution; b) debates on the kinematic interpretation of macro- and micro-structures and crystal fabrics; and c) debates on the tectonic significance of such kinematic data. In this paper first we briefly review the historical aspects of this research and then, using both previously published and unpublished data, document the finite strain and quartz fabric development at this classic mylonite locality. A tectonic interpretation of these data, together with quantitative estimates of flow vorticities associated with mylonite formation at the Stack of Glencoul, are presented in a companion paper by Law (2010).
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  • 10
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    Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2016 to Patrick Cordier (2016)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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