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  • 1
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    Floating Gold Grains and Nanophase Particles Produced from the Biogeochemical Weathering of a Gold-Bearing Ore (2016)
    Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-18
    Description: A gold-bearing ore from the San Salvador vein, Capillitas mine, Argentina, was exposed to an enriched, iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacterial consortium for two months in an experimental system that represented an oxidized, acid-leached weathering environment. Within this laboratory model, the dissolution of metal sulfide minerals by the bacterial consortium liberated gold grains that floated on water. Surficial crevices on grains contained detrital material associated with μ m-scale, gold-rich bacteriomorphic structures interpreted to be relics of gold dissolution. The presence of nanophase gold particles, i.e., colloids and octahedral platelets, was attributed to gold reprecipitation. These secondary gold structures suggest that gold dissolution/reprecipitation, i.e., cycling, was occurring concurrently with the bacterially catalyzed dissolution of metal sulfides. The flake-like morphology and small size of gold grains, i.e., high surface area to volume ratio increased by μ m-scale surface dissolution textures, would have enhanced their propensity to float. The liberation of buoyant gold grains and secondary gold particles could contribute to rapid gold mobility and dispersion in natural environments.
    Print ISSN: 0361-0128
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
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  • 2
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    Star formation and AGN activity in the most luminous LINERs in the local universe (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-26
    Description: This work presents the properties of 42 objects in the group of the most luminous, highest star formation rate (SFR) low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs) at z  = 0.04–0.11. We obtained long-slit spectroscopy of the nuclear regions for all sources, and FIR data ( Herschel and IRAS ) for 13 of them. We measured emission-line intensities, extinction, stellar populations, stellar masses, ages, active galactic nuclei (AGN) luminosities, and SFRs. We find considerable differences from other low-redshift LINERs, in terms of extinction, and general similarity to star-forming galaxies. We confirm the existence of such luminous LINERs in the local universe, after being previously detected at z  ~ 0.3 by Tommasin et al. The median stellar mass of these LINERs corresponds to 6–7  x  10 10  M which was found in previous work to correspond to the peak of relative growth rate of stellar populations and therefore for the highest SFRs. Other LINERs although showing similar AGN luminosities have lower SFR. We find that most of these sources have LAGN ~ LSF suggesting co-evolution of black hole and stellar mass. In general, the fraction of local LINERs on the main sequence of star-forming galaxies is related to their AGN luminosity.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    A genome-wide association study identifies a novel locus at 6q22.1 associated with ulcerative colitis (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-27
    Description: The genetic analysis of ulcerative colitis (UC) has provided new insights into the etiology of this prevalent inflammatory bowel disease. However, most of the heritability of UC (〉70%) has still not been characterized. To identify new risk loci for UC we have performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a Southern European population and undertaken a meta-analysis study combining the newly genotyped 825 UC patients and 1525 healthy controls from Spain with the six previously published GWAS comprising 6687 cases and 19 718 controls from Northern-European ancestry. We identified a novel locus with genome-wide significance at 6q22.1 [rs2858829, P = 8.97 x 10 –9 , odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.12 (1.08–1.16)] that was validated with genotype data from a replication cohort of the same Southern European ancestry consisting in 1073 cases and 1279 controls [combined P = 7.59 x 10 –10 , OR (95% CI) = 1.12 (1.08–1.16)]. Furthermore, we confirmed the association of 33 reported associations with UC and we nominally validated the GWAS results of nine new risk loci ( P 〈 0.05, same direction of effect). SNP rs2858829 lies in an intergenic region and is a strong cis -eQTL for FAM26F gene, a gene that is shown to be selectively upregulated in UC colonic mucosa with active inflammation. Our results provide new insight into the genetic risk background of UC, confirming that there is a genetic risk component that differentiates from Crohn's Disease, the other major form of inflammatory bowel disease.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Micro/nano encapsulation via electrified coaxial liquid jets (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-02
    Description: We report a method to generate steady coaxial jets of immiscible liquids with diameters in the range of micrometer/nanometer size. This compound jet is generated by the action of electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) forces with a diameter that ranges from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers. The eventual jet breakup results in an aerosol of monodisperse compound droplets with the outer liquid surrounding or encapsulating the inner one. Following this approach, we have produced monodisperse capsules with diameters varying between 10 and 0.15 micrometers, depending on the running parameters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loscertales, I G -- Barrero, A -- Guerrero, I -- Cortijo, R -- Marquez, M -- Ganan-Calvo, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1695-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Malaga, Plaza El Ejido, S/N Malaga 29013, Spain. loscertales@uma.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aerosols ; Capsules ; Chemistry, Physical ; Drug Compounding/*methods ; Electric Conductivity ; Electricity ; Emulsions ; *Nanotechnology ; Olive Oil ; Particle Size ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Plant Oils ; Polymers ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Colloidosomes: selectively permeable capsules composed of colloidal particles (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-02
    Description: We present an approach to fabricate solid capsules with precise control of size, permeability, mechanical strength, and compatibility. The capsules are fabricated by the self-assembly of colloidal particles onto the interface of emulsion droplets. After the particles are locked together to form elastic shells, the emulsion droplets are transferred to a fresh continuous-phase fluid that is the same as that inside the droplets. The resultant structures, which we call "colloidosomes," are hollow, elastic shells whose permeability and elasticity can be precisely controlled. The generality and robustness of these structures and their potential for cellular immunoisolation are demonstrated by the use of a variety of solvents, particles, and contents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dinsmore, A D -- Hsu, Ming F -- Nikolaides, M G -- Marquez, Manuel -- Bausch, A R -- Weitz, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 1;298(5595):1006-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and DEAS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dinsmore@physics.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12411700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; *Capsules ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemistry, Physical ; *Colloids ; Diffusion ; Elasticity ; Emulsions ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Permeability ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polylysine ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Surface Properties ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Extreme thermodynamics with polymer gel tori: Harnessing thermodynamic instabilities to induce large-scale deformations (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-02
    Description: Author(s): Ya-Wen Chang, Michael S. Dimitriyev, Anton Souslov, Svetoslav V. Nikolov, Samantha M. Marquez, Alexander Alexeev, Paul M. Goldbart, and Alberto Fernández-Nieves When a swollen, thermoresponsive polymer gel is heated in a solvent bath, it expels solvent and deswells. When this heating is slow, deswelling proceeds homogeneously, as observed in a toroid-shaped gel that changes volume while maintaining its toroidal shape. By contrast, if the gel is heated quick... [Phys. Rev. E 98, 020501(R)] Published Wed Aug 01, 2018
    Keywords: Polymers
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Fragmentation and constitutive response of tailored mesostructured aluminum compacts (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-14
    Description: The fragmentation and constitutive response of aluminum-based compacts were examined under dynamic conditions using mesostructured powder compacts in which the interfaces between the powders (sizes of 40, 100, and 400  μ m) were tailored during the swaging fabrication process. Fragmentation was induced in ring samples of this material through explosive loading and was examined through high speed photography, laser interferometry, and soft capture of fragments. Fragment velocities of around 100 m/s were recorded. The fragment mass distributions obtained correlated in general with the interfacial strength of the compacts as well as with the powder size. Experimental results are compared with fragmentation theories to characterize the behavior of reactive powders based on the material's mesostructure by introducing the fracture toughness of the compacts. The mean fragment size is calculated using a modified form of Mott's theory and successfully compared with experimental results.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    A virus in a fungus in a plant: three-way symbiosis required for thermal tolerance (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: A mutualistic association between a fungal endophyte and a tropical panic grass allows both organisms to grow at high soil temperatures. We characterized a virus from this fungus that is involved in the mutualistic interaction. Fungal isolates cured of the virus are unable to confer heat tolerance, but heat tolerance is restored after the virus is reintroduced. The virus-infected fungus confers heat tolerance not only to its native monocot host but also to a eudicot host, which suggests that the underlying mechanism involves pathways conserved between these two groups of plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marquez, Luis M -- Redman, Regina S -- Rodriguez, Russell J -- Roossinck, Marilyn J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):513-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Post Office Box 2180, Ardmore, OK 73402, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ascomycota/growth & development/*physiology/*virology ; Base Sequence ; Hot Temperature ; Lycopersicon esculentum/microbiology/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development/*microbiology/*physiology ; RNA Viruses/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Adsorption of Prototypical Asphaltenes on Silica: First-Principles DFT Simulations Including Dispersion Corrections (2017)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-18
    Description: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05188
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5207
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 10
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    Promiscuous behaviour of archaeal ribosomal proteins: Implications for eukaryotic ribosome evolution (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-20
    Description: In all living cells, protein synthesis occurs on ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. Molecular models have been reported for complete bacterial 70S and eukaryotic 80S ribosomes; however, only molecular models of large 50S subunits have been reported for archaea. Here, we present a complete molecular model for the Pyrococcus furiosus 70S ribosome based on a 6.6 Å cryo-electron microscopy map. Moreover, we have determined cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of the Euryarchaeota Methanococcus igneus and Thermococcus kodakaraensis 70S ribosomes and Crenarchaeota Staphylothermus marinus 50S subunit. Examination of these structures reveals a surprising promiscuous behavior of archaeal ribosomal proteins: We observe intersubunit promiscuity of S24e and L8e (L7ae), the latter binding to the head of the small subunit, analogous to S12e in eukaryotes. Moreover, L8e and L14e exhibit intrasubunit promiscuity, being present in two copies per archaeal 50S subunit, with the additional binding site of L14e analogous to the related eukaryotic r-protein L27e. Collectively, these findings suggest insights into the evolution of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins through increased copy number and binding site promiscuity.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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