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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rheological Properties and Microstructure of Acid Milk Gels as Affected by Fat Content and Heat Treatment (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Gels were made from recombined milks containing 0, 1.5 or 3.5% fat that were heated at 75, 80 or 90°C for 30 min, followed by acidification with glucono-8-lactone at 30°C. The rheological and microstructural properties of acid gels were investigated using dynamic low-amplitude oscillatory rheology and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Heating milks, at temperatures ≥80°C, increased the storage moduli (G′) and decreased the gelation time. Recombined milks containing high fat (3.5%) had higher G′ than gels made from low-fat or skim milk. Milk heat treatment resulted in gels with a cross-linked microstructure. Recombined fat globules appeared to be embedded in the protein matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15807.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New D-σ Results for Coma Ellipticals (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 647 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb32236.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The tolerance of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., to aquatic herbicides (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Because grass carp may feed selectively on water plants, additional conventional methods may be necessary for effective control of aquatic vegetation. For economic reasons aquatic herbicides are most likely to be used in conjunction with grass carp within an integrated aquatic weed control programme. The acutely lethal toxicities of ten herbicides to grass carp were measured. A preliminary evaluation of the risk to these fish showed that, when used at the recommended rate, the maximum herbicide concentration likely to be found in water should cause little harm to the fish, although attention should be given to the possible inhibition of feeding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb03736.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Centaurus I cluster of galaxies : An extreme case of contamination? (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 285 (1980), S. 305-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] The Centaurus I cluster of galaxies has been studied frequently in recent years. Sandage3 found, from 14 redshifts, (n=14), a heliocentric mean cluster velocity ({ })of 3,360km s-1 and a line-of-sight velocity dispersion (sv) of 673 km s-1. Dawe et al4, from n = 61, found { } = 3,510 km s-1 with sv ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/285305a0
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  • 5
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    The SINFONI Nearby Elliptical Lens Locator Survey: discovery of two new low-redshift strong lenses and implications for the initial mass function in giant early-type galaxies (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-10
    Beschreibung: We present results from a blind survey to identify strong gravitational lenses among the population of low-redshift early-type galaxies. The SINFONI Nearby Elliptical Lens Locator Survey (SNELLS) uses integral-field infrared spectroscopy to search for lensed emission line sources behind massive lens candidates at z  〈 0.055. From 27 galaxies observed, we have recovered one previously known lens (ESO 325–G004) at z  = 0.034, and discovered two new systems, at z  = 0.031 and 0.052. All three lens galaxies have high velocity dispersions ( 〉 300 km s – 1 ) and α-element abundances ([Mg/Fe] 〉 0.3). From the lensing configurations we derive total J -band mass-to-light ratios of 1.8 ± 0.1, 2.1 ± 0.1 and 1.9 ± 0.2 within the ~2 kpc Einstein radius. Correcting for estimated dark matter contributions, and comparing to stellar population models with a Milky Way (Kroupa) initial mass function (IMF), we determine the ‘mass excess factor’, α. Assuming the lens galaxies have ‘old’ stellar populations (10 ± 1 Gyr), the average IMF mass factor is 〈α〉 = 1.10 ± 0.08 ± 0.10, where the first error is random and the second is systematic. If we instead fit the stellar populations from 6dF optical survey spectra, all three galaxies are consistent with being old, but the age errors are 3–4 Gyr, due to limited signal-to-noise ratio. The IMF constraints are therefore looser in this case, with 〈α〉 =  $1.23^{+0.16}_{-0.13}\pm {0.10}$ . Our results are thus consistent with a Kroupa IMF (α = 1.00) on average, and strongly reject very heavy IMFs with α  2. A Salpeter IMF (α = 1.55) is inconsistent at the 3.5 level if the galaxies are old, but cannot be excluded using age constraints derived from the currently available optical spectra.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Digitale ISSN: 1365-2966
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Cell-cell signaling in Xanthomonas campestris involves an HD-GYP domain protein that functions in cyclic di-GMP turnover (2006)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-12
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Digitale ISSN: 1091-6490
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Beyond Sersic + exponential disc morphologies in the Coma Cluster (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-09-27
    Beschreibung: Galaxies are not limited to simple spheroid or bulge + disc morphologies. We explore the diversity of internal galaxy structures in the Coma Cluster across a wide range of luminosities (–17 〉  M g  〉 –22) and cluster-centric radii (0 〈  r cluster  〈 1.3 r 200 ) through analysis of deep Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope i -band imaging. We present 2D multicomponent decomposition via galfit , encompassing a wide range of candidate model morphologies with up to three photometric components. Particular focus is placed on early-type galaxies with outer discs (i.e. S0s), and deviations from simple (‘unbroken’) exponential discs. Rigorous filtering ensures that each model component provides a statistically significant improvement to the goodness-of-fit. The majority of Coma Cluster members in our sample (478 of 631) are reliably fitted by symmetric structural models. Of these, 134 (28 per cent) are single Sérsic objects, 143 (30 per cent) are well-described by 2-component structures, while 201 (42 per cent) require more complex models. Multicomponent Sérsic galaxies resemble compact pseudo-bulges ( n ~ 2, R e ~ 4 kpc) surrounded by extended Gaussian-like outer structures ( R e  〉 10 kpc). 11 per cent of galaxies ( N  = 52) feature a break in their outer profiles, indicating ‘truncated’ or ‘antitruncated’ discs. Beyond the break radius, truncated galaxies are structurally consistent with exponential discs, disfavouring physical truncation as their formation mechanism. Bulge luminosity in antitruncated galaxies correlates strongly with galaxy luminosity, indicating a bulge-enhancing origin for these systems. Both types of broken disc are found overwhelmingly (〉70 per cent) in ‘barred’ galaxies, despite a low measured bar fraction for Coma (20 ± 2 per cent). Thus, galaxy bars play an important role in formation of broken disc structures. No strong variation in galaxy structure is detected with projected cluster-centric radius.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Digitale ISSN: 1365-2966
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    The IMF-sensitive 1.14-{mu}m Na I doublet in early-type galaxies (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-10-02
    Beschreibung: We present J -band spectroscopy of passive galaxies focusing on the Na  i doublet at 1.14 μm. Like the Na  i 0.82 μm doublet, this feature is strong in low-mass stars and hence may provide a useful probe of the initial mass function (IMF). From high signal-to-noise composite spectra, we find that Na  i 1.14 μm increases steeply with increasing velocity dispersion, , and for the most massive galaxies (  300 km s –1 ) is much stronger than predicted from synthetic spectra with Milky Way-like IMFs and solar abundances. Reproducing Na  i 1.14 μm at high likely requires either a very high [Na/H], or a bottom-heavy IMF, or a combination of both. Using the Na D line to break the degeneracy between IMF and abundance, we infer [Na/H]  +0.5 and a steep IMF (single-slope-equivalent x   3.2, where x  = 2.35 for Salpeter), for the high- galaxies. At lower mass ( = 50–100 km s –1 ), the line strengths are compatible with Milky Way (MW)-like IMFs and near-solar [Na/H]. We highlight two galaxies in our sample where strong gravitational lensing masses favour MW-like IMFs. Like the high- sample on average, these galaxies have strong Na  i 1.14 μm; taken in isolation their sodium indices imply bottom-heavy IMFs which are hard to reconcile with the lensing masses. An alternative full-spectrum-fitting approach, applied to the high- sample, recovers an IMF less heavy than Salpeter, but under-predicts the Na  i 1.14 μm line at the 5 level. We conclude that current models struggle to reproduce this feature in the most massive galaxies without breaking other constraints, and caution against over-reliance on the sodium lines in spectroscopic IMF studies.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Digitale ISSN: 1745-3933
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    The 6dF Galaxy Survey: cosmological constraints from the velocity power spectrum (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-20
    Beschreibung: We present scale-dependent measurements of the normalized growth rate of structure f 8 ( k , z  = 0) using only the peculiar motions of galaxies. We use data from the 6-degree Field Galaxy Survey velocity sample together with a newly compiled sample of low-redshift ( z  〈 0.07) Type Ia supernovae. We constrain the growth rate in a series of k ~ 0.03 h Mpc –1 bins to ~35 per cent precision, including a measurement on scales 〉300 h –1 Mpc, which represents one of the largest scale growth rate measurement to date. We find no evidence for a scale-dependence in the growth rate, or any statistically significant variation from the growth rate as predicted by the Planck cosmology. Bringing all the scales together, we determine the normalized growth rate at z  = 0 to ~15 per cent in a manner independent of galaxy bias and in excellent agreement with the constraint from the measurements of redshift-space distortions from 6-degree Field Galaxy Survey. We pay particular attention to systematic errors. We point out that the intrinsic scatter present in Fundamental Plane and Tully–Fisher relations is only Gaussian in logarithmic distance units; wrongly assuming it is Gaussian in linear (velocity) units can bias cosmological constraints. We also analytically marginalize over zero-point errors in distance indicators, validate the accuracy of all our constraints using numerical simulations, and demonstrate how to combine different (correlated) velocity surveys using a matrix ‘hyperparameter’ analysis. Current and forthcoming peculiar velocity surveys will allow us to understand in detail the growth of structure in the low-redshift universe, providing strong constraints on the nature of dark energy.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Digitale ISSN: 1365-2966
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey - X. Nuclear star clusters in low-mass early-type galaxies: scaling relations (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-22
    Beschreibung: We present scaling relations between structural properties of nuclear star clusters and their host galaxies for a sample of early-type dwarf galaxies observed as part of the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Coma Cluster Survey. We have analysed the light profiles of 200 early-type dwarf galaxies in the magnitude range 16.0 〈  m F 814 W  〈 22.6 mag, corresponding to –19.0 〈  M F 814 W  〈 –12.4 mag. Nuclear star clusters are detected in 80 per cent of the galaxies, thus doubling the sample of HST -observed early-type dwarf galaxies with nuclear star clusters. We confirm that the nuclear star cluster detection fraction decreases strongly towards faint magnitudes. The luminosities of nuclear star clusters do not scale linearly with host galaxy luminosity. A linear fit yields $L_{\rm nuc} \sim L_{\rm gal}^{0.57\pm 0.05}$ . The nuclear star cluster–host galaxy luminosity scaling relation for low-mass early-type dwarf galaxies is consistent with formation by globular cluster (GC) accretion. We find that at similar luminosities, galaxies with higher Sérsic indices have slightly more luminous nuclear star clusters. Rounder galaxies have on average more luminous clusters. Some of the nuclear star clusters are resolved, despite the distance of Coma. We argue that the relation between nuclear star cluster mass and size is consistent with both formation by GC accretion and in situ formation. Our data are consistent with GC inspiralling being the dominant mechanism at low masses, although the observed trend with Sérsic index suggests that in situ star formation is an important second-order effect.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Digitale ISSN: 1365-2966
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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