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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 37 (1987), S. 591-601 
    ISSN: 0022-4073
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 39 (1988), S. 299-308 
    ISSN: 0022-4073
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 27 (1992), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Zusammenwirken von Wärmestrahlung und Mischkonvektion auf den Strom eines „grauen“ Fluids in einem horizontalen, isotherm beheizten Kreisrohr wird numerisch untersucht. Der Ansatz der Grundgleichungen erfolgt in der Wirbel-Geschwindigkeitsform, die Lösung mit Hilfe der DuFort-Frankel-Methode. Der Beitrag der Strahlung wird in Integralform angesetzt und mittels einer Finitelement-Knotenpunkt-Approximation gelöst. Der Einfluß von Strahlung und Konvektion auf die lokale Nusselt-Zahl und die Mischtemperatur ist dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der Wärmeübergang unter dem Einfluß von Strahlung und auftriebsinduzierter Sekundärströmung wesentlich verstärkt werden kann. Daneben bewirkt die Wärmestrahlung eine Abschwächung der von den Sekundärströmungen ausgelösten Schwankungen im Verlauf der örtlichen Nusselt-Zahl.
    Notes: Abstract A numerical analysis is performed on the combined thermal radiation and mixed convection for a gray fluid flow in a horizontal isothermally-heated circular tube. The governing equations of vorticity-velocity form are employed and solved by DuFort-Frankel method. The contribution of radiation is formulated by integral expression and solved by finite element nodal approximation. The effects of radiation and convection on local Nusselt number and the developing of bulk temperature are presented. The result shows that the heat transfer can be significantly enhanced by the effects of radiation and secondary flow induced by buoyancy. Besides, the fluctuation in local Nusselt number curve which is caused by the existence of secondary flow is reduced by the effect of thermal radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 51 (1990), S. 179-197 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A numerical model was developed to simulate neutrally stratified air flow over and through a forest edge. The spatially averaged equations for turbulent flow in vegetation canopies are derived as the governing equations. A first-order closure scheme with the capability of accounting for the bulk momentum transport process in vegetation canopies is employed. The averaged equations are solved numerically by a fractional time-step method and successive relaxation. The asymptotic solution in time is regarded as the steady-state solution. Comparisons of model output to the field measurements of Raynor (1971) indicate that the model provides a realistic mean flow. Momentum balance computations show that the pressure gradient induced by the wind blowing against the forest edge is significant and has the same order of magnitude as the drag force in the edge region. The edge effect involves the generation of drag forces, the appearance of a large pressure gradient, the upward deflection of mean flow and the transport of momentum into the edge of the canopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 33 (1985), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The gradient diffusion parameterization of the Reynolds stress is modified by adding a bulk momentum transport term. Comparisons to available data indicate that this term accounts for the gusts or ‘downsweeps’ of higher momentum fluid into the canopy and ejections of lower momentum fluid out of the canopy. This term results in realistic mean wind speed profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Turbulent flow within and above an almond orchard was measured with three-dimensional wind sensors and fine-wire thermocouple sensors arranged in a horizontal array. The data showed organized turbulent structures as indicated by coherent asymmetric ramp patterns in the time series traces across the sensor array. Space-time correlation analysis indicated that velocity and temperature fluctuations were significantly correlated over a transverse distance more than 4m. Integral length scales of velocity and temperature fluctuations were substantially greater in unstable conditions than those in stable conditions. The coherence spectral analysis indicated that Davenport's geometric similarity hypothesis was satisfied in the lower frequency region. From the geometric similarity hypothesis, the spatial extents of large ramp structures were also estimated with the coherence functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 4 (1973), S. 338-340 
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The tolerance of lung of unanesthetized male rats to rapid decompression from one atmospheric pressure to an ambient pressure of 30 mm Hg in 0.3 s was markedly reduced when the rats were previously subjected to prolonged semi-starvation for 1.5 to 3 months. It was observed that 46.7% of the control animals revealed mild pulmonary hemorrhage, while all of the semi-starved rats (100%) exhibited mild to severe pulmonary hemorrhage. Besides, the average dry lung weight of the control group was 406 mg while the value for the semi-starved animals was 279 mg. The difference was highly significant statistically. The significant weight loss of the lung could indicate certain degree of lung atrophy. Such an atrophy of pulmonary tissue might be responsible for the decreased tolerance of lung to rapid decompression. The frequency of occurrence and the severity of the pulmonary hemorrhage may thus be increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-02-09
    Description: Magnetopause reconnection is investigated with our 3-D self-consistent global hybrid simulation model. The magnetic configuration and evolution of Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) and the associated ion density and ion velocity distribution at various locations on the magnetopause are investigated. The results reveal the following. (1) Multiple X lines are formed during the magnetopause reconnection, which lead to both FTEs and quasi-steady-type reconnection under a steady solar wind condition. The resulting bipolar signature of local normal magnetic field of FTEs is consistent with satellite observations. (2) A greater-than-20% plasma temperature rise is seen at the center of a FTE, compared to that of the upstream plasma in the magnetosheath. The temperature enhancement is mainly in the direction parallel to the magnetic field because of the mixing of ion beams. (3) Flux ropes that lead to FTEs form between X lines of finite lengths and evolve relatively independently. The ion density is enhanced within FTE flux ropes because of the trapped particles, leading to a filamentary global density. (4) Different from the previous understanding based on the asymmetric density across the magnetopause, a quadrupole magnetic field signature associated with the Hall effects is found to be present around FTEs. (5) A combination of patchy reconnection and multiple X line reconnection leads to the formation of reconnected field lines from the magnetosphere to IMF, as well as the closed field lines from the magnetosphere to the magnetosphere in the magnetopause boundary layer.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-03-14
    Description: With a 3-D global-scale hybrid simulation model, we investigate the energy spectra of cusp precipitating ions and issues associated with magnetopause reconnection under a southward IMF. Both the spatial and temporal energy spectra of cusp precipitating ions are computed by tracing trajectories of the transmitted magnetosheath ions. The spatial spectrum shows a dispersive feature consistent with satellite observations, with higher energy particles at lower latitudes and lower energy particles at higher latitudes. The simulation reveals (1) how and where particles are transmitted from the solar wind into the magnetosphere via direct magnetic reconnection on the dayside; (2) how the features of the spectra are related to ongoing magnetic FTEs; and (3) how the motion of the cusp, particularly the latitudinal variation of the open/closed field line boundary, is correlated with the dayside reconnection and reflected in the energy flux spectra of the precipitating ions as a function of time.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-09
    Description: Author(s): D. G. Hawthorn, K. M. Shen, J. Geck, D. C. Peets, H. Wadati, J. Okamoto, S.-W. Huang, D. J. Huang, H.-J. Lin, J. D. Denlinger, Ruixing Liang, D. A. Bonn, W. N. Hardy, and G. A. Sawatzky Static charge-density-wave (CDW) and spin-density-wave (SDW) order has been convincingly observed in La-based cuprates for some time. However, more recently it has been suggested by quantum oscillation, transport, and thermodynamic measurements that density-wave order is generic to underdoped cuprat... [Phys. Rev. B 84, 075125] Published Mon Aug 08, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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