ALBERT

Notes: A feeding trial of three protein levels (30, 40 and 50%) and two energy levels (300 and 400 kcal/100-g diet) factorial design with three replications was carried out to investigate the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Weight gain of fish tended to improve with increasing dietary protein level. Weight gain of fish fed either the 40% or 50% protein diet with 300 kcal/100-g diet was significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) than with 400 kcal/100-g diet. The best weight gain was obtained from fish fed the 50% protein diet with 300 kcal/100-g diet. Feed efficiency tended to improve with increasing dietary protein level. However, dietary energy level had no significant effect on feed efficiency of fish fed the 30% or 50% protein diet, but that of fish fed the 40% protein diet with 300 kcal/100-g diet was significantly higher than with 400 kcal/100-g diet. Protein retention tended to increase as dietary protein level increased and energy level decreased. Lipid content of fish fed the diet containing 400 kcal/100-g diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the diet containing 300 kcal/100-g diet at all protein levels. Fatty acid compositions such as linoleic acid, EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) offish were directly affected by dietary lipid (squid liver oil and/or soybean oil) used for energy source. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the proper dietary protein and energy levels for the growth of juvenile flounder are 50% and 300 kcal/100-g diet, respectively.

Notes: The effects of feeding rate and feeding frequency on survival, growth and body composition of ayu post-larvae (0.15 g in body weight and 3.5 cm in total length) were investigated in this study. A factorial experimental design of two feeding rates (3 and 6% of body weight of fish per meal) five feeding frequencies (one meal in 2 d, one meal a day, two meals a day, four meals a day, and six meals a day) with three replicates was used. Survival of ayu post-larvae was significantly (P 0.05) affected by feeding frequency but not by feeding rate. Survival of ayu improved linearly with feeding frequency at both feeding rates. Weight and length gains and specific growth rate (SGR) of ayu was significantly (P 0.05) affected by feeding frequency but not by feeding rate, with weight and length gains and SGR linearly elevated with increasing feeding frequency at both feeding rates. The greatest weight and length gains were observed in fish receiving six meals daily at both feeding rates; however, no significant difference in weight gain was observed among two, four, and six meals a day, or in length gain between four and six meals a day. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly (P 0.05) affected by both feeding rate and feeding frequency. FER linearly decreased with feeding frequency at both feeding rates or feeding rate in the same feeding frequency. When the total daily amount of feed supply was constant with various feeding frequencies at different feeding rates (one meal a day at 3% feeding rate and one meal in 2 d at 6% feeding rate, two meals a day at 3% feeding rate and one meal a day at 6% feeding rate, or four meals a day at 3% feeding rate and two meals a day at 6% feeding rate), improvement in survival, weight and length gains, and SGR was observed in fish with higher feeding frequency at lower feeding rate. Moisture, protein, and lipid content of fish were not significantly (P 〉 0.05) affected by either feeding rate or feeding frequency. However, lipid content of ayu linearly increased with feeding frequency at 6% feeding rate. The highest body lipid content was observed in fish receiving six meals daily at both feeding rates. Ash content of fish was significantly (P 0.05) affected by feeding frequency but not by feeding rate. Based on performance of ayu, it can be concluded that optimum feeding rate and feeding frequency for ayu post-larvae (an initial weight of 0.15 g) were 3% per meal and four meals a day, respectively, under these experimental conditions.

Notes: This study was conducted to confirm the essentiality of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, liver, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder. Three replicate groups of fish (average weighing 3.0 g) were fed experimental diets containing lauric acid ethyl ester, soybean oil, soybean and linseed oils mixture, and squid liver oil as lipid sources for 13 wk. No significant difference was observed in survival among all groups (P 〉0.05). Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the squid liver oil diet containing high n-3 HUFA level were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets (P 0.05). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of liver polar and neutral lipid fractions in fish fed the diet containing lauric acid tended to increase compared to those of the other groups. Fish fed the diets containing soybean and/or linseed oils, which contained high contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, respectively, showed the highest contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in both lipid fractions of the liver (P 0.05). Significantly higher content of n-3 HUFA was observed in both lipid fractions of the liver from fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil than for fish fed the other diets (P 0.05). Total cholesterol, glucose, and glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase in plasma were significantly affected by dietary lipids (P 0.05). Histologically, the liver of fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil had a clear distinction between nuclear and cytoplasm membranes; however, cytoplasm of fish fed the diets containing lauric acid and soybean oil was shrunken, and the hepatic cell outline was indistinguishable. It is concluded that the dietary n-3 HUFA is essential for normal growth, and that the dietary lipid sources affect growth performance, liver cell property, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder.

Notes: Risk-based inspection (RBI) guideline based on API 581 provides a methodology for calculating the risks of equipment in refinery or petrochemical plant. However, there is a major limitation of its application to the petrochemical plant directly since only a representative material is considered in calculating the risk, especially in part of the consequence of failure, even though the equipment is composed of numerous materials. The objectives of this paper are to develop an enhanced RBI program to resolve shortcoming inclusive of the above issue and to evaluate the risks ofequipment in petrochemical plant using the program. In this respect, the mole fractions of materials were used to fully incorporate the characteristics of different materials. The proposed RBI program consists of qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative risk evaluation modules in which toxic materials as well as representative materials were selected automatically for comparison with those inthe current guideline. The RBI program has been applied to evaluate the risks of equipment in Naphtha Cracking Center (NCC) which is a typical facility of petrochemical plant. Thereby, promising evaluation results were obtained and applicability of the proposed RBI program was proven

Notes: Steam generators working in nuclear power plants convert water into steam from heatproduced in the reactor core and each of them contains from 3,000 to 16,000 tubes. Since these tubesconstitute one of primary barriers under radioactive and high pressure condition, the integrity shouldbe maintained carefully during the operation. The objective of this research is to introduce anintegrity evaluation system for steam generator tubes as a substitute of well-trained engineers orexperts. For this purpose, a couplet examination has been carried out on the complicated evaluationprocedure and an efficient system named as STiES was developed employing three representativeintegrity evaluation methods: fracture mechanics analysis (crack driving force diagram andJ-integral/Tearing modulus method) and limit load method. Exemplary analyses for steam generatortubes with various types of flaws showed good applicability of the proposed integrity evaluationsystem. So, it is anticipated that the system can be used for the calculation of reference pressure todecide either the continued operation or repair until next outage

Notes: The purpose of this paper is to investigate principles of levitation and restitution of blowingnozzle prior to fabricating a prototype of air handling system. Since air force distributions streamingbottom surface of a flat panel display (FPD) highly dependent on operating as well as design conditionand configuration of air handling system, influences of various parameters such as flow rate, supplyair pressure, floating height and tilted angle are examined through a series of computational fluiddynamics (CFD) analyses. Moreover, dynamic finite element analyses of the FPD are carried out toassure that an oscillation effect caused by disturbances is not significant. Key findings from the bothCFD and structural analysis results are presented and discussed, which can be utilized as technicalbases for development of the practical air handling system

Notes: In this paper, a knowledge-based information system for the plant operation of steel making company has been proposed. The system, which is named as K-VRS(Knowledge-based Virtual Reality System), provides a connection between ERP plant maintenance module and knowledge-based engineering methodologies, and thus, enables network-based highly effective plant maintenance process. The developed system is expected to play a great role for more efficient and safer plant maintenance

Notes: A piping system including straight pipes, elbows and tee branches in a nuclear power plantis mostly subjected to severe loading conditions with high temperature and pressure. In particular, thewall-thinning of an elbow due to flow accelerated corrosion is one of safety issues in the nuclearindustry. In this respect, it is necessary to investigate the limit loads of an elbow with a wall-thinnedpart for evaluating integrity. In this paper, three dimensional plastic limit analyses are performed toobtain limit loads of an elbow with different bend angles as well as defect geometries under internalpressure and in-plane/out-of-plane bending moment. The limit loads are also compared with theresults from limit load solutions of an uninjured elbow based on the von Mises yield criteria. Finally,the effects of significant factors, bend angle and defect shape, are quantified to estimate the exact loadcarrying capacity of an elbow during operation