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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 2074-2078 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Small-angle neutron scattering experiments were performed at 25 °C on solutions of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride and sodium tetraphenylborate in deuterated water and in deuterated dimethylformamide. The results show a strong attraction between either the organic cations or the organic anions when the salts are dissolved in water. On the contrary, in the organic solvent the attraction between the equally charged organic ions is found to be very weak. This is the first structural evidence of hydrophobic association of small organic ions in water.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The question is discussed whether small-angle neutron scattering measurements and their interpretation with continuum-solvent models can yield reliable information about hydrophobic association of small organic ions in water.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 398-403 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 822-827 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 3833-3840 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of service industry management 16 (2005), S. 135-151 
    ISSN: 0956-4233
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - This paper aims to clarify the interdependencies among three main stakeholder groups and to show how to manage overall service quality in customer care centers. Design/methodology/approach - A framework of the relations among the target groups of a customer care center was developed. A survey methodology with a 360° approach that encompasses top management, employees and final customers as three main target groups was conducted. The sample incorporates 58 customer care centers and seven industries in Germany and Austria. Besides the management interviews, we received 1,580 completed questionnaires by employees, and 2,010 completed questionnaires by customers. Multiple regression analysis was applied on multi-item measurement scales of the three different levels. Findings - We were able to show that employee satisfaction is the main factor for driving customer orientation. Further management efforts resulting in employee orientation will facilitate the job of employees and increase employee loyalty. Research limitations/implications - Only 16 customer care centers participated in all three parts of the study. Practical implications - Companies should consider the needs of their employees and possibly initiate measures to foster employee satisfaction. A strict quality orientation could signal a low level of trust toward the employees. It is essential that firms invest in their employees and apply an employee-oriented management style. Originality/value - The study encompasses three relevant stakeholder groups on a broad empirical base, which is unique until now in the research field of customer care centers. Interdependencies among the three perspectives could be revealed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 292 (1981), S. 638-640 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] D. hydei has three clusters of rRNA genes (nucleolar organizers, NOs), one on the X and two on the Y chromosome5'6. We have previously described flies containing only Y-chromosomal NOs which were not bobbed in spite of a low rDNA content. In contrast, flies with only X-chromosomal NOs, containing ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 20 (1967), S. 332-370 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Kerne der wachsenden Oocyten von Locusta migratoria wurden isoliert und im unfixierten Zustand mit Phasenkontrastoptik untersucht. Sie enthalten fädige Strukturen, die paarig angeordnet sind. Ihre Chromosomennatur wird durch die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber DNase wahrscheinlich gemacht. Die Chromosomenfäden tragen größtenteils wie die Lampenbürstenchromosomen der Amphibien zahlreiche seitliche Schleifen (loops). Ein kleinerer Teil, dem die loops fehlen, ist mit stark lichtbrechenden Grana besetzt (Perlschnurabschnitt). Die lichtmikroskopisch sichtbare Basophilie der Kernstrukturen verschwindet nach RNase-Behandlung. 2. Der Einfluß des Ionengehaltes verschiedener Salzlösungen auf die Sichtbarkeit der Chromosomen im isolierten Kern wurde geprüft. In hypertonen Medien ziehen sich die Lampenbürstenchromosomen und die Perlschnurabschnitte stark zusammen. In Stickstoffatmosphäre und bei tiefer Temperatur verschmelzen die Perlschnursegmente durch Granaverklebungen zu wenigen großen Klumpen. Nach Zurückführung in Normalbedingungen wird der Ausgangszustand wieder hergestellt. 3. H3-Uridin wird in situ und in vitro bereits nach 8 min in deutlichem Umfang in die RNS an den Chromosomenfäden eingebaut. Nach längeren Inkubationszeiten sind die Perlschnurstränge stärker markiert als die Lampenbürstenchromosomen. 4. Durch Actinomycin wird die RNS-Synthese allmählich blockiert. Dabei ziehen sich die Perlschnurstränge und die Lampenbürstenchromosomen in fortschreitendem Maße zusammen. Im Gegensatz zu der durch Kälte und Hypertonlösung hervorgerufenen Chromosomenkontraktion kommt es hierbei aber nur zu geringfügigen Verschmelzungen der Perlschnurgrana. Nach längerer Einwirkungsdauer des Actinomycins vermindern sich die RNS-haltigen Grana der Perlschnurabschnitte in zunehmendem Ausmaß. 5. Die funktionelle Bedeutung der Perlschnursegmente wird diskutiert. Auf Grund ihrer einheitlichen Struktur, der Ähnlichkeit mit den Amphibiennukleolen und der Eigentümlichkeit ihres RNS-Stoffwechsels wird vermutet, daß sie den Nukleolen der Amphibien entsprechen, aber hintereinander im Chromosomenverband eingeschaltet sind.
    Notes: Abstract Examination of living oocyte nuclei of Locusta migratoria has revealed the presence of thread-like struktures. They are paired and are thought to be the uncoiled chromosomes since they are broken into fragments by treatment with DNase. The greater part of the threads carries lateral loops like the lampbrush chromosomes of Amphibia (Fig. 14). A smaller part has no loops hut bears a series of conspicious granules with bright appearance under positive phase contrast optics (pearl-string segments) (Fig. 2). — The visibility of the chromosomes has been investigated in solutions with several ions. In hypertonic media the chromosomes contract, the granules fuse, and the pearl-string segments become lumpy (Fig. 21). In nitrogenous atmosphere and if kept at low temperature the pearl-string structures are likewise transformed into a few lumps (Fig. 19). After return to normal conditions they reconstitute their characteristic beaded appearance. — In autoradiographs obtained by injection of H3-uridine into the body cavity and by incubation of isolated nuclei in vitro, a rather uniformly distributed labelling occurs over the oocyte nuclei up to 30 min incubation time (Fig. 23). With prolonged incubation the activity of the pearl-string segments becomes more intense than the labelling of the lampbrush chromosomes (Fig. 24). After treatment with actinomycin RNA synthesis is stopped, the pearl-string axes and the lampbrush chromosomes contract, and the granules disappear more and more (Figs. 25-28). — The pearlstring segments look very much like the nucleoli in the oocytes of Amphibia, where the nucleolar substance is likewise distributed as a series of beads of rather uniform size on an axis. Therefore, the pearl-string structures may have nucleolar function in Locusta too. If so, the only difference to the Amphibian nucleoli would be the continued attachment to the lampbrush chromosomes.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Drosophila hydei rRNA genes from different chromosomes and from different stocks have been studied by restriction enzyme analysis. In DNA from wild-type females, about half of the X chromosomal rRNA genes are interrupted by an intervening sequence within the 28S coding region. In contrast to D. melanogaster, the intervening sequences belong to a single size class of 6.0 kb. Although there are two nucleolus organizers on the Y chromosome, genes containing the intervening sequence seem to be restricted to the X chromosome. — As shown in four cloned rDNA fragments, the nontranscribed spacers differ in length by having varying numbers of a 242 base pair sequence located in tandem in the right section of the spacer. In genomic rDNA, the spacers also differ in length by a regular 0.25 kb interval. Spacers with between 5 and 15 subrepeats occur frequently within the X and Y chromosomal nucleolus organizers in different D. hydei stocks; shorter and longer spacers are also present but are relatively rare. — Although each genotype is characterized by different frequencies of some spacer classes, the prominent spacer length heterogeneity pattern is similar among the different nucleolus organizers and, therefore, seems to be conserved during evolution.
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