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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 60 (1979), S. 99-117 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dipole lengths and dipole velocities have been determined for a series of transitions in N IV, O V and O VI. Some of these transitions are of astrophysical interest and the remainder were computed to give a more complete picture of the transitions in the respective ions. With the dipole length and dipole velocity known the line strengths and, therefore, the transition probabilities can be readily obtained. Agreement between dipole length and dipole velocity has been obtained in most cases.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 169 (1995), S. 463-473 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We classify when local instability of orbits of closeby points can occur for billiards in two dimensional polygons, for billiards inside three dimensional polyhedra and for geodesic flows on surfaces of three dimensional polyhedra. We sharpen a theorem of Boldrighini, Keane and Marchetti. We show that polygonal and polyhedral billiards have zero topological entropy. We also prove that billiards in polygons are positive expansive when restricted to the set of non-periodic points. The methods used are elementary geometry and symbolic dynamics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 98 (2000), S. 375-404 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: self-organized criticality ; hyperbolic dynamical systems ; iterated functions systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We develop a dynamical system approach for the Zhang model of self-organized criticality, for which the dynamics can be described either in terms of iterated function systems or as a piecewise hyperbolic dynamical system of skew-product type. In this setting we describe the SOC attractor, and discuss its fractal structure. We show how the Lyapunov exponents, the Haussdorf dimensions, and the system size are related to the probability distribution of the avalanche size via the Ledrappier–Young formula.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Computer simulation ; wood ants ; queen dominance ; social parasitism ; dispersal strategy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Wood ants of theFormica rufa species complex are typically bound to woodland habitats and their eventual colonization of more open habitats depends on the presence of a sufficient number of woody plants. Computer simulations of the long-term development of large wood ant populations in woodland systems of differing structure were performed. A cellular, stochastic automation model simulated the alternatives of a compact, coherent woodland system and a fragmented, coarse-grained woodland system. The simulation of a compact woodland system gave evidence that disruptive selection alone may be sufficient to produce two distinct ectotypes, which are known asFormica rufa andFormica polyctena, even if there is a full fertility of the crosses. The simulation of a fragmented, coarse-grained woodland system has supported the view, that a high local frequency of nests with intermediate phenotypes might be explainable by a particular woodland pattern which favour mixed strategies. It was shown that queen dominance and intraspecific social parasitism are likely to be important factors in the dynamics of large wood ant populations.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society 30 (1999), S. 1-30 
    ISSN: 1678-7714
    Keywords: Center problem ; nonautonomous dynamical system ; linearizability ; rotation ; conformal mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the linearizability and stability of a nonautonomous dynamical system in the neighborhood of a neutral fixed point. Our results generalize the classical results of Schröder and Siegel in the case when the linear part of the mapping is an irrational rotation, well known results in the rational case and the fundamental result on the representation of the system as a translation in the neighborhood of a fixed point at infinity.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 46 (2000), S. 180-187 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The decrease of Black grouse (Tetrao tetrix L.) populations in huge parts of its former Central European range can also be observed for the Erzgebirge (“ore mountains”, Germany) population. As a basis for any management efforts, an analysis of the reasons for the decrease of populations in this region is indispensable and actually in preparation. Main basis of such an analysis is the knowledge of population dynamics over a longer period. In this context, the present paper studies the development of Black grouse populations for the Saxon part of the Erzgebirge between 1980 and 2000 using a retrospective as well as a prospective approach. Black grouse populations in the Erzgebirge are mainly restricted to the tops of the mountains. By own observations, altogether four areas inhabited by Black grouse (Fürstenau, Deutscheinsiedel, Satzung, Cunnersdorf) can be determined. At the beginning of the study period, only one of these areas was assumed to be certainly inhabited by Black grouse. During the following years, only single animals have been detected in all above mentioned areas. An increase of population sizes can be observed from mid of the 1980s. A maximum of Black grouse population in the Saxon part of the Erzgebirge with about 120 animals (57 lekking cocks) was reached in 1993. A significant decrease followed since 1995; an actual minimum was reached in 2000 with a total of 13 lekking cocks.
    Abstract: Résumé La régression des effectifs du Coq de Bruyère(Tetrao tetrix) dans de nombreux secteurs de son aire de dispersion en Europe centrale touche également la population de l'Erzgebirge. Le fondement des mesures d'aménagement passe nécessairement par une analyse des causes du déclin des effectifs dans cette région, cette analyse étant actuellement en préparation. Une base importante d'une telle analyse réside dans la prise en considération de la dynamique de population sur une période suffisamment longue. Le présent travail s'intéresse à cet égard au développement, aussi bien rétrospectif que prospectif, des effectifs du Coq de bruyère dans l'Erzgebirge de Saxe au cours de la période située entre 1980 et 2000. L'occurrence du Tétras lyre dans l'Erzgebirge est pour l'essentiel limitée aux secteurs de plateaux. Sur base de propres observations, au total trois zones peuvent être délimitées dans la partie saxonne de l'Erzgebirge comme étant colonisées par le Coq de Bruyère: Fürstenau, Deutscheinsiedel, Satzung, Cunnersdorf. Au début de la période d'étude, en 1980, une seule aire pouvait être considérée comme effectivement colonisée. Au cours des années suivantes par contre, dans tous les territoires étudiés, seule la présence de quelques individus pouvait être confirmée, quand il ne s'agissait pas de vérifier la simple existence de l'espèce. A partir de la moitié des années 80, un relèvement des effectifs put être constaté. Un maximum au cours de la période d'observation fut atteint en 1993 avec quelque 120 exemplaires, 57 coqs participant à la parade nuptiale. C'est ensuite à partir de 1995 environ qu'une régression sensible fut enregistrée. Un creux est actuellement atteint avec 13 coqs renseignés pendant le balz du printemps 2000.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Rückgang der Birkhuhnbestände (Tetrao tetrix L.) in großen Teilen des ehemaligen Verbreitungsgebietes in Mitteleuropa betrifft auch die Population des Erzgebirges. Als Grundlage für Managementmaßnahmen ist eine Analyse der Ursachen des Rückganges der Populationsumfänge in dieser Region unabdingbar und befindet sich derzeit in Vorbereitung. Wesentliche Basis einer solchen Analyse ist die Erfassung der Populationsdynamik über einen längeren Zeitraum. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht in diesem Zusammenhang die Entwicklung des Birkhuhnbestandes im sächsischen Erzgebirge in der Periode zwischen 1980 und 2000 sowohl retroals auch prospektiv. Das Vorkommen des Birkhuhns im Erzgebirge ist im wesentlichen auf die Kammlagen beschränkt. Aufgrund eigener Beobachtungen lassen sich für den sächsischen Teil des Erzgebirges insgesamt vier Areale mit Birkhuhnvorkommen (Fürstenau, Deutscheinsiedel, Satzung, Cunnersdorf) abgrenzen. Zu Beginn des Untersuchungszeitraumes im Jahre 1980 galt nur noch ein Areal als sicher besiedelt. Während der folgenden Jahre konnten in allen Untersuchungsgebieten lediglich einzelne Individuen nachgewiesen werden bzw. gelangen keine sicheren Nachweise zur Art. Ab Mitte der 1980er Jahre war dann eine Bestandeszunahme zu beobachten. Eine Höchststand im Beobachtungszeitraum erreichte die Birkhuhnpopulation im sächsischen Erzgebirge im Jahr 1993 mit etwa 120 Exemplaren (57 balzende Hähne). Ab etwa 1995 war dann wieder eine deutliche Abnahme zu registrieren. Ein aktueller Tiefpunkt wurde mit den im Jahr 2000 gezählten 13 balzenden Hähnen erreicht.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 44 (1998), S. 151-166 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The present paper deals with the development of the hunting kill of wild boar(Sus scrofa) in the state of Saxony, Germany. Hunting statistics for the State of Saxony as well as the respective former districts of the German Democratic Republic were analyzed for the period between 1956 and 1997 (Figs. 1–9). The discussion of several potentially influencing factors leads to the hypothesis that the increase of corn production is the most important reason for the increase of the hunting kill of wild boar (Figs. 10, 11). Additonally, hunting rules and customs of the present and past might have reinforced this trend. Finally, some recommendations for future management of wild boar are developed from the present results.
    Abstract: Résumé La présente étude concerne l'évolution des tableaux de tir du Sanglier(Sus scrofa) dans le Land de Saxe (République fédérale allemande). Les statistiques de chasse de la Saxe fédérale aussi bien que celles des anciens districts de la Républque démocratique d'Allemagne couvrant la période de 1956 à 1997 (Fig. 1 à 9) ont été exploitées. La discussion portant sur l'effet de différents facteurs possibles sur les tableaux de tir conduit à l'hypothèse que l'augmentation de la production de Maïs au cours de la même période constitue la cause principale de l'augmentation constatée des tableaux de tir en Sanglier (Fig. 10 et 11). En outre, la législation et la pratique de la chasse ont pu renforcer cette tendance. Quelques recommandations sont déduites des résultats de l'analyse, en vue de la gestion future du Sanglier.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung der Strecken des Schwarzwildes(Sus scrofa) im Freistaat Sachsen (Bundesrepublik Deutschland). Jagdstatistiken des Bundeslandes Sachsen sowie der betreffenden früheren Bezirke der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (Abb. 1–9) wurden für den Zeitraum von 1956 bis 1997 ausgewertet. Die Diskussion verschiedener möglicher Einflußfaktoren auf die Schwarzwildstrecke führt zu der Hypothese, daß der Anstieg der Maisproduktion im gleichen Zeitraum die Hauptursache für den beobachteten Anstieg der Schwarzwildstrecken darstellt (Abb. 10 u. 11). Darüber hinaus dürften Jagdgesetzgebung und Jagdpraxis diesen Trend noch verstärkt haben. Abschließend werden aus den Ergebnissen der Untersuchung einige Empfehlungen für die zukünftige Schwarzwildbewirtschaftung hergeleitet.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 45 (1999), S. 196-207 
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The present paper deals with the composition of the hunting crop of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in the Freistaat Sachsen (Saxony, Germany) and the effects of the hunting legislation on population structure. Statistics for hunting crops in Saxony for administrative, private, and joint hunting districts were analyzed for the period between 1992 and 1997. The effects on the age class distribution of a ruling introduced in 1993 permitting hunters to keep cost free all gutted boars with a weight of less than 30 kg is discussed in the present paper. Clearly economic incentives such as described above might become a useful tool in management of wild boar population.
    Abstract: Résumé La présente recherche étudie les tableaux de chasse réalisés dans l'Etat libre de Saxe (République fédérale allemande) ainsi que l'effet des dispositions du 13 mai 1993 en matière d'exploitation cynégétique (Fig. 1). Les statistiques de chasse du Land de Saxe, des districts administratifs cynégétiques et des unités de gestion cynégétiques privées et communales, sont traitées, par direction forestière, pour la période 1992 à 1997 (Fig. 2 à 6). L'attribution gratuite, par l'administration forestière, de sangliers pesant moins de 30 kg vidés, est discutée quant à ses effets sur la structure des classes d'âge tant du tableau de tir que de la population restante. Il apparait clairement qu'une telle règlementation est de nature à constituer un outil approprié de gestion du Sanglier.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Zusammensetzung der Schwarzwildstrecke im Freistaat Sachsen (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) und der Auswirkung der Jagdnutzungsanweisung vom 13. Mai 1993 (Abb. 1). Jagdstatistiken des Bundeslandes Sachsen, der Verwaltungsjagdbezirke und der Eigen- und Gemeinschaftsjagdbezirke aufgeschlüsselt nach Forstdirektionen, wurden für den Zeitraum 1992 bis 1997 ausgewertet (Abb. 2–6). Die Auswirkungen der kostenlosen Überlassung von Stücken Schwarzwild durch die Forstverwaltung, welche aufgebrochen unter 30 kg wogen, werden hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf den Altersklassenaufbau der Strecke und den verbleibenden Bestand diskutiert. Es wird deutlich, daß sich derartige Regelungen zu einem wertvollen Instrument artgerechter Schwarzwildbewirtschaftung entwickeln können.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (2001), S. 299-307 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: PACS. 03.65.Ta Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory – 33.15.Bh General molecular conformation and symmetry; stereochemistry – 33.80.-b Photon interactions with molecules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Suppose that a pair of entities which have been generated jointly from a common source are separated by an experimental device so that they cannot interact any more. Then, strictly formulating within the framework of traditional quantum mechanics, the ensemble of all pairs may be represented by either a separable or a non-separable statistical operator. The former stands for the independence of the sub-ensembles whereas the latter admits correlations (EPR correlations) due to the presence of interference or cross terms. The second-order correlation function Δ, which is also amenable by experiment, adopts different values depending on the choice of the statistical operator. So, by performing an experiment of this kind with molecules, the question could be decided whether EPR correlations appear in the molecular domain too. A detailed elaboration of the following idea is presented: let an achiral precursor molecule M2 dissociate so that two chiral fragments of different handedness are obtained. After separation R-M (L-M) interacts in a region of space A (B) with a photon I (II) in an already known linear polarization state. The enantiomeric correlation between the fragments is thereby conferred to the photons, and the corresponding changes of the polarization state are detected for different polarizer settings to finally yield Δ.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1227-1230 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Copper ; Indium ; Molybdenum ; Oxide ; Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Crystal Structure of CuInMo2O8.Single crystals of CuInMo2O8 were prepared and investigated by X-ray work. It shows monoclinic symmetry, space group C62h - C2/c; a = 9.549 Å, b = 11.529 Å, c = 5.000 Å; β = 91.38(2)°, Z = 4. CuInMo2O8 represents a LiYbW2O8 related structure, characterised by zigzag-chains of MoO6-octahedrons and octahedrons around copper and indium. With respect to LiFeW2O8 the single and three-valent ions are in opposite distribution. There are strong evidence for molybdenum in lowered oxidation state.
    Notes: CuInMo2O8 wurde synthetisiert und Einkristalle röntgenographisch untersucht. Es kristallisiert monoklin, Raumgruppe C62h - C2/c, mit a = 9,549 Å, b = 11,529 Å, c = 5,000 Å; β = 91,38(2)°; Z = 4. CuInMo2O8 ist im Aufbau mit LiFeW2O8 eng verwandt. Beide sind durch Zickzack-Ketten aus MO6-Oktaedern (M=Mo, W) sowie Oktaedern von O2- um Kupfer und Indium charakterisiert. Im Hinblick auf LiFeW2O8 sind ein- und dreiwertige Ionen vertauscht. Es gibt Hinweise für Molybdän in erniedrigter Oxidationszahl.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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