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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assembly proceeds in two stages. First, the 55 kilodalton viral Gag polyprotein assembles into a hexameric protein lattice at the plasma membrane of the infected cell, inducing budding and release of an immature particle. Second, Gag is cleaved by the viral protease, leading to internal rearrangement of the virus into the mature, infectious form. Immature and mature HIV-1 particles are heterogeneous in size and morphology, preventing high-resolution analysis of their protein arrangement in situ by conventional structural biology methods. Here we apply cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram averaging methods to resolve the structure of the capsid lattice within intact immature HIV-1 particles at subnanometre resolution, allowing unambiguous positioning of all alpha-helices. The resulting model reveals tertiary and quaternary structural interactions that mediate HIV-1 assembly. Strikingly, these interactions differ from those predicted by the current model based on in vitro-assembled arrays of Gag-derived proteins from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. To validate this difference, we solve the structure of the capsid lattice within intact immature Mason-Pfizer monkey virus particles. Comparison with the immature HIV-1 structure reveals that retroviral capsid proteins, while having conserved tertiary structures, adopt different quaternary arrangements during virus assembly. The approach demonstrated here should be applicable to determine structures of other proteins at subnanometre resolution within heterogeneous environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schur, Florian K M -- Hagen, Wim J H -- Rumlova, Michaela -- Ruml, Tomas -- Muller, Barbara -- Krausslich, Hans-Georg -- Briggs, John A G -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 22;517(7535):505-8. doi: 10.1038/nature13838. Epub 2014 Nov 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory/Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; 1] Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., IOCB &Gilead Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic [2] Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic. ; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic. ; 1] Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory/Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25363765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Capsid/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Capsid Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; *Cryoelectron Microscopy ; *Electron Microscope Tomography ; HEK293 Cells ; HIV-1/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Humans ; Mason-Pfizer monkey virus/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Virion/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Virus Assembly
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-05-26
    Description: Transport between compartments of eukaryotic cells is mediated by coated vesicles. The archetypal protein coats COPI, COPII, and clathrin are conserved from yeast to human. Structural studies of COPII and clathrin coats assembled in vitro without membranes suggest that coat components assemble regular cages with the same set of interactions between components. Detailed three-dimensional structures of coated membrane vesicles have not been obtained. Here, we solved the structures of individual COPI-coated membrane vesicles by cryoelectron tomography and subtomogram averaging of in vitro reconstituted budding reactions. The coat protein complex, coatomer, was observed to adopt alternative conformations to change the number of other coatomers with which it interacts and to form vesicles with variable sizes and shapes. This represents a fundamentally different basis for vesicle coat assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faini, Marco -- Prinz, Simone -- Beck, Rainer -- Schorb, Martin -- Riches, James D -- Bacia, Kirsten -- Brugger, Britta -- Wieland, Felix T -- Briggs, John A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1451-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1221443. Epub 2012 May 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22628556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COP-Coated Vesicles/*chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Coat Protein Complex I/*chemistry ; Coatomer Protein/*chemistry ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Electron Microscope Tomography ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: The assembly of retroviruses such as HIV-1 is driven by oligomerization of their major structural protein, Gag. Gag is a multidomain polyprotein including three conserved folded domains: MA (matrix), CA (capsid) and NC (nucleocapsid). Assembly of an infectious virion proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, Gag oligomerization into a hexameric protein lattice leads to the formation of an incomplete, roughly spherical protein shell that buds through the plasma membrane of the infected cell to release an enveloped immature virus particle. In the second stage, cleavage of Gag by the viral protease leads to rearrangement of the particle interior, converting the non-infectious immature virus particle into a mature infectious virion. The immature Gag shell acts as the pivotal intermediate in assembly and is a potential target for anti-retroviral drugs both in inhibiting virus assembly and in disrupting virus maturation. However, detailed structural information on the immature Gag shell has not previously been available. For this reason it is unclear what protein conformations and interfaces mediate the interactions between domains and therefore the assembly of retrovirus particles, and what structural transitions are associated with retrovirus maturation. Here we solve the structure of the immature retroviral Gag shell from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus by combining cryo-electron microscopy and tomography. The 8-A resolution structure permits the derivation of a pseudo-atomic model of CA in the immature retrovirus, which defines the protein interfaces mediating retrovirus assembly. We show that transition of an immature retrovirus into its mature infectious form involves marked rotations and translations of CA domains, that the roles of the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal domains of CA in assembling the immature and mature hexameric lattices are exchanged, and that the CA interactions that stabilize the immature and mature viruses are almost completely distinct.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bharat, Tanmay A M -- Davey, Norman E -- Ulbrich, Pavel -- Riches, James D -- de Marco, Alex -- Rumlova, Michaela -- Sachse, Carsten -- Ruml, Tomas -- Briggs, John A G -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jul 19;487(7407):385-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11169.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Capsid/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; *Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Mason-Pfizer monkey virus/*ultrastructure ; *Models, Molecular ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Virus Assembly
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: Much of life's essential molecular machinery consists of large protein assemblies that currently pose challenges for structure determination. A prominent example is the nuclear pore complex (NPC), for which the organization of its individual components remains unknown. By combining stochastic super-resolution microscopy, to directly resolve the ringlike structure of the NPC, with single particle averaging, to use information from thousands of pores, we determined the average positions of fluorescent molecular labels in the NPC with a precision well below 1 nanometer. Applying this approach systematically to the largest building block of the NPC, the Nup107-160 subcomplex, we assessed the structure of the NPC scaffold. Thus, light microscopy can be used to study the molecular organization of large protein complexes in situ in whole cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szymborska, Anna -- de Marco, Alex -- Daigle, Nathalie -- Cordes, Volker C -- Briggs, John A G -- Ellenberg, Jan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 9;341(6146):655-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1240672. Epub 2013 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry ; Humans ; Microscopy/*methods ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Nuclear Matrix/*ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore/*ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*chemistry/immunology ; Particle Size ; Single-Domain Antibodies/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Transport of material within cells is mediated by trafficking vesicles that bud from one cellular compartment and fuse with another. Formation of a trafficking vesicle is driven by membrane coats that localize cargo and polymerize into cages to bend the membrane. Although extensive structural information is available for components of these coats, the heterogeneity of trafficking vesicles has prevented an understanding of how complete membrane coats assemble on the membrane. We combined cryo-electron tomography, subtomogram averaging, and cross-linking mass spectrometry to derive a complete model of the assembled coat protein complex I (COPI) coat involved in traffic between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum. The highly interconnected COPI coat structure contradicted the current "adaptor-and-cage" understanding of coated vesicle formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dodonova, S O -- Diestelkoetter-Bachert, P -- von Appen, A -- Hagen, W J H -- Beck, R -- Beck, M -- Wieland, F -- Briggs, J A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):195-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aab1121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. john.briggs@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/chemistry ; COP-Coated Vesicles/*chemistry ; Coat Protein Complex I/*chemistry ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Electron Microscope Tomography ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry ; Humans ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: During clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), plasma membrane regions are internalized to retrieve extracellular molecules and cell surface components. Whether endocytosis occurs by direct clathrin assembly into curved lattices on the budding vesicle or by initial recruitment to flat membranes and subsequent reshaping has been controversial. To distinguish between these models, we combined fluorescence microscopy and electron tomography to locate endocytic sites and to determine their coat and membrane shapes during invagination. The curvature of the clathrin coat increased, whereas the coated surface area remained nearly constant. Furthermore, clathrin rapidly exchanged at all stages of CME. Thus, coated vesicle budding appears to involve bending of a dynamic preassembled clathrin coat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Avinoam, Ori -- Schorb, Martin -- Beese, Carsten J -- Briggs, John A G -- Kaksonen, Marko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1369-72. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Electron Microscopy Core Facility, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. marko.kaksonen@unige.ch john.briggs@embl.de. ; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. marko.kaksonen@unige.ch john.briggs@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Clathrin/*chemistry ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/*chemistry ; Electron Microscope Tomography ; *Endocytosis ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are 110-megadalton assemblies that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. NPCs are built from multiple copies of ~30 different nucleoporins, and understanding how these nucleoporins assemble into the NPC scaffold imposes a formidable challenge. Recently, it has been shown how the Y complex, a prominent NPC module, forms the outer rings of the nuclear pore. However, the organization of the inner ring has remained unknown until now. We used molecular modeling combined with cross-linking mass spectrometry and cryo-electron tomography to obtain a composite structure of the inner ring. This architectural map explains the vast majority of the electron density of the scaffold. We conclude that despite obvious differences in morphology and composition, the higher-order structure of the inner and outer rings is unexpectedly similar.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kosinski, Jan -- Mosalaganti, Shyamal -- von Appen, Alexander -- Teimer, Roman -- DiGuilio, Amanda L -- Wan, William -- Bui, Khanh Huy -- Hagen, Wim J H -- Briggs, John A G -- Glavy, Joseph S -- Hurt, Ed -- Beck, Martin -- 1R21AG047433-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R21 AG047433/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):363-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf0643.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany. ; Biochemistry Center of Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 507 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA. ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany. Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Electron Microscope Tomography ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Matrix/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 48 (1992), S. 190-202 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: interferon ; myeloid differentiation ; immunoaffinity chromatography ; reversed-phase HPLC ; peptides ; nuclear protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is expressed specifically in cells of the granulocyte/monocyte lineage. The MNDA has been isolated by using a monoclonal antibody affinity matrix and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Its NH2-terminal sequence has been obtained, as well as additional sequence information derived from peptides produced by cyanogen bromide and SV8 protease cleavages. Meaningful similarities were observed in extended regions between the MNDA and the reported β interferon-inducible proteins, 202 and 204, from Ehrlich ascites mouse tumor cells. An amphipathic, basic α-helical region, showing no similarity to the 202 and 204 proteins, exhibited close similarity to a region in the interferon response factor-2, a protein which binds the interferon stimulated response element. The relatively high number of S(T)PXX motifs present in the partial amino acid sequence of the MNDA, described herein, suggests that the MNDA binds DNA and is a transcription factor.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 559-567 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: human ; myeloid ; nuclear ; differentiation ; chronic myeloid leukemia ; Burkitt's lymphoma ; Epstein-Barr virus ; interferon-α ; PHA ; phorbol ester ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) was observed specifically in cells of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in our earlier reports. The specificity of MNDA expression for cells in the granulocyte-macrophage lineage was reexamined in cell line established from patients with philadelphia chromosome-positive chroni myeloid leukemia. Cell lines that expressed MNDA exhibited myeloid cell features and granulocyte or monocyte defferentiation could be induced in vitro, while cell lines exhibiting properties of very early stage cells of multipotential cells ded not express MNDA. Cells orginating from cases of burkitt's lymphoma were negative. By contrast, three Iymphoblastoid cell lines (immortalized in vitro with Epstein-Barr virus) were weakly positive and MNDA was up-regulated by interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment. As we reported previously, MNDA mRNA level in adherent monocytes is elevated by IFN-α; in this study, we further assessed MNDA expression in in vitro monocyte-derived macrophages. Three addditional agents (endotoxin, phytohemagglutinin, and photbol ester) and other conditions that affect function, cutokine production, defferentiation, and/of growth of monocytes were examined for their ability to alter MNDA expression. The results varied with the agent, cell type, and stage of differentiation. Changes in MNDA expression occurred slowly (hours to days), suggesting that MNDA could mediate changes realized over a long period. The results also reveal a discordance in certain MNDA Positiva cells between steady-state levels of changes in levels of protein and mRNA indicating that the regulation of MNDA expression occurs at more than one point. Changes in MNDA expression are consistent with a role in opposing macrophage defferentiation and activation of monocytes/macrophages.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 49 (1992), S. 82-92 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Interferon-stimulated response element ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Nuclear protein ; cDNA cloning ; Nucleotide sequence ; Northern blots ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is a protein of 406 amino acids that is expressed specifically in granulocytes, monocytes and earlier stage cells of these lineages. Degenerate oligonucleotides that could encode regions of MNDA amino acid sequence were used to amplify the MNDA cDNA sequence using the polymerase chain reaction. The amplified cDNA product wsa sequenced to confirm that it encoded the MNDA protein. It was then used as a probe to isolate five clones from a human bone marrow λgt10 cDNA library. A clone containing a 1,672 base pair cDNA insert was sequenced and found to encode the entire MNDA open reading frame, as well as 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions. The primary structure of the MNDA contains extensive regions of sequence similarity with the protein products of the interferon-inducible genes: 204 and interferon regulatory factor 2. In addition, a 12-base sequence matching the interferon-stimulated response element consensus sequence [GAAAN(N)GAAA] is located in the 5′ untranslated region of the MNDA cDNA. The 1.8 kb MNDA mRNA was detected only in cells that express the antigen and the level of MNDA mRNA was elevated in cells treated with either recombinant or natural interferon α. The MNDA mRNA was not induced by interferon α in cells that do not exhibit a constitutive level of the MNDA mRNA. The MNDA contains sequence motifs found in gene regulatory proteins. The expression and the primary structure of the MNDA indicates that it plays a role in the granulocyte/monocyte cell-specific response to interferon.
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