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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6414-6414 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mn and Cr powders were produced from electrolytic Mn and Cr by ball milling in a stainless steel container with carbon steel balls. The milling time, t, varied from 5 min to 8 h. Structures were investigated by x-ray and electron microscopy. Chemical compositions of samples were checked by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The magnetization was measured by induction method in a pulsed magnetic field up to 10 T. The main part of Mn and Cr powder volume was occupied by α-Mn and b.c.c. Cr, respectively. Diffraction peaks became vaster and more asymmetric with increasing t due to the onset of defects of the structure. The presence of MnO was observed in the Mn sample after 8 h of milling. The size of Mn and Cr particles over same critical t (for chromium t=100 min) was no more than 1 mm. A noticeable Fe content, which increases at higher t, was observed. The Mössbauer spectra of Cr and Mn samples showed the lines of α-Fe and γ-Fe. High values of saturation magnetization, σ, up to 5.4 emu/g, and susceptibility and existence of the hysteresis in low fields at temperatures up to 360 K, indicate ferromagnetic ordering of the samples. Within the range of 78–360 K σ only slightly depends on temperature, but noticeably grows with increasing t at fixed temperature in Cr powders, remaining practically constant in Mn powders. No correlation could be observed between Fe content and σ : the latter remained the same in Mn with Fe concentration increasing, but in Cr, as Fe concentration increased sevenfold, it grew by four times. Spontaneous magnetization per mass unit of Fe, σ, was sufficiently lower than that of pure α-Fe (220 emu/g). The obtained values of σ correspond neither to Fe solid solution nor to pure Cr or Mn. Elucidation of the obtained results can be done both by the presence of α-Fe particles and by variation of exchange interactions caused by sample defects. A noticeable difference of σ values from those properties of bulk α-Fe can be explained by γ-Fe availability and grinding of particles being smaller than single domain sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 8004-8007 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of a magnetic field on the ferroelectric domain structure of single crystal samples of the metastable orthorhombic ferroelectric ferroelastic β'-phase of Sm2(MoO4)3, Gd2(MoO4)3, Tb2(MoO4)3, and TbGd(MoO4)3 was investigated at 78 K in pulsed magnetic fields up to 100 kOe. It was shown that a magnetic field of certain orientation may change a ferroelectric domain structure in Tb2(MoO4)3 and TbGd(MoO4)3 that was accompanied by large changes of the electric polarization of the sample under investigation. The effect is explained by large magnetostrictive deformations. The prediction is made that there must be a positive longitudinal magnetostriction in a magnetic field applied along the [100] crystallographic axis and a negative transverse magnetostriction in the (001) plane in a magnetic field applied along the [100] crystallographic axis in Tb2(MoO4)3 and in TbGd(MoO4)3 β'-phases at 78 K and at a magnetic field strength of about 100 kOe.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 942-951 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 39 (1997), S. 770-774 
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Several of the physical properties of α-Bi2O3 have been studied in the temperature region above room temperature: the thermal expansion, the thermally stimulated current, the permittivity, the electrical resistance, and the specific heat. X-ray diffraction measurements and a thermogravimetric analysis have also been carried out. Several unusual properties in the physical properties of bismuth oxide have been detected in the temperature interval 450–570 K: exothermic maxima on the DTA and DSC curves, a small maximum and a sharp increase of the permittivity of the single crystal, a jump and a change of sign in the thermally stimulated current, and a sharp falloff of the electrical resistance of ceramic samples. At the same time, no appreciable changes in the monoclinic structure of α-Bi2O3 have been recorded in the indicated temperature interval.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1063-7745
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of potassium titanyl phosphate crystals, KTiOPO4, with various concentrations of niobium dopant has been grown, and some of their physical properties and structural characteristics have been studied. The incorporation of a small amount of niobium results in considerable changes in the electrical conductivity of KTP: Nb crystals and the temperature of the ferroelectric phase transition. Thus, the presence of 3–4 at. % of niobium results in an increase of conductivity by more than an order of magnitude, whereas T C decreases from 930 to 620°C. The X-ray diffraction study of the crystals has been performed at room temperature; the neutron diffraction analysis was made at temperatures of 20, 330, and 730°C. It was revealed that two crystallographically independent positions are statistically (by 90%) occupied by potassium cations, which results in the concentration of potassium atoms in the structure higher than it was expected from the condition of preservation of crystal electroneutrality. At high niobium concentrations, the monoclinic compound of the composition K2TiNb2P2O3 is formed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1987), S. 274-276 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Atomic energy 8 (1961), S. 91-99 
    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Conditions for the appearance of thermal stresses in reactors are investigated; also their magnitude and the danger they create are estimated. The influence of the form of the heat-generating elements (HGE) on the temperature drop and magnitudes of thermal stresses is analyzed; recommendations are given with the aim of decreasing the harmful effect of thermal stresses. The methods from the theory of elasticity employed in the calculation of thermal stresses have significant limitations. In many cases when estimating the magnitude and degree of danger created by the thermal stresses, when combining such stresses with mechanical stresses, and also when seeking a way to decrease them, other effects such as fluidity, creep, initial breakdown, and microscopic processes must be taken into consideration.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1541-1546 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 61.12.Ld ; 55.70.+y ; 72.60.+g ; 77.80.Bh ; 77.84.Bw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A number of physical properties of α-Bi2O3 was studied: the thermal expansion, thermally stimulated conductivity, electrical resistivity, and dielectric permeability. X-ray diffraction, DTA, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements were also carried out. Several anomalies were observed: a small maximum and drastic rise of the single crystal dielectric permeability, a sharp drop of the electric resistivity, a jump and change in sign of the thermally stimulated current, and an exothermal maximum in differential heat capacity. At the same time, the monoclinic lattice symmetry of α-Bi2O3 was retained over the temperature range where these anomalies were found.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied spectroscopy 37 (1982), S. 975-977 
    ISSN: 1573-8647
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical sciences 83 (1997), S. 165-174 
    ISSN: 1573-8795
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In accordance with the demands of the so-called local approach to inverse problems, the set of “waves” uf (·, T) is studied, where uf (x,t) is the solution of the initial boundary-value problem utt−Δu=0 in Ω×(0,T), u|t〈0=0, u|∂Ω×(0,T)=f, and the (singular) control f runs over the class L2((0,T); H−m (∂Ω)) (m〉0). The following result is established. Let ΩT={x ∈ Ω : dist(x, ∂Ω)〈T)} be a subdomain of Ω ⊂ ℝn (diam Ω〈∞) filled with waves by a final instant of time t=T, let T*=inf{T : ΩT=Ω} be the time of filling the whole domain Ω. We introduce the notation Dm=Dom((−Δ)m/2), where (−Δ) is the Laplace operator, Dom(−Δ)=H2(Ω)∩H 0 1 (Ω);D−m=(Dm)′;D−m(ΩT)={y∈D−m:supp y ⋐ ΩT. If T〈T., then the reachable set R m T ={ut(·, T): f ∈ L2((0,T), H−m (∂Ω))} (∀m〉0), which is dense in D−m(ΩT), does not contain the class C 0 ∞ (ΩT). Examples of a ∈ C 0 ∞ , a ∈ R m T , are presented.
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