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  • 1
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    Note de synthèse sur la sélection de niche spatiale et la compétition chez le jeune saumon Atlantique (Salmo salar) et la truite commune (Salmo trutta) en milieu lotique (1995)
    EDP Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0767-2861
    Electronic ISSN: 1961-9502
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by EDP Sciences
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regular, cyclic oscillations in cohort strength in an allopatric population of brown trout. Salmo trutta L. (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 2 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract– Dominant year-classes of brown trout occurred at regular time-intervals in the alpine Lake Skavatn, Norway. In samples obtained by beach scining, electrofishing and gill-netting during 1989–1992, yearclasses 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988 and 1991 were much more abundant than their neighbouring year-classes. Correspondingly, in a sample of gillnetted fish from 1979, the year-classes 1973 and 1976 were dominant. Spawning areas in the outlet are virtually absent, and lotic rearing areas for juveniles very restricted. Young-of-the-year immigrated to the lake during the autumn, and juveniles inhabited the restricted littoral cobble areas until they reached a length of about 10–12 cm and an age of 3+. Competitive exclusion by dominant year-classes may cause the regular, cyclic oscillations in cohort strength. An abundant year-class of juveniles occupying the restricted suitable lacustrine rearing areas may exclude younger fish by inter-cohort interference. The smaller fish are forced to unsheltered marginal rearing areas where they presumably suffer increased mortality. A new strong year-class can arise every 3 years when the dominant fish leave the rearing areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1993.tb00011.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bimodal size distributions in wild juvenile Atlantic salmon populations and their relationship with age at smolt migration (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 39 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A bimodal length distribution developed in an Atlantic salmon population planted as start-fed fry in a Norwegian stream. The earliest fish to smolt were from the upper modal group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04421.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fluctuating flow and temperature on cover type selection and behaviour by juvenile brown trout in artificial flumes (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 56 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brown trout Salmo trutta in a flume used cover more often and were more aggregated at low water temperatures in winter compared with summer. Cover combinations providing the most cover (overhead, visual and velocity cover) were preferred in winter whereas velocity refuges were preferred in late summer; and brown trout rarely used any of these cover structures in early summer. Flow affected cover use especially in winter, when most of the trout moved to shelters during the first high flow period. Movements by brown trout were most frequent in early summer. The much higher aggression rate in summer compared with winter decreased during the first period of high flow in both summer experiments. The results indicate seasonal changes in cover habitat and cover type preferences suggesting that habitat complexity is important, and availability of cover is particularly important during different seasons and fluctuating flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00882.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of habitat types on survival, spatial distribution and production of an allopatric cohort of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., under conditions of low competition (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An allopatric cohort of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., introduced to a small previously fishless stream was studied from parr to the smolt stages. In May 3900 0+ parr (mean total length 30mm) were planted at three different densities in habitats with slow, intermediate and fast water velocities. During the first year, high mortality occurred during the first 7 weeks after planting in May, and in September–October. Survival from May 1985 to April 1986, before the smolt emigration, was24.8%. The smolt yield 1 year after planting was 15.5%. It is suggested that the high survival was caused by low competition. Most of the redistribution of the fish took place during the first months. Type of planting habitat affected the timing of redistribution. The parr left slow-flowing, deep habitats with fine substrate soon after planting, while redistribution was slowest in the fastest flowing habitats with coarse substrate. The observed avoidance of slow, deep habitat types in the absence of interspecific competition, suggests that this may be a fixed behavioural response, and not due to competition. Long movements, up to 800 m, were recorded only within the first 7 weeks after planting. The effect of planting densities on population density was most pronounced immediately after planting in the fast and also intermediate habitats. Planting density effects declined and were not detectable after 1 year. The effect of habitat type on fish numbers and biomass was pronounced irrespective of planting densities. Growth was fastest in the intermediate habitat, and at the lower planting densities. Production was 7.2 g m−2 the first summer-autumn. Due to smolt emigration, few fish remained in the stream the second summer-autumn, and the production was 1.0 g m−2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03113.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mink, Mustela vison Schreber, predation on cohorts of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, S. trutta L., in three small streams (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two cohorts of Atlantic salmon parr and one of brown trout were studied in periods with and without the presence of mink, Mustela vison. In all localities a marked increase in mortality rate was observed during periods when mink were present. Mink were observed catching salmon parr, and approximately 10% of the parr had bite marks, especially on the tail fins. In the smallest stream with brown trout, the mortality rate was 0.80 during a few days with mink present; remnants of trout were found along the stream. The present study suggests that mink predation may be a major cause of mortality of salmonids in small streams. The results indicate that predation efficiency may vary with characteristics of the habitat, especially stream width and discharge, and fish density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05536.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microhabitat use by brown trout, Salmo trutta L. and Atlantic salmon, S. salar L., in a stream: a comparative study of underwater and river bank observations (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two methods, visual observation from the river bank and visual observation underwater by diving, were compared for microhabitat studies in young brown trout and Atlantic salmon in a stream. A wide range of habitat conditions were surveyed. Each method yielded different results with respect to microhabitat use. River bank observations missed small fish under surface turbulence and in deeper waters. Underwater observations missed small fish in shallow areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03112.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal and spatial microhabitat selection and segregation in young Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in a Norwegian river (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 36 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seasonal microhabitat selection by sympatric young Atlantic salmon and brown trout was studied by diving. Both species, especially Atlantic salmon, showed seasonal variation with respect to surface and mean water velocities and depth. This variation is partly attributed to varying water flows and water temperatures. In winter the fish sought shelter in the substratum. A spatial variation in habitat use along the river due to different habitat availabilities was observed. Both species occupied habitats within the ranges of the microhabitat variables, rather than selecting narrow optima. It is hypothesized that the genetic basis allows a certain range to the behavioural response. Microhabitat segregation between the two species was pronounced, with brown trout inhabiting the more slow-flowing and partly more shallow stream areas. Atlantic salmon tolerated a wider range of water velocities and depths. Habitat suitability curves were produced from both species. It is suggested that habitat suitability curves that are based on observations of fish occupancy of habitat at median or base flow may not be suitable in habitat simulation models, where available habitat is projected at substantially greater water flows.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb04325.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Downstream migration and critical water velocities in stream channels for fry of four salmonid species (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 32 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fry of brown trout, Atlantic salmon, brook trout and lake trout were tested for downstream migration and critical velocities with a method of stepwise increasing water velocities. Each velocity was tested for 15 min before increase to the next step. Critical velocities for fry entering the free-feeding stage, defined as the stage when the fry has resorbed its yolk sac and will have to ascend from the bottom gravel to catch food, were between 0.10 and 0.25 m s−1, varying among individuals and depending on species and water temperature. Downstream displacement started at lower velocities. Lake trout had the lowest critical velocity. Temperature influenced swimming performance considerably. On average, a 7°C increase in temperature resulted in a 0.05 m s−1 increase in critical velocity. The fry actively searched out the low-velocity niches in the channels. Flow-sensivity gradually decreases with fry development; when the fry had reached a length of 40–50 mm they were able to tolerate water velocities higher than 0.50 m s−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05412.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static habitat partitioning and dynamic selection by sympatric young Atlantic salmon and brown trout in south-west England streams (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Direct underwater observation of micro-habitat use by 1838 young Atlantic salmon Salmo salar [mean LT 7·9 ± 3.1(s.d.) cm, range 3·19] and 1227 brown trout Salmo trutta (LT 10·9 ± 5·0 cm, range 3·56) showed both species were selective in habitat use, with differences between species and fish size. Atlantic salmon and brown trout selected relatively narrow ranges for the two micro-habitat variables snout water velocity and height above bottom, but with differences between size-classes. The smaller fishes 〈7 cm held positions in slower water closer to the bottom. On a larger scale, the Atlantic salmon more often used shallower stream areas, compared with brown trout. The larger parr preferred the deeper stream areas. Atlantic salmon used higher and slightly more variable mean water velocities than brown trout. Substrata used by the two species were similar. Finer substrata, although variable, were selected at the snout position, and differences were pronounced between size-classes. On a meso-habitat scale, brown trout were more frequently observed in slow pool-glide habitats, while young Atlantic salmon favoured the faster high-gradient meso-habitats. Small juveniles 〈7 cm of both species were observed most frequently in riffle-chute habitats. Atlantic salmon and brown trout segregated with respect to use of habitat, but considerable niche overlap between species indicated competitive interactions. In particular, for small fishes 〈7 cm of the two species, there was almost complete niche overlap for use of water depth, while they segregated with respect to water velocity. Habitat suitability indices developed for both species for mean water velocity and water depth, tended to have their optimum at lower values compared with previous studies in larger streams, with Atlantic salmon parr in the small streams occupying the same habitat as favoured by brown trout in larger streams. The data indicate both species may be flexible in their habitat selection depending on habitat availability. Species-specific habitat overlap between streams may be complete. However, between-species habitat partitioning remains similar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02388.x
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