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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A remote, on-line 3-D human measurement and reconstruction approach for virtual wearer trials in global retailing (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 13 (2001), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A powerful 3-D system has been developed for on-line 3-D human measurement and reconstruction that interferes with a SQL Server database for virtual wearer trials in global retailing. In this research, 3-D body profiles have been captured and analysed using an on-line image measurement and processing system developed in this research and then stored in the database system. A parametric geometric human model has been devised with an effective search algorithm that utilises body measurements obtained on-line or retrieved from the database. A SQL server database system has been constructed with user friendly interfaces which enables users to collect, manage and analyse all related information including human body images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220110384914
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel method for indexing multiple diffraction peaks (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 570-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is proposed for unambiguously indexing X-ray multiple diffraction patterns obtained with irregularly shaped crystals on a four-circle diffractometer. The method is derived from the orientation matrix together with the operation of crystal rotation. It is shown that this method facilitates the procedures in the experimental method for phase determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012606
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the white-line-inducing principle isolated from Pseudomonas reactans. Erratum. (1993)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 417-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270192013106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of a centrosymmetric crystal structure using experimentally determined phases with the direct method (1983)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 39 (1983), S. 98-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The relation Sp = SL SR between the signs of the triplet phase products Sp, the multiple diffraction line profiles SL and the crystal lattice rotations SR is applied to the structure determination of a centrosymmetric Cs10Ga6Se14 crystal [space group C2/m, a = 18.233 (7), b = 12.889 (5), c = 9.668 (3) Å, β = 108.2°, z = 2]. This structure could not be solved by the ordinary MULTAN program, including MUL TAN-80. From the profile analysis of the multiple diffraction pattern of 311 using a four-circle single-crystal diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation, 12 phase relations among closely linked reflections are determined. Four possible sets of 14 reflection phases are deduced. Using these four sets as the starting phases for MULTAN-74, 225 correct phases are developed. The final E map shows all the atomic positions of Cs, Ga and Se. The structure refinement gives R = 0.047, Rw = 0.053 [1907 reflections with I 〉 2σ(I)]. Details about the procedure are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767383000185
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phasing macromolecular structures via structure-invariant algebra (1993)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Owing to the breakdown of Friedel's law when anomalous scatterers are present, unique values of the three-phase structure invariants in the whole range from 0 to 2π are determined by measured values of diffraction intensities alone. Two methods are described for going from presumed known values of these invariants to the values of the individual phases. The first, dependent on a scheme for resolving the 2π ambiguity in the estimate ωHK of the triplet φH + φK + φ−H−K, solves by least squares the resulting redundant system of linear equations φH + φK + φ−H−K = ωHK. The second attempts to minimize the weighted sum of squares of differences between the true values of the cosine and sine invariants and their estimates. The latter method is closely related to one based on the `minimal principle' which determines the values of a large set of phases as the constrained global minimum of a function of all the phases in the set. Both methods work in the sense that they yield values of the individual phases substantially better than the values of the initial estimates of the triplets. However, the second method proves to be superior to the first but requires, in addition to estimates of the triplets, initial estimates of the values of the individual phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444992008564
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient methods for the linearization and solution of phase-invariant equations (1995)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 542-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: This paper describes a linear least-squares procedure, whereby, through quadrupole relationships, the 2π integers that linearize sets of unique phase-invariant estimates can be determined. It is subsequently shown that the phase solutions for these linear equations can be obtained, even for basis sets of thousands of phases, without having to either build or invert the full least-squares matrix. The final r.m.s. phase errors achieved by this method can typically be less than 5 or 10°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767395001000
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A practical application of experimentally determined X-ray phases applied to the direct method (1982)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 414-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The experimental method for the direct determination of phases, proposed by Chang [Appl. Phys. (1981), A26, 221-226; Phys. Rev. Lett. (1982), 48, 163-166], utilizing the coherent interaction of diffracted X-ray beams according to the dynamical theory in a three-beam multiple Bragg reflection, is applied to the crystal structure of diamond by using an irregularly shaped crystal on a conventional four-circle single-crystal diffractometer. The phases of three reflections can be derived from the signs of three triplet-phase products which are obtained experimentally from three multiple-reflection line profiles. Using these phases as a starting set for the direct method, the phases of other reflections are obtained. The computing time for the MULTAN program is therefore drastically reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739482000941
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct methods: the identification of conditions which simplify the generation of inconsistent quadrupoles (1988)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 657-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An algorithm is implemented to determine the form and phase shift for inconsistent type II quadrupoles for any space group having glide or screw-axis translations which are not a consequence of lattice centering. Cumulatively there are only six different Miller index restrictions and nine different phase shift forms common to all space groups of orthorhombic or lower symmetry. A similar analysis has been performed for a newly discovered type III class of quadrupoles. The configuration of the phase connections among the four triples of the type III quadrupole is different from the common configuration previously described for both normal (type I) and inconsistent (type II) quadrupoles. A knowledge of these constraint conditions for type II and III quadrupoles greatly simplifies a procedure for generating these relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767388003435
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TELS: least-squares solution of the structure-invariant equations (1991)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 484-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Procedures are described to extract the values of individual phases from estimated structure invariants. The linear-equation and least-squares methods are used as two separate techniques in these procedures. The linear-equation method uses a linearly independent set of equations, with arbitrarily assigned integers, which are sufficient in number to solve for values of an equal number of phases. The least-squares method uses a set of overdetermined equations in which an `integer problem' has to be considered. The assembly of these two techniques with a novel integer-trial-and-error method shows a remarkable ability to overcome the `integer problem'. As a test of the whole procedure, phases were extracted from three-phase structure invariants calculated from the theoretical data for the platinum chloride derivative of cytochrome c550.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767391002969
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct methods: the identification of space-group-specific inconsistent three-phase structure invariants (1988)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 563-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Certain space groups often permit the generation of pairs of triple relationships involving the same three parent reflections in different symmetry forms, giving rise to two equally probable invariant estimates which, because of the space-group symmetry, must disagree by an a priori known phase shift. The 230 space groups have been examined to identify those which permit inconsistent triples, and the complete list which describes the forms of the pair of triples and their phase inconsistency is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010876738800306X
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