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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 2203-2207 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution electron yield spectra of core electron excitations in condensed Ru3(CO)12 exhibit a pronounced shoulder in the C 1s→π* excitation, due to transitions into unoccupied π levels consisting of linear combinations of the 2π orbitals of the various CO molecular ligands. The O edge near edge spectrum shows a clear and pronounced σ shape resonance transition, about 2 eV lower in energy than in free CO. We develop an intuitive model, which correlates the differences in the relaxation energies associated with the various core electron excitations with changes in the metal to ligand charge transfer process. The consequences of these differences in the core hole screening process with respect to standard models relating the position of the σ shape resonance to the bond length are discussed also.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on high-energy ball milling of Ru and AlRu. The deformation results in a drastic decrease of the crystal size to a nanometer scale and in an increase of atomic-level strain. This is accompanied by a disordering of the crystal lattice as is shown by means of the long-range-order parameter in AlRu. The specific heat increases by more than 15%–20%, indicating large changes in the vibrational and configurational part of the entropy. The stored energy of cold work is up to 6 kJ/mol for AlRu and 10 kJ/mol for Ru. This is almost 40% of the heat of fusion of Ru and exceeds by far the energies stored by other deformation processes.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 4095-4098 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactivity of Nb clusters with nitrogen and deuterium was studied using a pulsed laser vporization source coupled to a fast flow reactor. The relative reactivity of the various clusters was determined by monitoring the depletion of the cluster ion signal as a function of reactant flow rate. A kinetic analysis of the chemisorption is given. The geometrical isomerism of the cluster ions and its relationship to reactivity is discussed.(AIP)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 1744-1748 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the sequence of phase transformations induced in the Zr-Al binary system by mechanical alloying of mixed Zr and Al powders. The structure of these materials has been studied by transmission electron microscopy and by x-ray diffraction measurements. Three different metastable phases have been found experimentally with variation of the initial composition xAl: (1) a nanocrystalline supersaturated solid solution of α-Zr for xAl≤0.15, (2) an amorphous phase for 0.15〈xAl≤0.4, and (3) a metastable face-centered-cubic phase for xAl=0.5 with a grain size of 4 nm. The crystallization reaction of the amorphous phase was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, and the kinetics of the reaction have been examined as well. A possible explanation based on thermodynamic arguments is given for the defect-driven vitrification of the crystalline Zr phase.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 157 (1988), S. 1336-1340 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] BAE; bovine aortic endothelial cells ; [abr] ECM; extracellular matrix ; [abr] MDGFs; myocyte-derived growth factors ; [abr] RIA; radioimmunoassay ; [abr] aFGF; acidic fibroblast growth factor ; [abr] bFGF; basicfibroblast growth factor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 27 (1994), S. 124-127 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A direct-method program, DIMS (direct methods for incommensurate modulated structures), has been written to solve the phase problem of incommensurate structures with one-dimensional modulation. The program uses conventional structure factors instead of normalized structure factors in the phase derivation. It derives phases for satellite reflections by making use of the known phases of main reflections, which can be calculated from the known basic structure or high-resolution electron-microscope images of the sample, or derived by a conventional structure-analysis method involving only main reflections. Two types of phase relationship are used in the program. The first type consists of one main reflection and two satellites of the same order. This type of relationship is used to relate phases of satellites belonging to the same order with phases of main reflections. The second type of relationship consists of three satellites belonging to at least two different orders. This type of relationship is used to link satellites of different orders. X-ray as well as electron diffraction data from a dozen incommensurate modulated structures have been used to test the program. Two typical examples are described.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 30 (1997), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A computer program has been written for the derivation of (3 + 1)-dimensional symmetry operations from the two-line symbols. The derivation is based on the concept of generators {[Γ(RvE), εv, sv, τv, q)|v = 1, NG}, in which {[Γ(RvE), sv)|v = 1, NG} denotes the set of generators of the basic space group represented by the upper line. The program, called SPGR4D, is written in Fortran77 and based on the program by Burzlaff & Hountas (1982). [J. Appl. Cryst. (1982), 15, 464–467] for the derivation of symmetry operations in three-dimensional space. SPGR4D has been incorporated into a new version of the direct-methods program DIMS for solving incommensurate modulated crystal structures.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 640-644 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A multidimensional direct method is proposed for ab initio phasing of the main reflections of incommensurate intergrowth compounds. This method represents an objective procedure for solving the average structure of composite crystals in multidimensional space. The `normalized structure factors' are calculated separately for different subsets of main reflections. The derivation of phase information of the reflections and the refinement are performed in multidimensional space. The proposed procedure is tested with known structures of the inorganic misfit layer compounds (LaS)1.14NbS2 and (PbS)1.18TiS2. The results show that the phases of the reflections thus obtained are sufficiently accurate to reveal the average structures of these composite crystals.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 947-954 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The recently defined normalized structure factors for incommensurately modulated structures [Lam, Beurskens & van Smaalen (1993). Acta Cryst. A49, 709–721] have been subjected to extensive tests regarding their applicability in direct methods for phase determination. It is shown that the probability distribution associated with the structure invariants E(−H)E(H′)E(H − H′), where H and H′ are reciprocal vectors of main and/or satellite reflections, approximately has the same functional form as the Cochran distribution but triplet phase relations are relatively less reliable when satellites are involved. The use of the multidimensional Sayre equation for the determination of phases of satellite reflections [Hao, Liu & Fan (1987). Acta Cryst. A43, 820–824; Fu & Fan (1994). J. Appl. Cryst. 27, 124–127] is not improved by using normalized structure factors instead of ordinary structure factors.
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