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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-08-11
    Description: The methanogenic degradation of oil hydrocarbons can proceed through syntrophic partnerships of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea1,2,3. However, recent culture-independent studies have suggested that the archaeon ‘Candidatus Methanoliparum’ alone can combine the degradation of long-chain alkanes with methanogenesis4,5. Here we cultured Ca. Methanoliparum from a subsurface oil reservoir. Molecular analyses revealed that Ca. Methanoliparum contains and overexpresses genes encoding alkyl-coenzyme M reductases and methyl-coenzyme M reductases, the marker genes for archaeal multicarbon alkane and methane metabolism. Incubation experiments with different substrates and mass spectrometric detection of coenzyme-M-bound intermediates confirm that Ca. Methanoliparum thrives not only on a variety of long-chain alkanes, but also on n-alkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes with long n-alkyl (C≥13) moieties. By contrast, short-chain alkanes (such as ethane to octane) or aromatics with short alkyl chains (C≤12) were not consumed. The wide distribution of Ca. Methanoliparum4,5,6 in oil-rich environments indicates that this alkylotrophic methanogen may have a crucial role in the transformation of hydrocarbons into methane.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A flow cytometry (FCM) assay using SYBRgreen and propidium iodide double staining was tested to assess viability and morphological parameters of Perkinsus marinus under different cold- and heat-shock treatments and at different growth phases. P. marinus meront cells, cultivated at 28°C, were incubated in triplicate for 30 min at −80°C, −20°C, 5°C, and 20°C for cold-shock treatments and at 32°C, 36°C, 40°C, 44°C, 48°C, 52°C, and 60°C for heat-shock treatments. A slight and significant decrease in percentage of viable cells (PVC), from 93.6% to 92.7%, was observed at −20°C and the lowest PVC was obtained at −80°C (54.0%). After 30 min of heat shocks at 40°C and 44°C, PVC decreased slightly but significantly compared to cells maintained at 28°C. When cells were heat shocked at 48°C, 52°C, and 60°C heavy mortality occurred and PVC decreased to 33.8%, 8.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. No change in cell complexity and size was noted until cells were heat shocked at≥44°C. High cell mortality was detected at stationary phase of P. marinus cell culture. Cell viability dropped below 40% in 28-day-old cultures and ranged 11–25% in 38 to 47-day-old cultures. Results suggest that FCM could be a useful tool for determining viability of cultured P. marinus cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 48 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The meront stage of the oyster protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus, cultivated in two media with different fatty acid profiles was analyzed for its fatty acid and lipid class composition. The composition of fatty acids in the prezoosporangium stage of the parasite as well as that of the host oyster were investigated. Although the lipid class composition of meronts was dominated by phospholipids and triacylglycerol, there was no triaclgycerol detected in either culture medium. Despite the difference in fatty acid composition of the two media, the fatty acid composition of meronts in each medium was dominated by 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6) and 20:4(n-6), a profile that differed from its host. The quantities of total lipids and fatty acids in meronts increased as the number of meronts increased and far exceeded the initial amounts in the media and in the initial cell inoculum. The meronts harvested 25 d post-inoculation, had about 3 to 6 times higher total lipids and 4 to 13 times higher fatty acids than the amounts contained in the media. The fatty acid profiles of both prezoosporangia and oysters resembled each other and consisted primarily of 16:0, 20:4(n-6), 20:5(n-3), 22:2Δ7,15, and 22:6(n-3). These results indicate that during meront proliferation, the parasite synthesizes certain fatty acids and lipid classes. For development from meront to prezoosporangium, the parasite may rely on its host for lipid resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 46 (1985), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 0022-2011
    Keywords: Antibody ; Pieris rapae virus
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 25 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Three enrichment techniques were evaluated for their efficiency in improving the dietary value of Artemia nauplii to striped bass larvae. Newly hatched Artemia nauplii from the Great Salt Lake (GSL) were enriched for 24 h using the following diets: 1) gelatin-acacia microcapsules containing menhaden oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), primarily 20:5ω3 eicosapen-taenoic acid; 2) an emulsion of Baker's yeast and menhaden oil; and 3) marine Chlorella sp. Unfed San Francisco Bay (SFB) and GSL nauplii were used as controls. Enriched GSL (all three diets) and unfed SFB nauplii had significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) levels of 20:503 than the unfed nauplii from GSL. Seven days post-hatched (day 0) striped bass larvae were reared for 21 d on enriched or unfed nauplii. On day 21, wet weight and total length of striped bass larvae fed enriched GSL nauplii and unfed SFB nauplii were significantly greater (P 〈 0.05) than those fed unenriched GSL nauplii. The enrichment of the GSL nauplii appeared to increase the eicosapentaenoic acid content and enhance the growth of the striped bass larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 969-972 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Atomistic simulations using molecular dynamics (MD) method are conducted to check theconditions of the onset of fracture at the interface edges with a variety of angles. The simulations arefacilitated with model bi-material systems interacting with Morse pair potentials. Three simulationmodels are considered, i.e. the interface edges with angles 45°, 90° and 135°, respectively. Thesimulation results show that, at the instant of crack initiation, the maximum stresses along theinterfaces reach the ideal strength of the interface; also, the interface energies just decrease to belowthe value of the intrinsic cohesive energy of the interface. And the onset of fracture at the interfaceedges with different geometries is controlled by the maximum stresses or the cohesive interfacialenergy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 47-50 (June 2008), p. 1117-1120 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present work, sensing of ethanol on the ZnO thin films doped with Fe (5-50%)have been investigated. Nature of the sensing species in the nanosize Fe-doped ZnO (FeZnO)thin films has also been studied by in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)spectroscopy. By XRD, it is found that ZnO and ZnFe2O4 are the main compounds in the ZnO-Fethin films. The thin film containing 5% of Fe has a high sensitivity (Rair/Rethanol〉80) whensensing of ethanol at 300 K. On the contrary, the thin films with Fe fractions of 20-50% have avery low sensitivity to ethanol (Rair/Rethanol〈15). In the presence of ethanol, the EXAFS spectrashow that the bond distances of Zn-O and Fe-O in the thin films are 1.90 and 1.98 Å, respectivelyand restored to 1.91 and 1.97 Å in the absence of ethanol
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 47-50 (June 2008), p. 1113-1116 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To enhance the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte in a newly-developeddye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the Cu@C (metallic copper core in the carbon shell) nanoparticlesdispersed in a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) (e.g., [bmin][BF6]) has been studied in thepresent work. By the pulsed-field gradient spin-echo NMR method, the self-diffusion coefficientsof cations and anions in the RTIL have been determined. The self-diffusion coefficient of cationsis increased by 40% at 300 K. It is also found that the electrical conductivity of the Cu@Cdispersed (0.08%) RTIL is increased by 30% (1.96→2.38 ms/cm). It seems that that the nanosizeCu@C dispersed RTIL is a very effective electrolyte especially used in the DSSCs
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 47-50 (June 2008), p. 1121-1124 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To enhance the efficiency of a newly developing dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC),Cu@C (7-20 nm) nanoparticles dispersed electrolyte has been studied. Experimentally, theefficiencies (η) of the DSSC are in the range of 2.70-4.09% with a short-circuit photocurrent density(Jsc) of 5.775-9.910 mA/cm2. Interestingly, it is found that addition of 1% of Cu@C (7 nm)nanoparticles in the molten salt (1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII)) conjugatedelectrolyte leads to an enhancement of 11% in the conversion efficiency (η) of 4.06%. By XANES,about 17-32% of copper in the core of Cu@C are oxidized to Cu2O (10-17%) and CuO (5-17%) inthe molten salt in the electrolyte
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 354-360 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several defense-related activities of hemocytes from oysters (Crassostrea virginica andC. gigas) were assayedin vitro with different levels of tributyltin (0.4–400 ppb)3 to determine whether defense-related cell mechanisms were affected. Chemiluminescence, a presumptive indicator of phagocytic activity, was reduced with increasing concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) and pre-incubation with TBT appeared to eliminate chemiluminescence. Locomotion of hemocytes was also retarded by TBT, but the ability of the hemocytes to spread to an ameboid shape was not affected.In vitro salinity regulation of oceanic oyster hemocytes to lower salinities was not affected by TBT exposure and salinity regulation of estuarine oyster hemocytes to higher salinities was retarded only after a salinity change from 12 ppt to 36 ppt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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